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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Experimental and Numerical Study on Hydraulic Performance of Chevron Brazed Plate Heat Exchanger at Low Reynolds Number
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Processes Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2020-09-01), p. 1076-
    Details
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2020-09-01), p. 1076-
    Abstract: Few experiments have been performed to investigate the hydraulic performance in a chevron brazed plate heat exchanger (BPHE) with the narrow channel at lower Reynolds number. The hydraulic characteristics of seven types of chevron BPHEs were investigated experimentally and numerical simulation revealed the effects of structural parameters on hydraulic performances. The correlations between friction factor f and Re were fitted out based on more than 500 sets of pressure drop data. The research results show that there is a power-law between f and Re; which has a similar trend but a different amplitude for different plates, and the exponent of the power-law could be approximate to a constant. Numerical results show that the pressure drop Δp is positively correlated with the corrugated angle and spacing, however, negatively correlated with the corrugated height. Research on the hydraulic performance is significant for the optimal design of BPHE.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pr8091076
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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  • 2
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    Polymer Hydrogel Supported Ni/Pd Alloys for Hydrogen Gas Production from Hydrolysis of Dimethylamine Borane with a Long Recyclable Lifetime
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-11-01), p. 4647-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-11-01), p. 4647-
    Abstract: Hydrogen gas production can be produced from dimethylamine borane by the catalytic effect of metal nanoparticles. Past research efforts were heavily focused on dehydrogenation in organic solvents. In this study, hydrolysis of the borane in aqueous solutions was investigated, which bears two significant advantages: that two-thirds of the hydrogen generated originate from water and that the hydrogen storage materials are non-flammable. Polymer hydrogels serve as good carriers for metal particles as catalysts in aqueous solutions. Kinetic analysis of hydrogen production was performed for Ni/Pd bimetallic nanoclusters dispersed in a polymer hydrogel with a 3-D network structure. The reaction catalyzed by the bimetallic nanoclusters has an activation energy of only 34.95 kJ/mol, considerably lower than that by Ni or other metal catalysts reported. A significant synergistic effect was observed in the Ni/Pd bimetallic catalysts (Ni–Pd = 20/1) with a higher activity than Pd or Ni alone. This proves the alloy nature of the nanoparticles in the borane hydrolysis and the activation of water and borane by both metals to break the O–H and B–H bonds. The hydrogel with the Ni/Pd metal can be recycled with a much longer lifetime than all the previously prepared catalysts. The aqueous borane solutions with a polymer hydrogel can become a more sustainable hydrogen supplier for long-term use.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14214647
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 3
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    ATF3-Induced Mammary Tumors Exhibit Molecular Features of Human Basal-Like Breast Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2021-02-26), p. 2353-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 5 ( 2021-02-26), p. 2353-
    Abstract: Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is an aggressive and deadly subtype of human breast cancer that is highly metastatic, displays stem-cell like features, and has limited treatment options. Therefore, developing and characterizing preclinical mouse models with tumors that resemble BLBC is important for human therapeutic development. ATF3 is a potent oncogene that is aberrantly expressed in most human breast cancers. In the BK5.ATF3 mouse model, overexpression of ATF3 in the basal epithelial cells of the mammary gland produces tumors that are characterized by activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Here, we used RNA-Seq and microRNA (miRNA) microarrays to better define the molecular features of BK5.ATF3-derived mammary tumors. These analyses showed that these tumors share many characteristics of human BLBC including reduced expression of Rb1, Esr1, and Pgr and increased expression of Erbb2, Egfr, and the genes encoding keratins 5, 6, and 17. An analysis of miRNA expression revealed reduced levels of Mir145 and Mir143, leading to the upregulation of their target genes including both the pluripotency factors Klf4 and Sox2 as well as the cancer stem-cell-related gene Kras. Finally, we show through knock-down experiments that ATF3 may directly modulate MIR145/143 expression. Taken together, our results indicate that the ATF3 mouse mammary tumor model could provide a powerful model to define the molecular mechanisms leading to BLBC, identify the factors that contribute to its aggressiveness, and, ultimately, discover specific genes and gene networks for therapeutic targeting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052353
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Safety and Viral Shedding of Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) in Chinese Healthy Juveniles and Adults: A Phase Ⅰ Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-10-26), p. 1796-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2022-10-26), p. 1796-
