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  • 1
    Online-Ressource
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    Psychopathological Risk Assessment in Children with Hyperphenylalaninemia
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Children Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2022-10-31), p. 1679-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2022-10-31), p. 1679-
    Kurzfassung: Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare congenital disorder caused by decreased metabolism of phenylalanine determining cerebral impairments. If untreated, PKU might lead to intellectual disability, seizures and behavioral disorders. The aim of this study is to provide a characterization of the psychopathological profile of a pediatric population diagnosed with PKU at newborn screening. Methods: an accurate neuropsychological evaluation of 23 patients (aged 8–18 years) with hyperphenylalaninemia (defined as experimental group, EG) and in 23 age-matched healthy controls (defined as control group, CG) was performed using the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) and Self-Administrated Psychiatric Scales for Children and Adolescents (SAFA) questionnaires. Results: the CABI test showed significant differences for the sub-scales related to “Irritable mood”, “Oppositional-provocative symptoms” and “ADHD” in the EG compared to CG (p = 0.014, p = 0.032, and p = 0.032, respectively). Patients with hyperphenylalaninemia also presented with significant differences both for anxiety disorder scale and depression scale of SAFA test than controls (p = 0.018 and p = 0.009, respectively). Conclusions: children and adolescents with early diagnosis of PKU showed a psychopathological risk profile characterized by an increased risk of experiencing symptoms such as mood deflection, anxiety, attention deficit, oppositional defiant behavior, and obsessive traits than healthy peers. Our findings highlighted the need of the inclusion of a neuropsychiatric evaluation in the management of these patients to improve their overall quality of life.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children9111679
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2732685-8
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
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    The Impact of Resolution of Inflammation on Tumor Microenvironment: Exploring New Ways to Control Cancer Progression
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 14 ( 2022-07-08), p. 3333-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 14 ( 2022-07-08), p. 3333-
    Kurzfassung: Non-resolving inflammation is an enabling feature of cancer. A novel super-family of lipid mediators termed Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs) have a role as bioactive molecules mediating the resolution of inflammation in cancer biology. SPMs are derived from ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids through the activity of lipoxygenases. SPMs have been described to directly modulate cancer progression by interfering with the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and invasion of cancer cells. SPMs have also been demonstrated to act on several components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Consistently with their natural immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, SPMs are able to reprogram macrophages to favor phagocytosis of cell debris, which are an important source of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic signals; sustain a direct cytotoxic immune response against cancer cells; stimulate neutrophils anti-tumor activities; and inhibit the development of regulatory T and B cells, thus indirectly leading to enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, the resolution pathways exert crucial anti-angiogenic functions in lung, liver, and gastrointestinal cancers, and inhibit cancer-associated fibroblast differentiation and functions in hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancer. The present review will be focused on the potential protective effects of resolution pathways against cancer, exerted by modulating different components of the TME.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143333
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2527080-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    The Neurochemistry of Autism
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-03-13), p. 163-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2020-03-13), p. 163-
    Kurzfassung: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to complex neurobehavioral and neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests, and altered sensory processing. Environmental, immunological, genetic, and epigenetic factors are implicated in the pathophysiology of autism and provoke the occurrence of neuroanatomical and neurochemical events relatively early in the development of the central nervous system. Many neurochemical pathways are involved in determining ASD; however, how these complex networks interact and cause the onset of the core symptoms of autism remains unclear. Further studies on neurochemical alterations in autism are necessary to clarify the early neurodevelopmental variations behind the enormous heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder, and therefore lead to new approaches for the treatment and prevention of autism. In this review, we aim to delineate the state-of-the-art main research findings about the neurochemical alterations in autism etiology, and focuses on gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, serotonin, dopamine, N-acetyl aspartate, oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin, melatonin, vitamin D, orexin, endogenous opioids, and acetylcholine. We also aim to suggest a possible related therapeutic approach that could improve the quality of ASD interventions. Over one hundred references were collected through electronic database searching in Medline and EMBASE (Ovid), Scopus (Elsevier), ERIC (Proquest), PubMed, and the Web of Science (ISI).
