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  • MDPI AG  (17)
  • 1
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2022-12-24), p. 58-
    Abstract: DDX41 is an intracellular DNA sensor that evokes type I interferon (IFN-I) production via the adaptor stimulator of interferon gene (STING), triggering innate immune responses against viral infection. However, the regulatory mechanism of the DDX41-STING pathway in teleost fish remains unclear. The mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) is a cultured freshwater fish species that is popular in China because of its high market value. With the development of a high-density cultural mode in mandarin fish, viral diseases have increased and seriously restricted the development of aquaculture, such as ranavirus and rhabdovirus. Herein, the role of mandarin fish DDX41 (scDDX41) and its DEAD and HELIC domains in the antiviral innate immune response were investigated. The level of scDDX41 expression was up-regulated following treatment with poly(dA:dT) or Mandarin fish ranavirus (MRV), suggesting that scDDX41 might be involved in fish innate immunity. The overexpression of scDDX41 significantly increased the expression levels of IFN-I, ISGs, and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down assays showed that the DEAD domain of scDDX41 recognized the IFN stimulatory DNA and interacted with STING to activate IFN-I signaling pathway. Interestingly, the HELIC domain of scDDX41 could directly interact with the N-terminal of STING to induce the expression levels of IFN-I and ISGs genes. Furthermore, the scDDX41 could enhance the scSTING-induced IFN-I immune response and significantly inhibit MRV replication. Our work would be beneficial to understand the roles of teleost fish DDX41 in the antiviral innate immune response.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2022-07-15), p. 874-
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2022-07-15), p. 874-
    Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies with poor prognosis. Inhibition of angiogenesis is becoming a valid and evident therapeutic strategy to treat cancer. Recent studies uncovered the antiangiogenic activity of ZLM-7 (a combretastain A-4 derivative), but the regulatory mechanism is unclear. ZLM-7 treatment was applied in estrogen receptor-positive cell MCF-7, triple-negative breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 and xenograft models. Transfections were conducted to overexpress or knockdown targeted genes. The gene and protein expressions were measured by qPCR and Western blotting assay, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using the CCK8 method, clone formation assay and flow cytometry. We found that ZLM-7 upregulated 14-3-3 sigma expression but downregulated MDM2 expression in breast cancer cells. ZLM-7 delayed cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis and blocked cell-cycle progression in human breast cancer cells in vitro, while those effects were abolished by 14-3-3 sigma knockdown; overexpression of 14-3-3 sigma reproduced the actions of ZLM-7 on the cell cycle, which could be reversed by MDM2 overexpression. In xenograft models, ZLM-7 treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth while the inhibition was attenuated when 14-3-3 sigma was silenced. Collectively, ZLM-7 could inhibit MDM2 via upregulating 14-3-3 sigma expression, thereby blocking the breast cancer progression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 6 ( 2021-03-19), p. 1733-
    Abstract: α-l-arabinofuranosidase is a subfamily of glycosidases involved in the hydrolysis of l-arabinofuranosidic bonds, especially in those of the terminal non-reducing arabinofuranosyl residues of glycosides, from which efficient glycoside hydrolases can be screened for the transformation of ginsenosides. In this study, the ginsenoside Rc-hydrolyzing α-l-arabinofuranosidase gene, BsAbfA, was cloned from Bacilus subtilis, and its codons were optimized for efficient expression in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant protein BsAbfA fused with an N-terminal His-tag was overexpressed and purified, and then subjected to enzymatic characterization. Site-directed mutagenesis of BsAbfA was performed to verify the catalytic site, and the molecular mechanism of BsAbfA catalyzing ginsenoside Rc was analyzed by molecular docking, using the homology model of sequence alignment with other β-glycosidases. The results show that the purified BsAbfA had a specific activity of 32.6 U/mg. Under optimal conditions (pH 5, 40 °C), the kinetic parameters Km of BsAbfA for pNP-α-Araf and ginsenoside Rc were 0.6 mM and 0.4 mM, while the Kcat/Km were 181.5 s−1 mM−1 and 197.8 s−1 mM−1, respectively. More than 90% of ginsenoside Rc could be transformed by 12 U/mL purified BsAbfA at 40 °C and pH 5 in 24 h. The results of molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis suggested that the E173 and E292 variants for BsAbfA are important in recognizing ginsenoside Rc effectively, and to make it enter the active pocket to hydrolyze the outer arabinofuranosyl moieties at C20 position. These remarkable properties and the catalytic mechanism of BsAbfA provide a good alternative for the effective biotransformation of the major ginsenoside Rc into Rd.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Minerals Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-07-22), p. 921-
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-07-22), p. 921-
    Abstract: Blaine specific surface area (SSA) is an essential physical property of iron concentrate and is availably improved by a high-pressure grinding roller (HPGR) to enhance the pelletability and the qualities of oxidized pellets. In this study, the four concentrates with various SSA were obtained by HPGR treatment to produce the oxidized pellets. The results show that the high degree of lattice deformation corresponds to high SSA which is beneficial for improving the quality of green, preheated, and fired pellets. The compressive strength increases from 600 to 1870 N·pellet−1 for preheated pellets and increases from 2530 to 4270 N·pellet−1 for fired pellets when SSA increased from 849 cm2/g to 1601 cm2/g, under the optimal condition of preheating at 1050 °C for 12 min and firing at 1250 °C for 15 min. The oxidation of magnetite is accelerated. Low porosity and microphotographs with integrated hematite joined crystallization support the strength enhancement by high SSA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 5
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2012-03-30), p. 3933-3944
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 15 ( 2023-08-02), p. 2936-
