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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influences of Underwater Shield Tunnelling on River Embankment Seepage Stability Considering Various Overburden Thickness
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Water Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-06-25), p. 2346-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-06-25), p. 2346-
    Abstract: Underwater shield tunneling will disturb the soil near the river, especially in water-rich soft ground. This may cause a groundwater infiltration hydraulic gradient to exceed the critical value, leading to calamities, such as unexpected flooding or submerged erosion. To ensure the security of construction and the stability of river embankment seepage, it is crucial to assess the safety of the underwater tunnel cover thickness. A shield tunnel project under a river in Hefei is used as an example. The numerical model established by the finite element method is used for calculating and analyzing the changes in the groundwater flow field and the stability state of embankment seepage induced by underwater shield tunneling under different overburden thickness conditions. The results show that the construction disturbance of the shield tunnel through the river is increased, the internal force environment of the embankment slope is destroyed, and the maximum seepage hydraulic gradient is increased. In the case study, the embankment keeps in a stable state of seepage when the cover thickness of the shield tunnel has 2.9 times its outer diameter. The findings of this study can serve as a scientific guide to assure seepage stability in an underwater shield tunneling project and to stop river embankment erosion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w15132346
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparative Habitat Divergence and Fragmentation Analysis of Two Sympatric Pheasants in the Qilian Mountains, China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Land Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-11-22), p. 2104-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-11-22), p. 2104-
    Abstract: Habitat fragmentation is considered a major threat to biodiversity worldwide. Two endangered species, the blood pheasant (Ithaginis cruentus) and the blue eared pheasant (Crossoptilon auritum), co-exist in a fragmented forest in the Qilian Mountains. However, how their habitats react to the fragmenting landscape remains unclear. Therefore, we carried out a field survey in the core habitat of the two species in Qilian Mountains National Park and used the MaxEnt Model to predict their potential distribution and to assess the protection efficiency. Then, we utilized a modified within-patch fragmentation categorizing model to identify how their functional fragmentations differentiated. The results showed that the habitat utilization of the two pheasant species was significantly different, with a potential distribution area of 18,281 km2 for the blood pheasant and 43,223 km2 for the blue eared pheasant. The habitat of the blue eared pheasant is highly fragmented with 27.7% categorized as ‘Interior’ and 49.3% as ‘Edge’, while the habitat of the blood pheasant is more severe with 2.1% categorized as ‘Interior’ and 50.4% as ‘Edge’. Analysis shows that large areas of habitat for the two pheasants remain unprotected by the Qilian Mountains National Park. The intense grazing and human infrastructure may have a large effect on the currently highly fragmented landscape. Future measurements are needed to alleviate this conflict.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land11122104
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Long Intron 1 of Growth Hormone Gene from Reeves’ Turtle (Chinemys reevesii) Correlates with Negatively Regulated GH Expression in Four Cell Lines
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2016-04-12), p. 543-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2016-04-12), p. 543-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040543
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Investigating the Cell Result Multiplication Method for Emission Test of Battery Module
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Batteries Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2023-09-01), p. 450-
    Details
    In: Batteries, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2023-09-01), p. 450-
    Abstract: The thermal safety of lithium-ion traction batteries is a highly concerning issue in the field of electric transportation. The large amount of gas emissions during the thermal runaway process of batteries has high safety hazards, such as fire and explosion. The quantitative analysis of emissions is one of the important challenges in testing and evaluating battery safety. Focusing on quantifying gas emissions using large-scale thermal propagation in battery modules and packs, based on the idea of cell result multiplication, this article conducts a thermal runaway emission analysis of a single cell and a module and compares the behavior of thermal runaway and gas emissions of the cell and module from the perspectives of temperature, pressure, gas composition, and battery morphology. The feasibility of the cell result multiplication method is verified from the perspective of experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2313-0105
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/batteries9090450
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813972-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Farmers’ Rural-To-Urban Migration, Influencing Factors and Development Framework: A Case Study of Sihe Village of Gansu, China
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2019-03-10), p. 877-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 5 ( 2019-03-10), p. 877-
    Abstract: Farmers are the major participants in rural development process and their willingness to settle in urban areas directly affects the implementation of rural revitalization strategy. Based on Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework, we analyzed farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas and its influencing factors by binary Logistic regression and cluster analysis of survey data of 190 rural households in Sihe village of Gansu Province of China. The results show that: (1) In Sihe village, farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas was low in general and influenced by their neighbors’ decisions or behaviors. Households willing and unwilling to migrate to urban areas both presented significant spatial agglomeration. (2) The factors influencing farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas were analyzed from six aspects: individual characteristics, family characteristics, residence characteristics, cognitive characteristics, institutions, and constraints. The main influencing factors were found to be age, occupation, number of non-agricultural workers in the family, household cultivated land area, annual household income, house building materials, degree of satisfaction with social pension, homestead and contracted land subsidies, income constraints, and other constraints. (3) Individual heterogeneity and difference in economic basis determined the difference in farmers’ willingness to settle in urban areas. Institutions and constraints played different roles in the migration willingness of different groups of farmers (Note: More details on the sample as well as further interpretation and discussion of the surveys are available in the associated research article (“Village-Scale Livelihood Change and the Response of Rural Settlement Land Use: Sihe Village of Tongwei County in Mid-Gansu Loess Hilly Region as an Example” (Ma, L.B.; Liu, S.C.; Niu, Y.W.; Chen, M.M., 2018)).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050877
