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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Hydrological Regime, Provenance, and Impacts on Cultural Development at Changsha Kiln Archaeological Site since 1300 a, Lower Xiangjiang River, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Land Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2022-05-27), p. 789-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2022-05-27), p. 789-
    Abstract: Changsha kilns were exported to more than 20 countries and regions and were an essential part of the culture in the central Yangtze River during the late Holocene. Reconstructing the hydrological landform and sedimentary history of its surrounding areas (Shizhu) is significant for further constraining any links between regional paleoenvironmental change and the human−land relationship in the lager river valley. To examine paleo−hydrological and provenance evolution, the rare earth element (REE) and trace element ratio from the Shizhuping (SZP) section were analyzed. The SZP section records the paleo−hydrological evolution over 1300 years: river network cutting plain landscape—Shizhu Lake—river floodplain—Shizhu Lake reformation—Shizhu flat. This section was labeled as stages IV to I, respectively. The deposition of stages IV was wind and dust accumulation during the Last Glacial. The provenance of stages III (1288–1094 a.BP) was wasted from the ceramic production process. The layer of stage II (1094–380 a.BP) was in two parts. In stage II−2 (1094–890 a.BP), provenance was dominated by granite. Sedimentary rocks became the source of stage II−1 (890–380 a.BP). In stages I (380 a.BP–), the primary material sources were anthropogenic bedding and weathering erosion deposits around the slope. During the Medieval Warm Period, the climate was warm and humid, and the rising water level of the Xiangjiang River led to the emergence of lakes in the Shizhu area. The migration of northern China into Changsha kiln brought new technology and labor. In the late Five Dynasties, the climate turned dry, and the falling water level of the Xiangjiang River caused Changsha kiln to lose its commercial wharf.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land11060789
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Gene Modules Co-regulated with Biosynthetic Gene Clusters for Allelopathy between Rice and Barnyardgrass
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 16 ( 2019-08-07), p. 3846-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 16 ( 2019-08-07), p. 3846-
    Abstract: Allelopathy is a central process in crop–weed interactions and is mediated by the release of allelochemicals that result in adverse growth effects on one or the other plant in the interaction. The genomic mechanism for the biosynthesis of many critical allelochemicals is unknown but may involve the clustering of non-homologous biosynthetic genes involved in their formation and regulatory gene modules involved in controlling the coordinated expression within these gene clusters. In this study, we used the transcriptomes from mono- or co-cultured rice and barnyardgrass to investigate the nature of the gene clusters and their regulatory gene modules involved in the allelopathic interactions of these two plants. In addition to the already known biosynthetic gene clusters in barnyardgrass we identified three potential new clusters including one for quercetin biosynthesis and potentially involved in allelopathic interaction with rice. Based on the construction of gene networks, we identified one gene regulatory module containing hub transcription factors, significantly positively co-regulated with both the momilactone A and phytocassane clusters in rice. In barnyardgrass, gene modules and hub genes co-expressed with the gene clusters responsible for 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) biosynthesis were also identified. In addition, we found three genes in barnyardgrass encoding indole-3-glycerolphosphate synthase that regulate the expression of the DIMBOA cluster. Our findings offer new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of biosynthetic gene clusters involved in allelopathic interactions between rice and barnyardgrass, and have potential implications in controlling weeds for crop protection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163846
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Contamination Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Sediments from the Lishui River Watershed, Southern China
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2019-01-25), p. 336-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2019-01-25), p. 336-