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10030163
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2651993-8
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Electrospun Poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate)/Nano-hyDroxyapatite/Graphene Nanoribbon Scaffolds Improved the In Vivo Osteogenesis of the Neoformed Bone
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Functional Biomaterials Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-02-05), p. 11-
    Details
    In: Journal of Functional Biomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-02-05), p. 11-
    Kurzfassung: Electrospun ultrathin fibrous scaffold filed with synthetic nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) and graphene nanoribbons (GNR) has bioactive and osteoconductive properties and is a plausible strategy to improve bone regeneration. Poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) has been studied as fibrous scaffolds due to its low crystallinity, faster biodegradability, and good mechanical properties; however, its potential for in vivo applications remains underexplored. We proposed the application of electrospun PBAT with high contents of incorporated nHAp and nHAp/GNR nanoparticles as bone grafts. Ultrathin PBAT, PBAT/nHAp, and PBAT/nHAp/GNR fibers were produced using an electrospinning apparatus. The produced fibers were characterized morphologically and structurally using scanning electron (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron (TEM) microscopies, respectively. Mechanical properties were analyzed using a texturometer. All scaffolds were implanted into critical tibia defects in rats and analyzed after two weeks using radiography, microcomputed tomography, histological, histomorphometric, and biomechanical analyses. The results showed through SEM and high-resolution TEM characterized the average diameters of the fibers (ranged from 0.208 µm ± 0.035 to 0.388 µm ± 0.087) and nHAp (crystallite around 0.28, 0.34, and 0.69 nm) and nHAp/GNR (200–300 nm) nanoparticles distribution into PBAT matrices. Ultrathin fibers were obtained, and the incorporated nHAp and nHAp/GNR nanoparticles were well distributed into PBAT matrices. The addition of nHAp and nHAp/GNR nanoparticles improved the elastic modulus of the ultrathin fibers compared to neat PBAT. High loads of nHAp/GNR (PBATnH5G group) improved the in vivo lamellar bone formation promoting greater radiographic density, trabecular number and stiffness in the defect area 2 weeks after implantation than control and PBAT groups.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2079-4983
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jfb12010011
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2648525-4
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    Emotional–Behavioral Disorders in Healthy Siblings of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Medicina Vol. 56, No. 10 ( 2020-09-23), p. 491-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 56, No. 10 ( 2020-09-23), p. 491-
    Kurzfassung: Background and Objectives: Siblings of disabled children are more at risk of developing mental illnesses. More than 50 international studies show that about 8% of children and adolescents suffer from a mental disorder, which is almost always a source of difficulties both at the interpersonal level (in the family and with peers) and at school. Healthy siblings of children with disabilities are one of the groups most at risk for consequences in psychological health and well-being. As some authors suggest, siblings build their idea of “being people”, in terms of character and personality, by continuously and daily confronting themselves with the theme of disability and a family context subjected to continuous stress. The following contribution aims to compare emotional–behavioral disorders in healthy siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder, in healthy siblings of children with Down’s syndrome and in healthy siblings of children with typical development. Materials and Methods: The results involve 153 children from the region of Campania and their caregivers through the administration of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results: From the data, it emerged that siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder and siblings of children with Down’s syndrome have a greater emotional fragility, especially among male subjects. Conclusions: Our results require us to reflect on the clinical and policy measures needed to ensure the well-being of siblings of disabled children, mainly through appropriate sibling coping training.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina56100491
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2088820-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Electroencephalographic Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Characteristics and Therapeutic Implications
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Medicina Vol. 56, No. 9 ( 2020-08-19), p. 419-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 56, No. 9 ( 2020-08-19), p. 419-