    Abstract: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and viral shedding of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in Chinese healthy juveniles and adults. A total of 80 Eligible volunteers were divided into two age groups (≥18 and 3–17 years old). Volunteers were randomly and equally assigned to the experimental group and placebo-controlled group by ratio of 3:1 in each age group. Vaccination was carried out in steps. Totally, 34 (56.67%) adverse events and 24 (40.00%) adverse reactions of the LAIV group were reported. Most adverse reactions were grade 1 and grade 2, and the incidence of adverse reactions that grade 3 was 5%. The most common local reaction was runny nose/nasal congestion (n = 4, 6.67%). And the most common general reaction was fever (n = 10, 16.67%). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of total adverse reactions, different grades of adverse reactions, and symptoms between the experimental group and placebo-controlled group. No severe adverse events were reported. Three subjects (5.00%) had been detected vaccine strains on the 3rd day after LAIV vaccination; one was type B and the other two were H3N2. Four subjects (6.67%) had been detected with vaccine strains on the 7th day after LAIV vaccination, all were H3N2. There were no subjects detected carrying the influenza virus on the 15th day after vaccination. There were no statistically significant differences in the positive rate of vaccine strains of influenza virus between the experimental group and placebo-controlled group. The vaccine was well tolerated and not associated with increased rates in adverse reactions or the occurrence of severe adverse events. Pathogenicity of shed vaccine virus to surrounding people was not observed. Thus, Phase Ⅱ study can be carried out as scheduled.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111796
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 5
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    Health Risk Assessment of Inhalation Exposure to Airborne Particle-Bound Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban and Suburban Areas of South China
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 23 ( 2022-11-23), p. 15536-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 23 ( 2022-11-23), p. 15536-
    Abstract: Airborne particulates (PM2.5 and TSP) were collected from outdoor and indoor areas at urban (Haizhu District) and suburban (Huadu District) sites from 2019 to 2020 in Guangzhou. Three nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) in the airborne particulates were identified by a gas chromatograph equipped with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. In the Haizhu District and Huadu District, the nitro-PAH concentrations in PM2.5 and TSP did not show a significant decrease from winter to summer. From 2019 to 2020, the difference in the average concentration of nitro-PAHs in PM2.5 and TSP in Guangzhou was relatively low and had no statistical significance. The diagnostic ratios of 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF)/1-nitropyrene (1-NP) in TSP are less than five, while for 2-NF/1-NP in outdoor PM2.5 in the summer of 2019 and 2020 are more than five, which indicates that nitro-PAHs in the atmospheric PM2.5 in Guangzhou during summer mainly originated from the secondary formation of atmospheric photochemical reactions between parent PAHs and oxidants (·OH, NO3, and O3). 9-Nitroanthracene (9-NT) made the most significant contribution to the total nitro-PAH concentration. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCRs) of nitro-PAHs in PM2.5 and TSP by inhalation exposure indicated low potential health risks in the urban-suburban of Guangzhou.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315536
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 6
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    Microbial Lipopeptide-Producing Strains and Their Metabolic Roles under Anaerobic Conditions
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2021-09-25), p. 2030-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2021-09-25), p. 2030-
    Abstract: The lipopeptide produced by microorganisms is one of the representative biosurfactants and is characterized as a series of structural analogues of different families. Thirty-four families covering about 300 lipopeptide compounds have been reported in the last decades, and most of the reported lipopeptides produced by microorganisms were under aerobic conditions. The lipopeptide-producing strains under anaerobic conditions have attracted much attention from both the academic and industrial communities, due to the needs and the challenge of their applications in anaerobic environments, such as in oil reservoirs and in microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR). In this review, the fifty-eight reported bacterial strains, mostly isolated from oil reservoirs and dominated by the species Bacillus subtilis, producing lipopeptide biosurfactants, and the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa, producing glycolipid biosurfactants under anaerobic conditions were summarized. The metabolic pathway and the non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) of the strain Bacillus subtilis under anaerobic conditions were analyzed, which is expected to better understand the key mechanisms of the growth and production of lipopeptide biosurfactants of such kind of bacteria under anaerobic conditions, and to expand the industrial application of anaerobic biosurfactant-producing bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102030
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 7
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    A Light-Mixing Liquid Crystal Lens-Like Cell to Decrease Color Shift and Tune Brightness for Displays
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Crystals Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-31), p. 213-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-31), p. 213-
    Abstract: A tunable light-mixing liquid crystal lens-like cell (LCLC) is proposed to limit color shift and improve the viewing angle performance. The LCLC is attached on a collimated display, which is introduced to avoid the blue shift of OLED or phase difference of LCD. At voltage on-state, the incident light with low color shift is mixed by the LCLC to ensure the low color shift at different viewing angles, the brightness is also diffused to large viewing angles. At voltage off-state, the incident light is invariant after it is transmitted the LCLC. Using LCLC, display can meet more complex requirement owing to the tunable property of brightness distribution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020213
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 8
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    Overview of the Observing System and Initial Scientific Accomplishments of the East Asian VLBI Network (EAVN)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Galaxies Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2022-12-07), p. 113-
    Details
    In: Galaxies, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2022-12-07), p. 113-
