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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Dispersion Management in 10-PW Laser Front End
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Optics Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 2020-07-15), p. 191-201
    Details
    In: Optics, MDPI AG, Vol. 1, No. 2 ( 2020-07-15), p. 191-201
    Abstract: To improve pulse contrast in chirped pulse amplification petawatt laser systems, the regenerative amplifier is substituted with a multipass amplifier at the Shanghai Superintense Ultrafast Laser Facility (SULF). To reduce the consequent angular dispersion of the broadband spectrum, a double-grating stretcher is established in the SULF front end. A grating compressor is set up for the 10-PW front end to obtain 20-TW output. An accurate adjustment method of grating attitude (angular position) is presented, which references the direction of gravity, improving dispersion management and focusing ability of the beam. After a pulse passes the front end compressor, its duration and phase in the frequency domain are measured, and the duration can be continuously compressed to 〈 24 fs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-3269
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/opt1020015
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3019978-5
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    Association Analysis and Meta-Analysis of Multi-Allelic Variants for Large-Scale Sequence Data
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Genes Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2020-05-25), p. 586-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2020-05-25), p. 586-
    Abstract: There is great interest in understanding the impact of rare variants in human diseases using large sequence datasets. In deep sequence datasets of 〉 10,000 samples, ~10% of the variant sites are observed to be multi-allelic. Many of the multi-allelic variants have been shown to be functional and disease-relevant. Proper analysis of multi-allelic variants is critical to the success of a sequencing study, but existing methods do not properly handle multi-allelic variants and can produce highly misleading association results. We discuss practical issues and methods to encode multi-allelic sites, conduct single-variant and gene-level association analyses, and perform meta-analysis for multi-allelic variants. We evaluated these methods through extensive simulations and the study of a large meta-analysis of ~18,000 samples on the cigarettes-per-day phenotype. We showed that our joint modeling approach provided an unbiased estimate of genetic effects, greatly improved the power of single-variant association tests among methods that can properly estimate allele effects, and enhanced gene-level tests over existing approaches. Software packages implementing these methods are available online.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes11050586
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
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    Co-Exposure of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phthalates with Blood Cell-Based Inflammation in Early Pregnant Women
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Toxics Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2023-09-25), p. 810-
    Details
    In: Toxics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2023-09-25), p. 810-
    Abstract: Cumulative evidence has demonstrated that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or phthalates (PAEs) contributes to a variety of adverse health effects. However, the association of PAHs and PAEs co-exposure with blood cell-based inflammatory indicators during early pregnancy is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the single and mixed associations of exposure to PAHs and PAEs with blood cell-based inflammatory indicators among early pregnant women. A total of 318 early pregnant women were included in this study. General linear regressions were used to estimate the relationships of individual OH-PAHs and mPAEs with blood cell-based inflammatory indicators. The key pollutants were selected by an adapted least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized regression model and wasemployed to build the Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and quantile g-computation (Q-g) models, which can assess the joint association of OH-PAHs and mPAEs with blood cell-based inflammatory indicators. General linear regression indicated that each 1% increase in MOP was associated with a 4.92% (95% CI: 2.12%, 7.68%), 3.25% (95% CI: 0.50%, 6.18%), 5.87% (95% CI: 2.22%, 9.64%), and 6.50% (95% CI: 3.46%, 9.64%) increase in WBC, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes, respectively. BKMR and Q-g analysis showed that the mixture of OH-PAHs and mPAEs was linked with increased levels of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, and MOP was identified as the dominant contributor. OH-PAHs and mPAEs co-exposure in early pregnancy was associated with elevated blood cell-based inflammatory indicators reactions. More attention should be paid to the inflammation induced by environmental pollution for perinatal women, especially early pregnant women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2305-6304
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100810
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2733883-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Film with Poly(p-aminothiophenol) Outer Layer Coated on Gold Nanoparticles Inner Layer for Highly Sensitive and Selective Sensing Paraoxon
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Polymers Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2017-08-12), p. 359-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2017-08-12), p. 359-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym9080359
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    Intraocular siRNA Delivery Mediated by Penetratin Derivative to Silence Orthotopic Retinoblastoma Gene
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-02-23), p. 745-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-02-23), p. 745-
    Abstract: Gene therapy brings a ray of hope for inherited ocular diseases that may cause severe vision loss and even blindness. However, due to the dynamic and static absorption barriers, it is challenging to deliver genes to the posterior segment of the eye by topical instillation. To circumvent this limitation, we developed a penetratin derivative (89WP)-modified polyamidoamine polyplex to deliver small interference RNA (siRNA) via eye drops to achieve effective gene silencing in orthotopic retinoblastoma. The polyplex could be spontaneously assembled through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, as demonstrated by isothermal titration calorimetry, and enter cells intactly. In vitro cellular internalization revealed that the polyplex possessed higher permeability and safety than the lipoplex composed of commercial cationic liposomes. After the polyplex was instilled in the conjunctival sac of the mice, the distribution of siRNA in the fundus oculi was significantly increased, and the bioluminescence from orthotopic retinoblastoma was effectively inhibited. In this work, an evolved cell-penetrating peptide was employed to modify the siRNA vector in a simple and effective way, and the formed polyplex interfered with intraocular protein expression successfully via noninvasive administration, which showed a promising prospect for gene therapy for inherited ocular diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030745
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
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    Negative Ion Purifier Effects on Indoor Particulate Dosage to Small Airways
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2021-12-27), p. 264-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2021-12-27), p. 264-
