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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Data-Driven Framework for Spatiotemporal Analysis and Prediction of River Water Quality: A Case Study in Pearl River, China
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Water Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-07), p. 257-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-07), p. 257-
    Abstract: Characterization of the spatiotemporal water quality variation is of utmost importance for water resource management. Changes in water quality have been shown to be significantly affected by uncertain factors such as environmental conditions and anthropogenic activities. However, few studies consider the impact of these variables on water quality prediction while developing statistical methods or machine learning algorithms. To solve the problem, a data-driven framework for the analysis and prediction of water quality in the Guangzhou reach of the Pearl River, China, was constructed in this study. The results provided evidence of a discrepancy in the spatiotemporal dynamics of water quality, with the average water quality index (WQI) values ranging from 52.47 to 83.06, implying “moderate” to “excellent” water quality at different stations. Environmental conditions and anthropogenic activities exerted great influence on the alteration of water quality, with correlation coefficients of 0.6473–0.7903. The relevant environmental factors and anthropogenic drivers combined with water quality variables were taken into account to establish the attention-based long short-term memory (LSTM-attention) model. The proposed LSTM-attention model achieved reliable real-time water quality prediction with up to a 3-day lead-time and a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.6. The proposed hybrid framework sheds light on the development of a decision system for comprehensive water resource management and early control of water pollution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w15020257
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Eliciting Herders’ Willingness to Accept Grassland Conservation: A Choice Experiment Design in Pastoral Regions of China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Land Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-09-02), p. 1463-
    Details
    In: Land, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-09-02), p. 1463-
    Abstract: Top-down grassland conservation policies are widely used to protect grassland ecosystems from degradation in developing counties. However, an inability to meet local herders’ preferences when implementing such ecological policies may weaken their outcomes. Using a choice experiment design, this paper evaluated herders’ willingness to accept (WTA) different possible implementations of a grazing ban policy, which is an ongoing but inflexible grassland protection policy in China. The results showed that herders were more likely to accept a grazing ban policy that targets private benefits rather than public benefits. In particular, herder’s WTA decreased when the policy objective changed from improving private grassland productivity to protecting grassland wildlife (or preventing sandstorms). Additionally, broader coverage and a longer duration also increased herders’ WTA a grazing ban policy; i.e., herders preferred a grazing ban policy with less coverage and a shorter duration. Our heterogeneity analysis showed that herder’s WTA is not only associated with their socioeconomic characteristics, but also with their altruism. Herders with higher altruistic tendencies were more willing to engage in a gazing ban policy targeting public benefits. These findings offer valuable insight into potential methods of redesigning top-down grassland protection policies and incentivizing small herders to adapt to environmentally friendly practices in China or other countries with similar backgrounds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-445X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/land11091463
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2682955-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Applications of Nano/Micromotors for Treatment and Diagnosis in Biological Lumens
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-10-19), p. 1780-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2022-10-19), p. 1780-
    Abstract: Natural biological lumens in the human body, such as blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract, are important to the delivery of materials. Depending on the anatomic features of these biological lumens, the invention of nano/micromotors could automatically locomote targeted sites for disease treatment and diagnosis. These nano/micromotors are designed to utilize chemical, physical, or even hybrid power in self-propulsion or propulsion by external forces. In this review, the research progress of nano/micromotors is summarized with regard to treatment and diagnosis in different biological lumens. Challenges to the development of nano/micromotors more suitable for specific biological lumens are discussed, and the overlooked biological lumens are indicated for further studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi13101780
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between Meteorological Factors and Outpatient Visits for Herpes Zoster in Hefei, China: A Time-Series Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2023-01-23), p. 2097-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2023-01-23), p. 2097-
    Abstract: This study sought to investigate the relationship between meteorological factors and outpatient visits for herpes zoster. In this time-series analysis, we used data from two major hospitals in Hefei, collected between 2015 and 2019, to evaluate the impact of meteorological factors on the risk of herpes zoster. After controlling for confounders, we adopted a distributed lag nonlinear model to probe the relationship between meteorological factors and outpatient visits for herpes zoster. The analysis was stratified according to age ( 〈 40 years, ≥40 years) and sex (male, female). A total of 43,547 cases of herpes zoster were reported, and compared with the median value, a high temperature and high relative humidity had a significant risk effect on the incidence of herpes zoster. The maximum harmful effect of high temperature on herpes zoster occurred on the lag0 (RR: 1.027, 95% CI: 1.002–1.053) and further declined over the following days. The cumulative effect increased with the extension of lag days, and the cumulative RR was the largest on the sixth day of lag (RR1.031, 95% CI: 1.006–1.056) when the relative humidity was 85.7% (77.0% as the reference). The stratified analysis results reveal that females and the elderly (≥40 years) were more susceptible to temperature and relative humidity. This study shows that high-temperatures may lead to herpes zoster, indicating that those infected with varicella zoster virus need to take measures over the course of several days when not exposed to the best appropriate temperature conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032097
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficacy and Failure Patterns of Early SBRT to the Primary Tumor in Advanced EGFR-Mutation-Positive Lung Cancer with EFGR-TKI Treatment: A Prospective, Single Arm, Phase II Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Life Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-11-22), p. 1954-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-11-22), p. 1954-
