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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rational Design of Binary Alloys for Catalytic Growth of Graphene via Chemical Vapor Deposition
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-11-12), p. 1305-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 11 ( 2020-11-12), p. 1305-
    Abstract: Chemical vapor deposition is the most promising technique for the mass production of high-quality graphene, in which the metal substrate plays a crucial role in the catalytic decomposition of the carbon source, assisting the attachment of the active carbon species, and regulating the structure of the graphene film. Due to some drawbacks of single metal substrates, alloy substrates have gradually attracted attention owing to their complementarity in the catalytic growth of graphene. In this review, we focus on the rational design of binary alloys, such as Cu/Ni, Ni/Mo, and Cu/Si, to control the layer numbers and growth rate of graphene. By analyzing the elementary steps of graphene growth, general principles are summarized in terms of the catalytic activity, metal–carbon interactions, carbon solubility, and mutual miscibility. Several challenges in this field are also put forward to inspire the novel design of alloy catalysts and the synthesis of graphene films bearing desirable properties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal10111305
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 2
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    A Data-Driven Learning-Based Continuous-Time Estimation and Simulation Method for Energy Efficiency and Coulombic Efficiency of Lithium Ion Batteries
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Energies Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2017-04-29), p. 597-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2017-04-29), p. 597-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en10050597
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 3
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    Effects of Experimental Warming and Canada Goldenrod Invasion on the Diversity and Function of the Soil Nematode Community
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2021-11-27), p. 13145-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2021-11-27), p. 13145-
    Abstract: Both global warming and alien plant invasion can affect the biotic communities in the soil. Most studies are focused on the soil microbial community, but little is known about how global warming, along with alien plant invasion, affects the diversity and function of the soil nematode community. In this study, the individual and interactive effects of experimental warming and Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) invasion on soil nematode communities were measured. Experimental air warming, in combination with different levels of S. canadensis invasion, were applied. The results showed that S. canadensis invasion significantly increased chao1, maturity, and structure indexes of the nematode community by 31.44%, 25.57%, and 329.3%, respectively, and decreased the basal index by 48.70% (all p 〈 0.05). Only the Simpson index was affected by the interaction between warming and S. canadensis invasion. Warming enhanced the S. canadensis invasion effect on the soil nematode community. The changes in nematode community were correlated with shifts in nutrient availability and resource stoichiometry, as well as microbes in the soil. These findings demonstrated that global warming and S. canadensis invasion may, directly and indirectly, alter the soil nematode community, which may considerably affect the functioning of underground food webs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su132313145
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 4
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    Study of the Landscape Pattern of Shuiyu Village in Beijing, China: A Comprehensive Analysis of Adaptation to Local Microclimate
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021-12-30), p. 375-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2021-12-30), p. 375-
    Abstract: The paper used technical parameters to investigate optimized solutions to protect the ecological environment and improve the microclimate adaptability among the traditional villages in Beijing. Shuiyu Village was used as a case study to analyze the coupling relationship between landscape patterns and the microclimate of traditional villages, with a focus on the ecological relationship between residents and the microclimate. This study also developed a climate index system, which includes computer numerical simulation and microclimate comprehensive analysis methods. The distinct types of landscape patterns were studied using the system. In addition, this paper studied the adaptive design mechanism in-depth, the form parameters of comfort evaluation controllability, and map expression technology of morphological parameters. The findings of this study include the optimized value of the environment based on landscape pattern and the map through the Rhino modeling platform. An interactive platform was developed, and a parametric-assisted optimization design process for traditional villages in the northern part of China was proposed. Moreover, this study concluded optimized strategies and technical guidelines for future planning of the rural areas in northern China with a goal to protect traditional villages and transform them into smart villages with microclimate adaptability.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14010375
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Pixelated Filter Array for On-Chip Polarized Spectral Detection