    Abstract: Indoor air quality is an important health factor as we spend more than 80% of our time indoors. The primary type of indoor pollutant is particulate matter, high levels of which increase respiratory disease risk. Therefore, air purifiers are a common choice for addressing indoor air pollution. Compared with traditional filtration purifiers, negative ion air purifiers (NIAPs) have gained popularity due to their energy efficiency and lack of noise. Although some studies have shown that negative ions may offset the cardiorespiratory benefits of air purifiers, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we conducted a full-scale experiment using an in vitro airway model connected to a breathing simulator to mimic inhalation. The model was constructed using computed tomography scans of human airways and 3D-printing technology. We then quantified the effects of NIAPs on the administered dose of 0.5–2.5 μm particles in the small airway. Compared with the filtration purifier, the NIAP had a better dilution effect after a 1-h exposure and the cumulative administered dose to the small airway was reduced by 20%. In addition, increasing the negative ion concentration helped reduce the small airway exposure risk. NIAPs were found to be an energy-efficient air purification intervention that can effectively reduce the small airway particle exposure when a sufficient negative ion concentration is maintained.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010264
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 7
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    Recent Progress on the Functionalization of Endohedral Metallofullerenes
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Inorganics Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2023-08-21), p. 346-
    Details
    In: Inorganics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2023-08-21), p. 346-
    Abstract: Functionalization of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) plays an important role in exploring the reactivity of EMFs and stabilizing missing EMFs, thus conferring tunable properties and turning EMFs into applicable materials. In this review, we present exhaustive progress on the functionalization of EMFs since 2019. Classic functionalization reactions include Prato reactions, Bingel–Hirsch reactions, radical addition reactions, carbene addition reactions, and so on are summarized. And new complicated multi-component reactions and other creative reactions are presented as well. We also discuss the structural features of derivatives of EMFs and the corresponding reaction mechanisms to understand the reactivity and regioselectivity of EMFs. In the end, we make conclusions and put forward an outlook on the prospect of the functionalization of EMFs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-6740
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11080346
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2735043-5
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  • 8
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    Extraction Optimization and Evaluation of the Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Hangju
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2020-01-09), p. 59-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2020-01-09), p. 59-
    Abstract: In order to evaluate the antioxidant and α-glucosidase activities of polysaccharides from Chrysanthemum morifolium cv. Hangju (CMPs), the response surface methodology was applied to optimize the parameters for extraction progress of CMPs by ultrasound, with heat reflex extraction (HRE) performed as the control. The difference in the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides obtained by the two methods were also investigated. The maximum yields (8.29 ± 0.18%) of polysaccharides extracted by ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) were obtained under the optimized conditions of ultrasonic power 501 W, extraction time 19 min, and ratio of liquid-to-raw material 41 mL/g. Polysaccharides extracted by UAE possessed lower protein contents (2.56%) and higher uronic acids contents (7.08%) and low molecular weight fractions than that by HRE. No significant differences were found in monosaccharide composition and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of polysaccharides extracted by UAE and HRE, while polysaccharides by UAE possessed stronger antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Therefore, UAE was an efficient way to obtain CMPs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010059
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
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    Metagenomic Study on Chinese Homemade Paocai: The Effects of Raw Materials and Fermentation Periods on the Microbial Ecology and Volatile Components
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-12-28), p. 62-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-12-28), p. 62-
    Abstract: “Chinese paocai” is typically made by fermenting red radish or cabbage with aged brine (6–8 w/w). This study aimed to reveal the effects of paocai raw materials on fermentation microorganisms by metagenomics sequencing technology, and on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy, using red radish or cabbage fermented for six rounds with aged brine. The results showed that in the same fermentation period, the microbial diversity in cabbage was higher than that in red radish. Secundilactobacillus paracollinoides and Furfurilactobacillus siliginis were the characteristic bacteria in red radish paocai, whereas 15 species of characteristic microbes were found in cabbage. Thirteen kinds of VOCs were different between the two raw materials and the correlation between the microorganisms and VOCs showed that cabbage paocai had stronger correlations than radish paocai for the most significant relationship between 4-isopropylbenzyl alcohol, α-cadinol, terpinolene and isobutyl phenylacetate. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for understanding the microbiota and their relation to the characteristic flavors of the fermented paocai.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11010062
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 10
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    Incorporation of Lipids into Wheat Bran Cellulose/Wheat Gluten Composite Film Improves Its Water Resistance Properties
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Membranes Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-12-24), p. 18-
    Details
    In: Membranes, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-12-24), p. 18-
    Abstract: This work evaluated the improvement effects of lipids incorporation on water resistance of composite biodegradable film prepared with wheat bran cellulose/wheat gluten (WBC/WG) using an alkaline–ethanol film forming system. Four types of lipids, paraffin wax (PW), beeswax (BW), paraffin oil (PO), and oleic acid (OA), were tested. We found that PW, BW, and PO incorporation at 5–20% improved water vapor permeability (WVP) and surface hydrophobicity of prepared films. Particularly, incorporation of 15% BW could best improve the water resistance properties of the film, with the lowest WVP of 0.76 × 10−12 g/cm·s·Pa and largest water contact angle (WCA) of 86.18°. Incorporation of OA led to the decline in moisture barrier properties. SEM images revealed that different lipids incorporation changed the morphology and of the composite film, and cross-sectional morphology indicated BW-incorporated film obtained more uniform and compact structures compared to other films. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated that the incorporation of PW or BW enhanced the molecular interactions between the film components, confirmed by the chemical shift of characteristic peaks at 3277 and 1026 cm−1. Differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that incorporation of PW, BW, and PO increased films’ melting point, decomposition temperatures, and enthalpy values. Furthermore, the presence of most lipids decreased tensile strength and elongation at the break of the film. Overall, the composite film containing 15% BW obtained the most promising water resistance performance and acceptable mechanical properties, and it thus most suitable as a hydrophobic biodegradable material for food packaging.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0375
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010018
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2614641-1
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