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Sanguinarine and Chelerythrine Derivatives against Phytopathogenic Fungi
    MDPI AG ; 2012
    In:  Molecules Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2012-11-02), p. 13026-13035
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2012-11-02), p. 13026-13035
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules171113026
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Biotransformed Lignite
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 13 ( 2023-06-27), p. 5031-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 13 ( 2023-06-27), p. 5031-
    Abstract: Heavy metal pollution caused by industrial wastewater such as mining and metallurgical wastewater is a major global concern. Therefore, this study used modified lignite as a low-cost adsorbent for heavy metal ions. Pingzhuang lignite was dissolved and modified using Fusarium lignite B3 to prepare a biotransformed-lignite adsorbent (BLA). The O, H, and N contents of the BLA increased after transformation, and the specific surface area increased from 1.81 to 5.66 m2·g−1. Various adsorption properties were investigated using an aqueous solution of Cu(Ⅱ). The kinetic and isothermal data were well-fitted by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. The Langmuir model showed that the theoretical Cu(II) adsorption capacity was 71.47 mg·g−1. Moreover, large particles and a neutral pH were favorable for the adsorption of heavy metal ions. The adsorption capacities of raw lignite and BLA were compared for various ions. Microbial transformation greatly improved the adsorption capacity, and the BLA had good adsorption and passivation effects with Cu(II), Mn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II). Investigation of the structural properties showed that the porosity and specific surface area increased after biotransformation, and there were more active groups such as –COOH, Ar–OH, and R–OH, which were involved in the adsorption performance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135031
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Single Amino Acid Substitutions Surrounding the Icosahedral Fivefold Symmetry Axis Are Critical for Alternative Receptor Usage of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Viruses Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-10-09), p. 1147-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-10-09), p. 1147-
    Abstract: The integrins function as the primary receptor molecules for the pathogenic infection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vivo, while the acquisition of a high affinity for heparan sulfate (HS) of some FMDV variants could be privileged to facilitate viral infection and expanded cell tropism in vitro. Here, we noted that a BHK-adapted Cathay topotype derivative (O/HN/CHA/93tc) but not its genetically engineered virus (rHN), was able to infect HS-positive CHO-K1 cells and mutant pgsD-677 cells. There were one or three residue changes in the capsid proteins of O/HN/CHA/93tc and rHN, as compared with that of their tissue-originated isolate (O/HN/CHA/93wt). The phenotypic properties of a set of site-directed mutants of rHN revealed that E83K of VP1 surrounding the fivefold symmetry axis was necessary for the integrin-independent infection of O/HN/CHA/93tc. L80 in VP2 was essential for the occurrence of E83K in VP1 during the adaptation of O/HN/CHA/93wt to BHK-21 cells. L80M in VP2 and D138G in VP1 of rHN was deleterious, which could be compensated by K83R of VP1 for restoring an efficient infection of integrin-negative CHO cell lines. These might have important implications for understanding the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms of the recognition and binding of FMDV with alternative cellular receptors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v12101147
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Porcine Intestinal Organoids: Overview of the State of the Art
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-05-21), p. 1110-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-05-21), p. 1110-
    Abstract: The intestinal tract is a crucial part of the body for growth and development, and its dysregulation can cause several diseases. The lack of appropriate in vitro models hampers the development of effective preventions and treatments against these intestinal tract diseases. Intestinal organoids are three-dimensional (3D) polarized structures composed of different types of cells capable of self-organization and self-renewal, resembling their organ of origin in architecture and function. Porcine intestinal organoids (PIOs) have been cultured and are used widely in agricultural, veterinary, and biomedical research. Based on the similarity of the genomic sequence, anatomic morphology, and drug metabolism with humans and the difficulty in obtaining healthy human tissue, PIOs are also considered ideal models relative to rodents. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on PIOs, emphasizing their culturing, establishment and development, and applications in the study of host–microbe interactions, nutritional development, drug discovery, and gene editing potential.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14051110
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of N Fertilizer Dosage and Base/Topdressing Ratio on Potato Growth Characteristics and Yield
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-18), p. 909-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-18), p. 909-
    Abstract: Nitrogen fertilizer is an important kinetic energy for potato production. To study the effect of nitrogen(N) fertilizer application and the topdressing ratio on potato growth and yield, different N application levels: N75 (75 kg ha−1), N150 (150 kg ha−1), N225 (225 kg ha−1) and different N fertilizer base/topdressing ratios: T1 (2:8), T2 (5:5), T3 (8:2), and T4 (10:0) were used to find the best N fertilizer operation. The results showed that higher yields can be obtained when 120–180 kg ha−1 N was applied under the base/topdressing ratio of 8:2 in silt loam (sand–silt–clay: 29-50-21). The base N fertilizer dosage largely determined the root morphology, while topdressing fertilizer mainly affected the leaf photosystem, however, rhizosphere topdressing at the early stages of bud emergence did not immediately affect the leaf soluble protein and the sugar content. Topdressing N increased the tuber crude protein and ascorbic acid content to some extent, but had weak effect on the amylose/amylopectin ratio, for the starch content was mainly influenced by total N application. When base N fertilizer was low, it could be compensated by applying fertilizer during flowering, though when the amount of base fertilizer was sufficient, topdressing would cause a decrease in the average single potato weight and an increase in potato sets per plant, thereby reducing the commercial potato rate. Overall, adopting a suitable base/topdressing ratio can promote plant growth and improve tuber quality and yield. However, the relationship between the specific application amount and the ratio under different soil texture conditions needs further study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13030909
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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