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2023-09-23), p. 2624-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 19 ( 2023-09-23), p. 2624-
    Abstract: On-chip multi-dimensional detection systems integrating pixelated polarization and spectral filter arrays are the latest trend in optical detection instruments, showing broad application potential for diagnostic medical imaging and remote sensing. However, thin-film or microstructure-based filter arrays typically have a trade-off between the detection dimension, optical efficiency, and spectral resolution. Here, we demonstrate novel on-chip integrated polarization spectral detection filter arrays consisting of metasurfaces and multilayer films. The metasurfaces with two nanopillars in one supercell are designed to modulate the Jones matrix for polarization selection. The angle of diffraction of the metasurfaces and the optical Fabry–Perot (FP) cavities determine the spectrum’s center wavelength. The polarization spectral filter arrays are placed on top of the CMOS sensor; each array corresponds to one pixel, resulting in high spectral resolution and optical efficiency in the selected polarization state. To verify the methodology, we designed nine-channel polarized spectral filter arrays in a wavelength range of 1350 nm to 1550 nm for transverse electric (TE) linear polarization. The array has a 10 nm balanced spectral resolution and average peak transmission efficiency of over 75%, which is maintained by utilizing lossless dielectric material. The proposed array can be fabricated using overlay e-beam lithography, and the process is CMOS-compatible. The proposed array enables broader applications of in situ on-chip polarization spectral detection with high efficiency and spectral resolution, as well as in vivo imaging systems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano13192624
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Bending 90° Waveguides in Nd:YAG Crystal Fabricated by a Combination of Femtosecond Laser Inscription and Precise Diamond Blade Dicing
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Crystals Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-01-20), p. 188-
    Details
    In: Crystals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-01-20), p. 188-
    Abstract: In this paper, a low-loss 90°-bending design in femtosecond laser-induced double-line waveguides is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The bending is realized based on the total internal reflection of a corner mirror (made by precise diamond blade dicing) located at the intersection of a pair of waveguides perpendicular to each other. The waveguide bending performance was birefringence free, with the insertion loss of each bending below 0.8 dB. This method provides great flexibility and has great potential for the design of integrated photonics based on femtosecond laser-inscribed crystalline materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4352
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cryst13020188
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661516-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of a Hydrogen-Sulfide-Releasing Isochroman-4-One Hybrid as a Cardioprotective Candidate for the Treatment of Cardiac Hypertrophy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 13 ( 2022-06-27), p. 4114-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 13 ( 2022-06-27), p. 4114-
    Abstract: Cardiac pathological hypertrophy is associated with undesirable epigenetic changes and causes maladaptive cardiac remodeling and heart failure, leading to high mortality rates. Specific drugs for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy are still in urgent need. In the present study, a hydrogen-sulfide-releasing hybrid 13-E was designed and synthesized by appending p-hydroxythiobenzamide (TBZ), an H2S-releasing donor, to an analog of our previously discovered cardioprotective natural product XJP, 7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-isochromanone-4. This hybrid 13-E exhibited excellent H2S-generating ability and low cellular toxicity. The 13-E protected against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy In Vitro and reduced the induction of Anp and Bnp. More importantly, 13-E could reduce TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy In Vivo, alleviate cardiac interstitial fibrosis and restore cardiac function. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis showed that 13-E regulated the AMPK signaling pathway and influenced fatty acid metabolic processes, which may be attributed to its cardioprotective activities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134114
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Spatio-Temporal Variation in Mountainous Landscape Changes: A Case Study of Shizhu County
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2019-04-10), p. 2131-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2019-04-10), p. 2131-