    Abstract: Early stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) to the primary tumor combined with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EFGR-TKI) treatment may increase progression-free survival (PFS) by delaying resistance in patients with advanced EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this prospective, single arm, phase II study, patients with advanced NSCLC were treated with EGFR-TKI (icotinib 125 mg tid or gefitinib 250 mg qd) for one month followed by SBRT (40–60 Gy/5–8 F/5–10 d) to the primary tumor with concurrent EGFR-TKI until disease progression. The primary endpoint was PFS and the patterns of failure. Overall survival (OS) and adverse effects (AEs) were secondary endpoints. Overall, 41 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations received treatment with 24.42 months of median follow-up time. On average, SBRT was initiated 1.49 months after EGFR-TKI administration. Tumors were found to have an average shrinkage rate of 42.50%. Median PFS was 15.23 months (95% CI 13.10–17.36), while median OS was 27.57 months (95% CI 23.05–32.09). Thirty-three patients were found to have disease progression, of which new site failure (NF) (22 patients, 66.66%) was the most common pattern, followed by original site failure (OF) (7 patients, 21.21%) and simultaneous OF/NF (ONF) (4 patients, 12.12%). There were no Aes equal to or greater than grade 3, with the most frequent AE being radiation pneumonitis. Therefore, administering therapy targeted at the primary tumor using early SBRT after EGFR-TKI initiation is a new potentially safe and effective approach to treat EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life12121954
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Simulation and Experimental Validation on the Effect of Twin-Screw Pulping Technology upon Straw Pulping Performance Based on Tavares Mathematical Model
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Processes Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-11-09), p. 2336-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-11-09), p. 2336-
    Abstract: Rice straw is waste material from agriculture as a renewable biomass resource, but the black liquor produced by straw pulping causes serious pollution problems. The twin-screw pulping machine was designed by Solidworks software and the straw breakage model was created by the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The model of straw particles breakage process in the Twin-screw pulping machine was built by the Tavares model. The simulation results showed that the highest number of broken straw particles was achieved when the twin-screw spiral casing combination was negative-positive-negative-positive and the tooth groove angle arrangement of the negative spiral casing was 45°−30°−15°. The multi-factor simulation showed that the order of influence of each factor on the pulp yield was screw speed 〉 straw moisture content 〉 tooth groove angle. The Box-Behnken experiment showed that when screw speed was 550 r/min, tooth groove angle was 30°, straw moisture content was 65% and pulping yield achieved up to 92.5%. Twin-screw pulping performance verification experiments were conducted, and the results from the experimental measurements and simulation data from the model showed good agreement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr10112336
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome-Wide Identification of the MAPK and MAPKK Gene Families in Response to Cold Stress in Prunus mume
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2023-05-16), p. 8829-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2023-05-16), p. 8829-
    Abstract: Protein kinases of the MAPK cascade family (MAPKKK–MAPKK–MAPK) play an essential role in plant stress response and hormone signal transduction. However, their role in the cold hardiness of Prunus mume (Mei), a class of ornamental woody plant, remains unclear. In this study, we use bioinformatic approaches to assess and analyze two related protein kinase families, namely, MAP kinases (MPKs) and MAPK kinases (MKKs), in wild P. mume and its variety P. mume var. tortuosa. We identify 11 PmMPK and 7 PmMKK genes in the former species and 12 PmvMPK and 7 PmvMKK genes in the latter species, and we investigate whether and how these gene families contribute to cold stress responses. Members of the MPK and MKK gene families located on seven and four chromosomes of both species are free of tandem duplication. Four, three, and one segment duplication events are exhibited in PmMPK, PmvMPK, and PmMKK, respectively, suggesting that segment duplications play an essential role in the expansion and evolution of P. mume and its gene variety. Moreover, synteny analysis suggests that most MPK and MKK genes have similar origins and involved similar evolutionary processes in P. mume and its variety. A cis-acting regulatory element analysis shows that MPK and MKK genes may function in P. mume and its variety’s development, modulating processes such as light response, anaerobic induction, and abscisic acid response as well as responses to a variety of stresses, such as low temperature and drought. Most PmMPKs and PmMKKs exhibited tissue-specifific expression patterns, as well as time-specific expression patterns that protect them through cold. In a low-temperature treatment experiment with the cold-tolerant cultivar P. mume ‘Songchun’ and the cold-sensitive cultivar ‘Lve’, we find that almost all PmMPK and PmMKK genes, especially PmMPK3/5/6/20 and PmMKK2/3/6, dramatically respond to cold stress as treatment duration increases. This study introduces the possibility that these family members contribute to P. mume’s cold stress response. Further investigation is warranted to understand the mechanistic functions of MAPK and MAPKK proteins in P. mume development and response to cold stress.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108829
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Whole-Genome Identification of Regulatory Function of CDPK Gene Families in Cold Stress Response for Prunus mume and Prunus mume var. Tortuosa
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 13 ( 2023-07-04), p. 2548-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 13 ( 2023-07-04), p. 2548-
    Abstract: Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPK) are known to mediate plant growth and development and respond to various environmental changes. Here, we performed whole-genome identification of CDPK families in cultivated and wild mei (Prunus mume). We identified 14 and 17 CDPK genes in P. mume and P. mume var. Tortuosa genomes, respectively. All 270 CPDK proteins were classified into four clade, displaying frequent homologies between these two genomes and those of other Rosaceae species. Exon/intron structure, motif and synteny blocks were conserved between P. mume and P. mume var. Tortuosa. The interaction network revealed all PmCDPK and PmvCDPK proteins is interacted with respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). RNA-seq data analysis of cold experiments show that cis-acting elements in the PmCDPK genes, especially PmCDPK14, are associated with cold hardiness. Our results provide and broad insights into CDPK gene families in mei and their role in modulating cold stress response in plants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12132548
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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