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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Enhancing Food Supply Chain in Green Logistics with Multi-Level Processing Strategy under Disruptions
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-04), p. 917-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-04), p. 917-
    Abstract: Food supply chains (FSCs) have long been exposed to environmental variability and shock events caused by various economic, political, and infrastructural factors. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has further exposed and identified the vulnerability of FSCs, and promoted integrated optimization approaches for building resilience. However, existing works focusing on general supply chains (SCs) and FSCs have not been fully aware of the distinct characteristics of FSCs in green logistics, i.e., the expiration of fresh products. In reality, perishable food materials can be processed into products of different processing levels (i.e., multi-level processing) for longer shelf lives, which can serve as a timely and economic strategy to increase safety stocks for mitigating disruption risks. Motivated by this fact, we study the problem of enhancing FSC with a multi-level processing strategy. An integrated location, inventory, and distribution planning model for a multi-echelon FSC under COVID-19-related disruptions is formulated to maximize the total profit over a finite planning horizon. Specifically, a two-stage stochastic programming model is presented to hedge against disruption risks, where scenarios are generated to characterize geographical impact induced by source-region disruptions. For small-scale problems, the model can be solved with commercial solvers. To exactly and efficiently solve the large-scale instances, we design an integer L-shaped method. Numerical experiments are conducted on a case study and randomly generated instances to show the efficiency of our model and solution method. Based on the case study, managerial insights are drawn.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15020917
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    FDDM1 and FDDM2, Two SGS3-like Proteins, Function as a Complex to Affect DNA Methylation in Arabidopsis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Genes Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2022-02-12), p. 339-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2022-02-12), p. 339-
    Abstract: DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification required for the specific regulation of gene expression and the maintenance of genome stability in plants and animals. However, the mechanism of DNA demethylation remains largely unknown. Here, we show that two SGS3-like proteins, FACTOR OF DNA DEMETHYLATION 1 (FDDM1) and FDDM2, negatively affect the DNA methylation levels at ROS1-dependend DNA loci in Arabidopsis. FDDM1 binds dsRNAs with 5′ overhangs through its XS (rice gene X and SGS3) domain and forms a heterodimer with FDDM2 through its XH (rice gene X Homology) domain. A lack of FDDM1 or FDDM2 increased DNA methylation levels at several ROS1-dependent DNA loci. However, FDDM1 and FDDM2 may not have an additive effect on DNA methylation levels. Moreover, the XS and XH domains are required for the function of FDDM1. Taken together, these results suggest that FDDM1 and FDDM2 act as a heterodimer to positively modulate DNA demethylation. Our finding extends the function of plant-specific SGS3-like proteins.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes13020339
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    N-Doped Carbon Nanowire-Modified Macroporous Carbon Foam Microbial Fuel Cell Anode: Enrichment of Exoelectrogens and Enhancement of Extracellular Electron Transfer
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Materials Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2023-12-22), p. 69-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2023-12-22), p. 69-
    Abstract: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance is affected by the metabolic activity of bacteria and the extracellular electron transfer (EET) process. The deficiency of nanostructures on macroporous anode obstructs the enrichment of exoelectrogens and the EET. Herein, a N-doped carbon nanowire-modified macroporous carbon foam was prepared and served as an anode in MFCs. The anode has a hierarchical porous structure, which can solve the problem of biofilm blockage, ensure mass transport, favor exoelectrogen enrichment, and enhance the metabolic activity of bacteria. The microscopic morphology, spectroscopy, and electrochemical characterization of the anode confirm that carbon nanowires can penetrate biofilm, decrease charge resistance, and enhance long-distance electron transfer efficiency. In addition, pyrrolic N can effectively reduce the binding energy and electron transfer distance of bacterial outer membrane hemin. With this hierarchical anode, a maximum power density of 5.32 W/m3 was obtained, about 2.5-fold that of bare carbon cloth. The one-dimensional nanomaterial-modified macroporous anodes in this study are a promising strategy to improve the exoelectrogen enrichment and EET for MFCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma17010069
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
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    Development of SNP, KASP, and SSR Markers by BSR-Seq Technology for Saturation of Genetic Linkage Map and Efficient Detection of Wheat Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene Pm61
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2019-02-11), p. 750-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2019-02-11), p. 750-
