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  • MDPI AG  (33)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dielectric Properties of Liquid Crystal Polymer Substrates in the Region from 90 to 140 GHz
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Crystals Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-25), p. 170-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-25), p. 170-
    Abstract: In this article, we present a study of the equivalent dielectric constant of two nematic liquid crystals (LCs) with different thicknesses, in the region from 90 to 140 GHz. The equivalent dielectric constant of the LCs was measured using a frequency selective surface (FSS). The LC-based tunable FSS with 22 × 25 unit cells was printed on a quartz substrate with an area of 4 × 4 cm2 and a thickness of 480 µm; the LC layer with thicknesses ranging from 30 to 100 µm acted as a substrate. The FSS featured a maximum frequency-shifting range of 8.15 GHz and 30 µm-thick LC layers with mutually orthogonal rubbing directions were deposited on it. The results show that the initial equivalent dielectric constant of the LC layer increased with the LC layer thickness, while the saturation-equivalent dielectric constant remained almost constant. This work provides LC parameters that can be useful for the design of LC-based devices in the millimeter and terahertz ranges.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020170
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 2
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    Transcriptomics Dissection of Calorie Restriction and Exercise Training in Brown Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2023-02-20), p. 1047-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2023-02-20), p. 1047-
    Abstract: Calorie restriction (CR) and exercise training (EX) are two critical lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle are two important organs for the generation of heat. Here, we undertook detailed transcriptional profiling of these two thermogenic tissues from mice treated subjected to CR and/or EX. We found transcriptional reprogramming of BAT and skeletal muscle as a result of CR but little from EX. Consistent with this, CR induced alterations in the expression of genes encoding adipokines and myokines in BAT and skeletal muscle, respectively. Deconvolution analysis showed differences in the subpopulations of myogenic cells, mesothelial cells and endogenic cells in BAT and in the subpopulations of satellite cells, immune cells and endothelial cells in skeletal muscle as a result of CR or EX. NicheNet analysis, exploring potential inter-organ communication, indicated that BAT and skeletal muscle could mutually regulate their fatty acid metabolism and thermogenesis through ligands and receptors. These data comprise an extensive resource for the study of thermogenic tissue molecular responses to CR and/or EX in a healthy state.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15041047
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 3
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    Comprehensive Leaf Cell Wall Analysis Using Carbohydrate Microarrays Reveals Polysaccharide-Level Variation between Vitis Species with Differing Resistance to Downy Mildew
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Polymers Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-04-23), p. 1379-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-04-23), p. 1379-
    Abstract: The cell wall acts as one of the first barriers of the plant against various biotic stressors. Previous studies have shown that alterations in wall polysaccharides may influence crop disease resistance. In the grapevine family, several native species (e.g., Chinese wild grapevine) show a naturally higher resistance to microbial pathogens than cultivated species (e.g., Vitis vinifera), and this trait could be inherited through breeding. Despite the importance of the cell wall in plant immunity, there are currently no comprehensive cell wall profiles of grapevine leaves displaying differing resistance phenotypes, due to the complex nature of the cell wall and the limitations of analytical techniques available. In this study, the cutting-edge comprehensive carbohydrate microarray technology was applied to profile uninfected leaves of the susceptible cultivar (Vitis vinifera cv. “Cabernet Sauvignon”), a resistant cultivar (Vitis amurensis cv. “Shuanghong”) and a hybrid offspring cross displaying moderate resistance. The microarray approach uses monoclonal antibodies, which recognize polysaccharides epitopes, and found that epitope abundances of highly esterified homogalacturonan (HG), xyloglucan (with XXXG motif), (galacto)(gluco)mannan and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) appeared to be positively correlated with the high resistance of Vitis amurensis cv. “Shuanghong” to mildew. The quantification work by gas chromatography did not reveal any significant differences for the monosaccharide constituents, suggesting that polysaccharide structural alterations may contribute more crucially to the resistance observed; this is again supported by the contact infrared spectroscopy of cell wall residues, revealing chemical functional group changes (e.g., esterification of pectin). The identification of certain wall polysaccharides that showed alterations could be further correlated with resistance to mildew. Data from the use of the hybrid material in this study have preliminarily suggested that these traits could be inherited and may be applied as potential structural biomarkers in future breeding work.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym13091379
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 4
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    Investigation of the Influence of Temperature and Humidity on the Bandwidth of an Accelerometer
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2021-07-22), p. 860-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2021-07-22), p. 860-