    Abstract: Daqu is a traditional starter for Baijiu fermentation and is produced by spontaneous fermentation of ground and moistened barley or wheat. The quality of Daqu is traditionally evaluated based on physicochemical and subjective sensory parameters without microbiological analysis. Here, we compared the physicochemical characteristics of qualified (QD) and inferior (ID) Daqu, their microbial communities based on plate counting and PacBio SMRT sequencing of rRNA gene libraries, and their impacts on Baijiu fermentation. The results showed that the glucoamylase and α-amylase activities of QD were significantly higher than those of ID. The counts of yeasts and relative abundances of functional microbes, especially the amylolytic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis and fungi Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Lichtheimia ramosa, were significantly higher in QD than in ID. The laboratory-scale Baijiu fermentation tests showed that the relative abundances of the amylolytic microbes were higher in the QD than the ID fermentation set, resulting in more efficient fermentation, as indicated by more weight loss and higher moisture content in the former. Consequently, more glycerol, acetic acid, ethanol, and other volatile compounds were produced in the QD than in the ID fermentation set. The results suggest that Daqu quality is determined by, and can be evaluated based on, its microbial community.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 7
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 2 ( 2021-01-16), p. 452-
    Abstract: Chitosan is the only cationic polysaccharide found in nature. It has broad application prospects in biomaterials, but its application is limited due to its poor solubility in water. A novel chitosan derivative was synthesized by amidation of chitosan with 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid and sialic acid. The chitosan derivatives were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and measurement of the zeta potential. We also investigated the solubility, cytotoxicity, and blood compatibility of chitosan derivatives. 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid and sialic acid could be grafted onto chitosan molecular chains. The thermal stability of the synthesized chitosan derivatives was decreased and the surface was positively charged in water and phosphate-buffered saline. After chitosan had been modified by 18 β-glycyrrhetinic acid and sialic acid, the solubility of chitosan was improved greatly in water and phosphate-buffered saline, and percent hemolysis was 〈 5%. Novel amphiphilic chitosan derivatives could be suitable polymers for biomedical purposes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 18 ( 2023-09-14), p. 6613-
    Abstract: Four previously undescribed terpenoid glucosides, including one sesquiterpenoid di-glucoside (1), two new iridoid glucosides (2, 3), and a new triterpenoid tri-glucoside (4), were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract of the root of Gentiana macrophylla (Gentianaceae), along with eight known terpenoids. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques, including 1D, 2D NMR, and HRMS (ESI), as well as chemical methods. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined by quantum chemical calculation of its theoretical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum. The sugar moieties of all the new compounds were confirmed to be D-glucose by GC analysis after acid hydrolysis and acetylation. Anti-pulmonary inflammation activity of the iridoids were evaluated on a TNF-α induced inflammation model in A549 cells. Compound 2 could significantly alleviate the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8 and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2023-06-23), p. 1689-
    Abstract: Strawberry is a worldwide demanded edible fruit with high economic and nutritional value; however, a very short storage life largely limits its supply and marketing. In this study, strawberries were treated using sodium selenite with different concentrations (6, 12, 18, and 24 mg/L), and the postharvest fruit quality and resistance to Botrytis cinerea were substantially assessed. Among all concentrations, 12 mg/L Se was the most effective treatment, which maintained fruit skin brightness, reduced natural decay incidence, severity, and weight loss, increased the Se content in fruit, and thus maintained the postharvest fruit quality of the strawberry. Furthermore, strawberries treated with 12 mg/L Se had lower flavonoid, phenolic, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, H2O2, and O2− contents compared to the control and, correspondingly, lower antioxidant capacity; moreover, 12 mg/L Se treatment decreased the decay incidence and severity caused by the infection of B. cinerea. Collectively, our findings may provide a reference for developing safe and environmentally friendly alternative methods to sustain quality and manage gray mold in postharvest strawberries as well as other horticultural crops.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 10
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2019-11-25), p. 1688-
    Abstract: A high-efficient and low-cost catalyst on hydrogen isotope separation between hydrogen and water is an essential factor in industrial application for heavy water production and water detritiation. In past studies, Pt-based catalysts were developed but not practical for commercial use due to their high cost for vapor phase catalytic exchange (VPCE), while for impregnated nickel catalysts with a lower cost the problems of agglomeration and low Ni utilization existed. Therefore, to solve these problems, in-situ grown Ni-based catalysts (NiAl-LDO) derived from a layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursor were fabricated and first applied in VPCE in this work. Compared with traditional impregnated Ni-based catalysts, NiAl-LDO catalysts own a unique layered structure, homogeneous dispersed metallic phase, higher specific surface area as well as stronger metal-support interactions to prevent active metal from agglomerating. These advantages are beneficial for exposing more active sites to improve dynamic contacts between H2 and HDO in a catalyst surface and can bring excellent catalytic activity under a reaction temperature of lower than 400 °C. Additionally, we found that the dissociative chemisorption of HDO and H2 occurs not only in Ni (111) but also in NiO species where chemisorbed H(ads), D(ads), OH(ads) and OD(ads) are formed. The results highlight that both of the Ni2+ species and Ni0 species possess catalytic activities for VPCE process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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