    Kurzfassung: A large body of literature reports the higher prevalence of epilepsy in subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) compared to the general population. Similarly, several studies report an increased rate of Subclinical Electroencephalographic Abnormalities (SEAs) in seizure-free patients with ASD rather than healthy controls, although with varying percentages. SEAs include both several epileptiform discharges and different non-epileptiform electroencephalographic abnormalities. They are more frequently associated with lower intellectual functioning, more serious dysfunctional behaviors, and they are often sign of severer forms of autism. However, SEAs clinical implications remain controversial, and they could represent an epiphenomenon of the neurochemical alterations of autism etiology. This paper provides an overview of the major research findings with two main purposes: to better delineate the state-of-the-art about EEG abnormalities in ASD and to find evidence for or against appropriateness of SEAs pharmacological treatment in ASD.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090419
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2088820-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Mats Made from Recycled Tyre Rubber and Polyurethane for Improving Growth Performance in Buffalo Farms
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  AgriEngineering Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2024-03-04), p. 597-619
    Details
    In: AgriEngineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2024-03-04), p. 597-619
    Kurzfassung: This study focuses on anti-trauma mats designed for buffaloes’ comfort, using as raw materials rubber powder from end-of-life tyres (ELTs) and an isocyanate-based polyurethane resin binder. The first part of the study focused on mat formulation. Whilst it was possible to select a unique combination of raw materials and design features, it was necessary to investigate the relationship between three critical parameters affecting mat consistency and therefore buffalo comfort: binder quantity, mat thickness, and desired final mat density (bulk). In order to quantitatively assess the variation in hardness, various combinations were investigated within well-defined ranges based on the relevant literature. The results obtained from nine selected combinations indicate that increases in the three critical parameters do not induce a real phase transition in the final product consistency, although the hardness suggests an increasing trend. The mats consistently exhibited a moderately soft/hard consistency, offering environmental benefits in terms of increased rubber usage and potentially reduced chemical binder, depending on the desired thickness. The selected mixture showed excellent resistance to heavy chemical loads, suggesting reliability for frequent cleaning operations. The second part of the study involved field trials of the mats with calves. This involved monitoring their weight gain and appetite levels over a 90-day period. The results showed excellent growth performance compared to uncoated grids (i.e., weight gain was approximately 20% higher at the end of the observation period); this was similar to that achieved with the use of straw bedding. However, compared to straw bedding, the mats (i) exhibit long-term durability, with no signs of wear from washing or trampling over the months of the trial, (ii) allow for quick and efficient cleaning, and (iii) enable companies to save on labour, material (straw), and waste disposal costs, while maintaining (or even improving) the same welfare levels associated with the use of straw.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2624-7402
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering6010036
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2024
    ZDB Id: 2946408-0
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Long-Term High Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy in Primary and Secondary Bronchiectasis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2023-04-27), p. 1250-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2023-04-27), p. 1250-
    Kurzfassung: Background: Bronchiectasis is the consequence of chronic bronchial inflammation, inappropriate mucus clearance, bacterial colonization, and recurrent or chronic infection. High flow therapy (HFT) is a type of non-invasive respiratory therapy, usually delivered through a nasal cannula interface (HFNC). It delivers heated and humidified air with a stable fraction of inspired oxygen and a wide range of possible flow rates. Aim of the study: Determine the effectiveness of HFNC as add-on therapy in adult primary and secondary bronchiectasis with frequent acute exacerbations (AEs) and/or hospitalizations. Methods: This is a single-center crossover study on long-term home therapy with HFNC in adult bronchiectasis. Pharmacological therapy included pulse therapy with mucolytics and bronchodilators. After one year, all patients were switched to additional HFNC. The temperature range was 31–37 °C. The flow range was 35–60 L/m. FiO2 was 0.21. Results: Seventy-eight patients completed the follow-up; 54% were females; the median age was 70 years (IQR 60–76). The etiology of bronchiectasis was mainly post-infective (51%), COPD related (26%), and congenital (11%). AEs at baseline were 2.81 (±2.15). A significant reduction in AEs was observed after 24 months with a mean of 0.45 (±0.66) (f-ratio value 79.703. p-value 〈 0.00001). No significant difference was observed after HFNC therapy on FEV1 (2.39 ± 0.87 vs. 2.55 ± 0.82; f-ratio 0.79. p-value 0.45) and FVC (2.73 ± 0.88 vs. 2.84 ± 0.90; f-ratio 0.411. p-value 0.66). A significant reduction in mMRC score was observed after HFNC therapy (2.40 ± 0.81 vs. 0.97 ± 0.97 at 2 months vs. 0.60 ± 0.78 at 24 months; f-ratio value 95.512. p-value 〈 0.00001). Conclusions: HFNC is a well-tolerated add-on therapy for adult bronchiectasis. Dyspnea improved after 2 months and further after 2 years. The exacerbation rate decreased during the 2 years follow-up. No significant difference was observed in lung function.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091250