    Abstract: Bandwidth is an important parameter for accelerometers, in some cases, even surpassing sensitivity. However, there are few studies focused on the relationship between bandwidth and environmental conditions in practical application of accelerometers. In this paper, we systematically analyze the influence of environment on the bandwidth of accelerometers, obtaining the amplitude–frequency response curves versus damping ratio and properties of materials, wherein temperature and humidity were found as the two dominant factors that influence the bandwidth of accelerometers. Common temperature and humidity variations can result in bandwidth degradation of about 25% according to our theoretical analysis. The finite element method (FEM) is introduced to verify our theoretical analysis, and the accordance of the FEM simulation results and the theoretical results confirmed the validity of our analysis. Furthermore, a modification design is proposed to compensate for the influence of temperature and humidity on the bandwidth of accelerometers. By choosing materials with an appropriate Young’s modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion, the degradation of the bandwidth was substantially diminished by more than one order of magnitude, which can serve as a strong guide for the future realization of accelerometers with a steady and large bandwidth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi12080860
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 5
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    New BFS Retrieval Technique for Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis Sensor System
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Electronics Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-06-02), p. 1334-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2021-06-02), p. 1334-
    Abstract: In this paper, Gaussian smoothing (GS), non-local means (NLM), and Quaternion Wavelet Transform (QWT) have been described in detail. Furthermore, a Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) experimental system was built to verify the denoising algorithms. The principal and experimental analyses show that the QWT algorithm is a more efficient image denoising method. The results indicate that the GS algorithm can obtain the highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), frequency uncertainty, and Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) accuracy, and can be executed in an imperceptible time, but the GS algorithm has the lowest spatial resolution. After being denoised by using NLM algorithm, although SNR, frequency uncertainty, BFS accuracy, and spatial resolution significantly improved, it takes 40 min to implement the NLM denoising algorithm for a BGS image with 200 × 100,000 points. Processed by the QWT denoising algorithm, although SNR increases to 17.26 dB and frequency uncertainty decreases to 0.24 MHz, a BFS accuracy of only 0.2 MHz can be achieved. Moreover, the spatial resolution is 3 m, which is not affected by the QWT denoising algorithm. It takes less than 32 s to denoise the same raw BGS data. The QWT image denoising technique is suitable for BGS data processing in the BOTDA sensor system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics10111334
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 6
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    SybilHP: Sybil Detection in Directed Social Networks with Adaptive Homophily Prediction
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-04-25), p. 5341-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-04-25), p. 5341-
    Abstract: Worries about the increasing number of Sybils in online social networks (OSNs) are amplified by a range of security issues; thus, Sybil detection has become an urgent real-world problem. Lightweight and limited data-friendly, LBP (Loopy Belief Propagation)-based Sybil-detection methods on the social graph are extensively adopted. However, existing LBP-based methods that do not utilize node attributes often assume a global or predefined homophily strength of edges in the social graph, while different user’s discrimination and preferences may vary, resulting in local homogeneity differences. Another issue is that the existing message-passing paradigm uses the same edge potential when propagating belief to both sides of a directed edge, which does not agree with the trust interaction in one-way social relationships. To bridge these gaps, we present SybilHP, a Sybil-detection method optimized for directed social networks with adaptive homophily prediction. Specifically, we incorporate an iteratively updated edge homophily estimation into the belief propagation to better adapt to the personal preferences of real-world social network users. Moreover, we endow message passing on edges with directionality by a direction-sensitive potential function design. As a result, SybilHP can better capture the local homophily and direction pattern in real-world social networks. Experiments show that SybilHP works with high detection accuracy on synthesized and real-world social graphs. Compared with various state-of-the-art graph-based methods on a large-scale Twitter dataset, SybilHP substantially outperforms existing methods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app13095341
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 7
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    Coordinated Multi-UAV Reconnaissance Scheme for Multiple Targets
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2023-10-02), p. 10920-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2023-10-02), p. 10920-