    Abstract: The gene Pm61 that confers powdery mildew resistance has been previously identified on chromosome arm 4AL in Chinese wheat landrace Xuxusanyuehuang (XXSYH). To facilitate the use of Pm61 in breeding practices, the bulked segregant analysis-RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) analysis, in combination with the information on the Chinese Spring reference genome sequence, was performed in the F2:3 mapping population of XXSYH × Zhongzuo 9504. Two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), two Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP), and six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, together with previously identified polymorphic markers, saturated the genetic linkage map for Pm61, especially in the proximal side of the target gene that was short of gene-linked markers. In the newly established genetic linkage map, Pm61 was located in a 0.71 cM genetic interval and can be detected in a high throughput scale by the KASP markers Xicsk8 and Xicsk13 or by the standard PCR-based markers Xicscx497 and Xicsx538. The newly saturated genetic linkage map will be useful in molecular marker assisted-selection of Pm61 in breeding for disease resistant cultivar and in its map-based cloning.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030750
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sound Propagation with Undulating Bottom in Shallow Water
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2021-09-15), p. 1010-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2021-09-15), p. 1010-
    Abstract: An undulating bottom in shallow water has a significant effect on sound propagation. An acoustic propagation experiment was carried out in the East China Sea in 2020. Measurements along two separate propagation tracks with flat and undulating bottoms were obtained. Abnormal transmission losses (TLs) were observed along the track with the undulating bottom. By using the parabolic equation model RAM and ray theory, these abnormal TLs and the distribution of the sound field energy were analyzed. Numerical simulations indicate that under the shallow water condition with a negative thermocline and for a high frequency (1000 Hz), the incidence and reflection angles of sound rays on the sea bottom are changed due to the undulating sea bottom. The larger the inclination angle of the undulating bottom, the greater the grazing angle changes. These angles changes lead to different sound propagation paths for the undulating bottom and the flat bottom, resulting in the difference of TLs at a certain distance and depth. The undulating bottom will cause energy convergence in the mixed layer when the source and receiver locate above the thermocline.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse9091010
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Rice β-Glucosidase 4 (Os1βGlu4) Regulates the Hull Pigmentation via Accumulation of Salicylic Acid
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2022-09-13), p. 10646-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 18 ( 2022-09-13), p. 10646-
    Abstract: Salicylic acid (SA) is a stress hormone synthesized in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and the branching acid pathway. SA has two interconvertible forms in plants: SAG (SA O-β-glucoside) and SA (free form). The molecular mechanism of conversion of SA to SAG had been reported previously. However, which genes regulate SAG to SA remained unknown. Here, we report a cytoplasmic β-glucosidase (β-Glu) which participates in the SA pathway and is involved in the brown hull pigmentation in rice grain. In the current study, an EMS-generated mutant brown hull 1 (bh1) displayed decreased contents of SA in hulls, a lower photosynthesis rate, and high-temperature sensitivity compared to the wild type (WT). A plaque-like phenotype (brown pigmentation) was present on the hulls of bh1, which causes a significant decrease in the seed setting rate. Genetic analysis revealed a mutation in LOC_Os01g67220, which encodes a cytoplasmic Os1βGlu4. The knock-out lines displayed the phenotype of brown pigmentation on hulls and decreased seed setting rate comparable with bh1. Overexpression and complementation lines of Os1βGlu4 restored the phenotype of hulls and normal seed setting rate comparable with WT. Subcellular localization revealed that the protein of Os1βGlu4 was localized in the cytoplasm. In contrast to WT, bh1 could not hydrolyze SAG into SA in vivo. Together, our results revealed the novel role of Os1βGlu4 in the accumulation of flavonoids in hulls by regulating the level of free SA in the cellular pool.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810646
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CO2 Capture Membrane for Long-Cycle Lithium-Air Battery
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2023-02-21), p. 2024-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 5 ( 2023-02-21), p. 2024-
    Abstract: Lithium-air batteries (LABs) have attracted extensive attention due to their ultra-high energy density. At present, most LABs are operated in pure oxygen (O2) since carbon dioxide (CO2) under ambient air will participate in the battery reaction and generate an irreversible by-product of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), which will seriously affect the performance of the battery. Here, to solve this problem, we propose to prepare a CO2 capture membrane (CCM) by loading activated carbon encapsulated with lithium hydroxide (LiOH@AC) onto activated carbon fiber felt (ACFF). The effect of the LiOH@AC loading amount on ACFF has been carefully investigated, and CCM has an ultra-high CO2 adsorption performance (137 cm3 g−1) and excellent O2 transmission performance by loading 80 wt% LiOH@AC onto ACFF. The optimized CCM is further applied as a paster on the outside of the LAB. As a result, the specific capacity performance of LAB displays a sharp increase from 27,948 to 36,252 mAh g−1, and the cycle time is extended from 220 h to 310 h operating in a 4% CO2 concentration environment. The concept of carbon capture paster opens a simple and direct way for LABs operating in the atmosphere.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052024
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    RoUIE: A Method for Constructing Knowledge Graph of Power Equipment Based on Improved Universal Information Extraction