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2721009-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
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    The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Deletion/Deletion Genotype Is a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19: Implication and Utility for Patients Admitted to Emergency Department
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Medicina Vol. 57, No. 8 ( 2021-08-20), p. 844-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 57, No. 8 ( 2021-08-20), p. 844-
    Kurzfassung: Background and objective: Insertion/deletion polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) have been previously described in association with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and correlated to outcome. The ACE deletion/deletion(D/D)genotype represents a marker of thrombosis in subjects apparently without predisposing factors and/or traditional thrombophilic alterations and increases the risk of venous thromboembolism in subjects in whom a thrombogenic condition occurs. Thrombosis seems to play a role very early in the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, in particular in those with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The counterbalance between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 activities in COVID-19 disease may play a crucial role in the thrombo-inflammatory process. We hypothesised that a genetic predisposition could condition the severity and complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and methods: We conducted a spontaneous, single centre observational study in the Sub-Intensive Care Unit of A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Cotugno Hospital, Naples (Italy). In this study, we performed genetic screening for ACE D/D genotype and other thrombophilic mutations in 20 patients affected by ARDS related to COVID-19 pneumonia, compared to 19 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results: All tested patients had multiple polymorphisms and, in particular, a significantly higher prevalence of ACE D/D polymorphism in severe COVID-19 patients Conclusion: We found that the majority of patients who tested positive for ACE D-D genotype and who were not associated with other risk factors for VTE showed an evolution to ARDS. This finding could have a predicting role in the selection of patients more prone to developing severe COVID-19 during clinical observation in emergency department.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080844
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2088820-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
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    Toll-Like Receptor 7 Mediates Inflammation Resolution and Inhibition of Angiogenesis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2021-02-10), p. 740-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2021-02-10), p. 740-
    Kurzfassung: Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) promote inflammation but also its resolution. We demonstrated that a specific PRR—formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1)—sustains an inflammation resolution response with anti-angiogenic and antitumor potential in gastric cancer. Since toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is crucial in the physiologic resolution of airway inflammation, we asked whether it could be responsible for pro-resolving and anti-angiogenic responses in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). TLR7 correlated directly with pro-resolving and inversely with angiogenic mediators in NSCLC patients, as revealed by a publicly available RNAseq analysis. In NSCLC cells, depletion of TLR7 caused an upregulation of angiogenic mediators and a stronger vasculogenic response of endothelial cells compared to controls, assessed by qPCR, ELISA, protein array, and endothelial cell responses. TLR7 activation induced the opposite effects. TLR7 silencing reduced, while its activation increased, the pro-resolving potential of NSCLC cells, evaluated by qPCR, flow cytometry, and EIA. The increased angiogenic potential of TLR7-silenced NSCLC cells is due to the lack of pro-resolving mediators. MAPK and STAT3 signaling are responsible for these activities, as demonstrated through Western blotting and inhibitors. Our data indicate that TLR7 sustains a pro-resolving signaling in lung cancer that inhibits angiogenesis. This opens new possibilities to be exploited for cancer treatment.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040740
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2527080-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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