    Abstract: Seven heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) were measured in surface sediments from the Lishui River watershed, an area with increased soil erosion in China. The mean concentrations of heavy metals were 61.20 mg/kg (Cr), 757.15 mg/kg (Mn), 9.39 mg/kg (Co), 25.31 mg/kg (Ni), 22.84 mg/kg (Cu), 91.66 mg/kg (Zn), and 40.19 mg/kg (Pb), respectively. The spatial distribution of heavy metals was site-specific, exhibiting a remarkably high level in the sampling stations with intense agricultural activities (Lixian) and industrial activities (Jinshi). Contamination indexes including contamination factor, pollution load index, nemerow multi-factor index, potential ecological risk index, and human health risk were used to assess the pollution degree of the river sediments. The results indicated the pollution degree of heavy metals decreased in the order of Mn 〉 Pb 〉 Zn 〉 Cr 〉 Cu 〉 Ni 〉 Co. Heavy metals resulted in non-pollution to moderate pollution, with low ecological risk and an acceptable carcinogenic risk caused by Cr and Ni for children and adults. Person’s correlation analysis and principal component analysis, coupled with cluster analysis, revealed that the sediments from the Lishui River were mainly influenced by two sources. Cr, Co, Ni, and Cu were mainly derived from natural sources, while Mn, Zn, and Pb originated from agricultural and industrial activities, mining, and vehicular traffic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030336
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
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    Satellite-Based Monitoring of Coastal Wetlands in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2022-06-17), p. 829-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2022-06-17), p. 829-
    Abstract: The dynamic process of the wetland can reflect its impact on the environment, and finding a balance point supporting harmonious coexistence between man and nature has become an issue of increasing concern. On the basis of previous studies that have focused on local coastal wetlands, the temporal and spatial changes and driving forces of wetlands in the Yancheng coastal area from 1991 to 2021 were analyzed over a larger area. According to the study findings: (1) The results of the study of the Yancheng coastal wetland with a larger scope differed significantly from findings resulting from a study of coastal wetland only. This difference was mainly reflected in the relatively stable situation of wetland ecology as a whole, while the changes in local surface features were more significant. (2) Natural wetlands were transformed into artificial wetlands and non-wetland types, and artificial wetlands were transformed into non-wetland types; additionally, reverse transformations and internal transformations of surface features also took place. For instance, the saltpan was transformed into mudflats (86.26 km2), and some mudflats into herbaceous vegetation (193.47 km2). (3) When analyzing the impact intensity of human activities on the Yancheng wetland, it was found that this factor has experienced a process of first rising and then falling. The index was 0.650, 0.653, 0.664, 0.661, and 0.641 in 1991, 2000, 2008, 2016, and 2021, respectively. (4) Lastly, an analysis of factors driving wetland change revealed that human factors were the most critical reasons for wetland landscape change. Our work can play a reference and inspiration role in the monitoring and protection of similar coastal wetlands.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse10060829
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 5
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    On the Genesis of the South China Sea Mesoscale Eddies
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2022-01-31), p. 188-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2022-01-31), p. 188-
    Abstract: The climatology of the mesoscale eddies in the upper layer of the South China Sea (SCS) is investigated for an understanding of its genesis using the outputs from a 1/12.5° ocean reanalysis. Employed is a recently developed multiscale energetics formalism on the basis of a multiscale window transform (MWT) and the theory of canonical transfer. Three scale windows, namely, background flow, mesoscale eddy and synoptic eddy, are differentiated, and fields on different scales are reconstructed henceforth. Diagnosis of the mesoscale eddy energy budget reveals that barotropic and baroclinic instabilities, wind work, advection and pressure work are essential ingredients of the eddy energy sources and sinks in the SCS, but their contributions vary from region to region. In the southwestern part of the SCS, the regional mesoscale eddy energy is mainly generated by barotropic instability, while in the northeastern SCS, baroclinic instability and the wind working directly on the eddies are the two dominant eddy generation processes. The eddies southwest of Taiwan are damped by outward energy transport via advection, while the decay of those southeast of Vietnam is due to pressure work. The three-scale framework also reveals that the interaction between the mesoscale eddies and higher-frequency synoptic eddies mainly serves as a sink for the mesoscale eddy energy in the SCS, except for the northeastern SCS, where significant inverse cascade of kinetic energy is found.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse10020188
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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