    Abstract: The study of dynamic changes and spatial variation of landscape patterns is important to deeply understand the relationship between human activities and the natural environment. We selected a typical mountain area, Shizhu County, as the study area and analyzed the landscape’s dynamic changes and spatial variation in that area from 2000–2015. The results showed that cropland and forestland were the dominant landscape types in the study area. Cropland and grassland areas decreased, being mainly converted to forestland. Forestland and built-up land areas were increasing; the increase in built-up land was mainly due to the invasion into cropland areas, and the increase in forestland was mainly due to the conversion of cropland and grassland. Water bodies were affected by factors such as water storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir, and their area continued to increase. The change in landscape was most dramatic from 2005–2010, mainly due to the rapid increase in the areas of built-up land and water bodies and the rapid decrease in grassland area. There were apparent spatial variations in landscape distribution, patterns, and dynamic changes. Although water bodies were mainly distributed in the relatively gentle slope areas with an elevation of less than 200 m and a slope of 0°–6°, other landscapes were concentrated at an elevation higher than 500 m, a slope of 15°–35°, with a westerly or northwesterly aspect. These areas also had the most drastic landscape changes. At the type-level and the landscape-level, landscape indices showed greater variation with elevation and slope than with aspect. Finally, the variations with elevation, slope, and aspect differed among different landscape types.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su11072131
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 9
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    Plasma Metabolic Profiling Analysis of Gout Party on Acute Gout Arthritis Rats Based on UHPLC–Q–TOF/MS Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 22 ( 2019-11-15), p. 5753-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 22 ( 2019-11-15), p. 5753-
    Abstract: Gout Party is a Chinese medicine prescription composed of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparaia, Aconiti Radix Cocta, Cremastrae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus, Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, which can relieve joint pain caused by gouty arthritis (GA) and rheumatoid, and has a therapeutic effect on acute gouty arthritis (AGA). However, little information is available on the molecular biological basis and therapeutic mechanism of Gout Party for the treatment of AGA. AGA model was established by injecting sodium urate, and colchicine served as a positive control drug. We established a metabolomic method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC–Q–TOF/MS) to analyze the plasma samples of model group rats and blank group rats. Multiple statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), were used to examine metabolite profile changes in plasma samples. Finally, we identified 2–ketobutyric acid, 3–hexenedioic acid, but–2–enoic acid, and so on; 22 endogenous metabolites associated with AGA. After successful molding, we found that 2–ketobutyric acid, 3–hexenedioic acid, but–2–enoic acid, argininic acid, galactonic acid, lactic acid, equol 4′–O–glucuronide, deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate, glycocholic acid, sphinganine 1–phosphate, LPE (0:0/20:3), LPE (0:0/16:0), LPC (15:0) decreased significantly (p 〈 0.05 or p 〈 0.01), alanine, erythrulose, 3–dehydrocarnitine, m–methylhippuric acid, 3–hydroxyoctanoic acid, p–cresol sulfate, estriol 3–sulfate 16–glucuronide, 10–hydroxy–9–(phosphonooxy)octadecenoate, docosahexaenoic acid increased significantly (p 〈 0.05 or p 〈 0.01). After Gout Party treatment, 14 biomarkers had a tendency to normal conditions. These above biomarkers were mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism pathways. These results suggested that Gout Party exerted therapeutic effects of treating AGA by improving energy metabolism disorder and amino acid metabolism dysfunction, and attenuating fatty acid metabolism abnormal and inflammation. The results of this experiment provided a reference for revealing the metabolic mechanism produced by Gout Party in the treatment of AGA, but the subsequent studies need to be further improved and supported by relevant cell experiments and clinical experiments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225753
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Effects of β-glucosidase and α-rhamnosidase on the Contents of Flavonoids, Ginkgolides, and Aroma Components in Ginkgo Tea Drink
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Molecules Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2019-05-25), p. 2009-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 10 ( 2019-05-25), p. 2009-
    Abstract: Ginkgo tea is a kind of health food produced from Ginkgo biloba leaves. The market of Ginkgo tea encountered many difficulties because of its bad palatability and vague function statement. In this study, two kinds of glycosidase were used to improve the flavor of Ginkgo tea, and three kinds of bioactivities were selected to investigate the health care function of the tea infusion. The aroma components extracted by headspace absorb (HSA) method during the making of Ginkgo tea were analyzed by GC-MS. The flavonoids and ginkgolides released into the tea infusion were studied by HPLC. A combination of β-glucosidase (β-G) and α-rhamnosidase (α-R) was applied during the making of the tea. The contents of characteristic aroma components and the release of total flavonoids and ginkgolides were increased significantly by adding β-G and α-R. The composition of flavone glycosides was changed greatly. The free radical scavenging, inhibition of inflammatory cell activation, and tumor cytotoxicity activities of the tea were demonstrably improved. According to the release of active components, Ginkgo tea can be brewed repeatedly for at least three times. The enzymes used here show potential application prospects in the making of Ginkgo tea or tea drink to get higher contents of flavonoids, ginkgolides, and aroma components.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102009
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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