    Abstract: The East Asian VLBI Network (EAVN) is an international VLBI facility in East Asia and is operated under mutual collaboration between East Asian countries, as well as part of Southeast Asian and European countries. EAVN currently consists of 16 radio telescopes and three correlators located in China, Japan, and Korea, and is operated mainly at three frequency bands, 6.7, 22, and 43 GHz with the longest baseline length of 5078 km, resulting in the highest angular resolution of 0.28 milliarcseconds at 43 GHz. One of distinct capabilities of EAVN is multi-frequency simultaneous data reception at nine telescopes, which enable us to employ the frequency phase transfer technique to obtain better sensitivity at higher observing frequencies. EAVN started its open-use program in the second half of 2018, providing a total observing time of more than 1100 h in a year. EAVN fills geographical gap in global VLBI array, resulting in enabling us to conduct contiguous high-resolution VLBI observations. EAVN has produced various scientific accomplishments especially in observations toward active galactic nuclei, evolved stars, and star-forming regions. These activities motivate us to initiate launch of the ’Global VLBI Alliance’ to provide an opportunity of VLBI observation with the longest baselines on the earth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4434
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/galaxies10060113
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2691049-4
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  • 9
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    Population Survey Combined with Genomic-Wide Genetic Variation Unravels the Endangered Status of Quercus gilva
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Diversity Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-02-06), p. 230-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-02-06), p. 230-
    Abstract: Since the Anthropocene, biodiversity loss owing to human activity and climate change has worsened. Quercus gilva is an evergreen oak species native to China, Japan, and South Korea and is threatened by a long history of human impact. The purpose of this study was to (1) reassess the threatened category of Q. gilva based on a detailed survey, and (2) identify the genetic structure and diversity of Q. gilva based on genomic data. First, we conducted a detailed survey of the populations in China. Second, we collated all the literature and information. Finally, genome-wide genetic variation was analyzed based on 65 individuals from 22 populations. We found that Q. gilva has suffered rapid population decline, and at present, most populations are very small. The evolutionary path of Q. gilva was from the southwest to east of China and then to Japan and South Korea. Quercus gilva showed no distinct genetic structure and had a relatively low genetic diversity. Among the 22 populations, most populations in southwestern China, South Korea, and Japan had high genetic diversity. The populations in Jingning (Zhejiang province; ZJN), Wuyuan (Jinaxi province; JWY), and Zherong (Fujian province; FZR) suffered a strong bottleneck. In conclusion, Q. gilva is an endangered species native to East Asia. Because of the very low genetic diversity of Q. gilva and most populations are small, we need to (1) strengthen the protection of this species, (2) conduct conservation actions with in-situ reinforcement populations, and (3) select populations with high genetic diversity as provenances for afforestation efforts. Finally, we suggest that in the future, genetic diversity should be considered as the sixth criterion for IUCN to evaluate the threatened category.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d15020230
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518137-3
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  • 10
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    Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Fine Particles and Heart Rate in Northwestern China: Findings from 1.8 Million Adults of the Kashgar Prospective Cohort Study (KPCS)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-02-17), p. 394-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-02-17), p. 394-
    Abstract: Elevated heart rate (HR) can be hypothesized to be involved in the pathways by which ambient air pollution, especially fine particulate matter (PM2.5), causes cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, evidence concerning long-term PM2.5 exposure and HR is still limited. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the associations of PM2.5 with HR levels and tachycardia prevalence and explored potential modifiers of the associations. We used baseline data of 1,802,207 adults from the Kashgar Prospective Cohort Study (KPCS). PM2.5 exposure was assessed based on satellite sensing data, meteorological factors, multi-resolution emission inventory, and measurements from ground-based surface monitors measurements. HR was measured using a calibrated electronic sphygmomanometer, and tachycardia was defined as resting heart rate (RHR) equal to or greater than 80 beats per minute. Linear regression and logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the associations of PM2.5 levels with RHR levels and tachycardia prevalence, respectively. Stratified analyses by sex, age, ethnicity, smoking status, alcohol use, and physical activity were also performed. The mean (standard deviation) age of the study participants was 39.4 (15.5) years old. In the adjusted models, an interquartile range (8.8 µg/m3) increase in PM2.5 levels was associated with 0.515 (95% confidence interval: 0.503–0.526) bpm increase in RHR levels and with 1.062-fold (95% confidence interval: 1.059–1.064) increase in the odds of tachycardia. The results were robust against several sensitivity analyses. In addition, we observed the above associations were stronger in participants that were men, of Uyghur ethnicity, smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, and having physical inactivity, compared to their counterparts. In summary, our findings indicate that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 may be hazardously associated with HR, and women, Uyghur people, and those with unhealthy lifestyles may be more vulnerable to the hazardous effects.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos14020394
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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