    Abstract: This study addresses dynamic task allocation challenges in coordinated surveillance involving multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A significant concern is the increased UAV flight distance resulting from the assignment of new missions, leading to decreased reconnaissance efficiency. To tackle this issue, we introduce a collaborative multi-target and multi-UAV reconnaissance scheme. Initially, the multitasking constrained multi-objective optimization framework (MTCOM) is employed to optimize task allocation and reconnaissance time in static scenarios. Subsequently, in case of emergency, we iteratively refine the outcomes of static task allocation through an enhanced auction-based distributed algorithm, effectively reducing UAV flight costs in response to new missions, UAV withdrawal, or damage. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed multi-UAV and multi-target cooperative reconnaissance scheme in resolving dynamic task allocation issues. Additionally, our approach achieves a 5.4% reduction in UAV flight distance compared to traditional allocation methods. The main contribution of this paper is to consider a dynamic scenario model involving UAV damage and the emergence of new reconnaissance areas. Then we propose an innovative collaborative multi-target and multi-UAV reconnaissance scheme to address this issue and, finally, conduct experimental simulations to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app131910920
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 8
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    HCC: RNA-Sequencing in Cirrhosis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-10), p. 141-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-10), p. 141-
    Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks the most common types of cancer worldwide. As the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths, its prognosis remains poor. Most patients developed HCC on the basis of chronic liver disease. Cirrhosis is an important precancerous lesion for HCC. However, the molecular mechanisms in HCC development are still unclear. To explore the changes at the level of transcriptome in this process, we performed RNA-sequencing on cirrhosis, HCC and paracancerous tissues. Continuously changing mRNA was identified using Mfuzz cluster analysis, then their functions were explored by enrichment analyses. Data of cirrhotic HCC patients were obtained from TCGA, and a fatty acid metabolism (FAM)-related prognostic signature was then established. The performance and immunity relevance of the signature were verified in internal and external datasets. Finally, we validated the expression and function of ADH1C by experiments. As a result, 2012 differently expressed mRNA were identified by RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. Fatty acid metabolism was identified as a critical pathway by enrichment analyses of the DEGs. A FAM-related prognostic model and nomogram based on it were efficient in predicting the prognosis of cirrhotic HCC patients, as patients with higher risk scores had shorter survival time. Risk scores calculated by the signature were then proved to be associated with a tumor immune environment. ADH1C were downregulated in HCC, while silence of ADH1C could significantly promote proliferation and motility of the HCC cell line.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom13010141
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 9
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    Design and Experimental Study of Core Bit for Hard Rock Drilling in Deep-Sea
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-02-01), p. 306-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-02-01), p. 306-
    Abstract: The hard rock stratum will seriously affect the efficiency of deep-sea drilling and greatly increase the cost of drilling operations due to its complexity. In ocean drilling operations, the design of the bit is critical. Therefore, the core bit should be able to drill in a variety of formations, especially in hard rock stratum, with the function of reducing the need to change the bit due to formation changes and improving the drilling efficiency. In this paper, three different core bits were designed according to the hard rock stratum of the seabed: the roller bit, diamond bit and bionic bit. According to the test results, it was observed that: (1) It is fully proven that the roller core bit has the characteristics of stable drilling in hard strata, small torque and high drilling efficiency. The same method can realize the core in shallow soft strata through the setting of drilling parameters. (2) For the diamond bit, the field test data show that the new formula diamond bit has a good adaptability to the changing hard rock strata in this area, with an average rate of penetration (ROP) of 4.4 m/h and a bit life of 137.75 m. (3) For the bionic bit, field experiment data showed that drilling in the formation lithology was gray green tuff, which had a core recovery up to 100%. The average ROP was 1.35 m/h, and the highest ROP was 1.88 m/h. The design and experiment of three kinds of drill bits have effectively solved the technical problem of efficient drilling in deep-sea hard-rock stratum.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse11020306
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 10
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    Characterization of a Novel Myrosinase with High Activity from Marine Bacterium Shewanella baltica Myr-37
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 19 ( 2022-09-24), p. 11258-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 19 ( 2022-09-24), p. 11258-
    Abstract: Myrosinase can hydrolyze glucosinolates to generate isothiocyanates, which have cancer prevention and anti-cancer properties. The main sources of myrosinase are cruciferous plants. To further improve the efficiency of isothiocyanates preparation, it is necessary to explore novel sources of myrosinases. In this study, we described a bacterium, Shewanella baltica Myr-37, isolated from marine mud, capable of producing a novel myrosinase (Smyr37) with a molecular weight of 100 kDa. The crude enzyme of Smyr37 showed the highest activity at 50 °C and pH 8.0. The sinigrin- and glucoraphanin-hydrolyzing activities of Smyr37 were 6.95 and 5.87 U/mg, respectively. Moreover, when the reaction temperature was 40 °C and pH was 7.0, the crude enzyme of Smyr37 could efficiently degrade glucoraphanin into sulforaphane within 25 min with a yield of 0.57 mg/mL. The corresponding conversion efficiency of sulforaphane from glucoraphanin was 89%. In summary, S. baltica Myr-37 myrosinase Smyr37, a novel myrosinase, can be used in the preparation of isothiocyanates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911258
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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