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Energies Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2024-05-07), p. 2249-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 10 ( 2024-05-07), p. 2249-
    Abstract: The current state evaluation of power equipment often focuses solely on changes in electrical quantities while neglecting basic equipment information as well as textual information such as system alerts, operation records, and defect records. Constructing a device-centric knowledge graph by extracting information from multiple sources related to power equipment is a valuable approach to enhance the intelligence level of asset management. Through the collection of pertinent authentic datasets, we have established a dataset for the state evaluation of power equipment, encompassing 35 types of relationships. To better suit the characteristics of concentrated relationship representations and varying lengths in textual descriptions, we propose a generative model called RoUIE, which is a method for constructing a knowledge graph of power equipment based on improved Universal Information Extraction (UIE). This model first utilizes a pre-trained language model based on rotational position encoding as the text encoder in the fine-tuning stage. Subsequently, we innovatively leverage the Distribution Focal Loss (DFL) to replace Binary Cross-Entropy Loss (BCE) as the loss function, further enhancing the model’s extraction performance. The experimental results demonstrate that compared to the UIE model and mainstream joint extraction benchmark models, RoUIE exhibits superior performance on the dataset we constructed. On a general Chinese dataset, the proposed model also outperforms baseline models, showcasing the model’s universal applicability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en17102249
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Research on the Equivalent Virtual Space Vector Modulation Output of Diode Clamped N-level Converter under Multi-Modulation Carrier Modulation
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Energies Vol. 13, No. 15 ( 2020-07-24), p. 3803-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 15 ( 2020-07-24), p. 3803-
    Abstract: Diode-clamped multi-level converters have DC-side capacitors in series, which will lead to the unbalance of DC-side capacitor voltage, the distortion of the output waveform, the increase of total harmonic distortion (THD), and even the damage of switching devices, which will make the system inoperable. The proposal of virtual space vector pulse-width modulation (VSVPWM) realizes the balanced control of the capacitor voltage, but when the output level of converter increases, the implementation of VSVPWM becomes very complicated, and the amount of calculation also increases greatly, thus hindering its application in the multi-level circuit. Compared with VSVPWM, the carrier-based pulse-width modulation (CBPWM) is simple to operate and easy to implement. If the equivalent relationship between CBPWM and VSVPWM can be found, the application of VSVPWM can be generalized to any level, and the advantages of VSVPWM can be fully utilized. This paper aims to study the inner relationship of VSVPWM and the multi-modulation carrier CBPWM (MCBPWM). After strict theoretical analysis, the equivalent relationship of VSVPWM and MCBPWM in the three-level and four-level and converter is realized by injecting the zero-sequence component into the modulation waves. Furthermore, the equivalent relationship between VSVPWM and MCBPWM is deduced to the N-level converter. Finally, the correctness of the relevant theoretical analysis is verified by the experiment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en13153803
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Reproductive Outbreaks of Sogatella furcifera Mediated by Overexpression of the Nuclear Receptor USP under Pressure from Triflumezopyrim
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 22 ( 2022-11-09), p. 13769-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 22 ( 2022-11-09), p. 13769-
    Abstract: Long-term pesticide-driven selection pressure is one of the main causes of insect outbreaks. In this study, we found that low doses of triflumezopyrim could increase the fecundity of white-backed planthoppers (Sogatella furcifera). By continuously screening 20 generations with a low dose of triflumezopyrim, a triflumezopyrim-resistant strain (Tri-strain, resistance ratio = 20.9-fold) was obtained. The average oviposition quantity and longevity of the Tri-strain (208.77 eggs and 21.31 days, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the susceptible strain (Sus-strain) (164.62 eggs and 17.85 days, respectively). To better understand the mechanism underlying the effects on reproduction, we detected the expression levels of several reproduction-related transcription factors in both the Tri- and Sus-strains. Ultraspiracle (USP) was significantly overexpressed in the Tri-strain. Knockdown of USP by RNAi severely inhibited the moulting process of S. furcifera and disrupted the development of female adult ovaries. Among the potential downstream target genes of USP, Kr-h1 (0.19-fold), Cht8 (0.56-fold) and GPCR A22 (0.31-fold) showed downregulated expression after USP-RNAi. In contrast, the expression of EcR (2.55-fold), which forms heterodimers with USP, was significantly upregulated. Furthermore, RNAi was performed on Kr-h1 in the Tri-strain, and the results show that larval moulting and the development of female adult ovaries were inhibited, consistent with the USP-RNAi results in S. furcifera. These results suggest that the transcription factors USP and Kr-h1 play important roles in the reproductive development of S. furcifera, and overexpression of USP and Kr-h1 in the Tri-resistant strain may result in reproductive outbreaks of pests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213769
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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