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  • MDPI AG  (309)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Power Enhancement of 265 nm DUV-LED Flip-Chip by HVPE-AlN High-Temperature Annealing
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-02-17), p. 467-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2023-02-17), p. 467-
    Abstract: In this paper, the X-ray diffraction full width at half the maximum (XRD FWHM) of a 3.5 µm-thick hydride vapor phase epitaxy-aluminum nitride (HVPE-AlN) (002) face after high-temperature annealing was reduced to 129 arcsec. The tensile strain in the HVPE-AlN samples gradually released with the increasing annealing temperature. When the annealing temperature exceeded 1700 °C, an aluminum oxynitride (AlON) region was generated at the contact interface between HVPE-AlN and sapphire, and the AlON structure was observed to conform to the characteristics of Al5O6N by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). A 265 nm light-emitting diode (LED) based on an HVPE-AlN template annealed at 1700 °C achieved a light output power (LOP) of 4.48 mW at 50 mA, which was approximately 57% greater than that of the original sample.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi14020467
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mathematical Modelling and Simulation Research of Thermal Engraving Technology Based on PMMA Material
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2016-02-26), p. 37-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2016-02-26), p. 37-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi7030037
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
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    Miscible Organic Solvents Soak Bonding Method Use in a PMMA Multilayer Microfluidic Device
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2014-12-10), p. 1416-1428
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 2014-12-10), p. 1416-1428
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi5041416
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 4
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    A Non-Photolithography Fabrication for a Microfluidic Chip Based on PMMA Polymer
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Machines Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2015-05-21), p. 107-122
    Details
    In: Machines, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2015-05-21), p. 107-122
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1702
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/machines3020107
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704328-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
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    Development and Applications of an In Situ Probe for Multi-Element High-Resolution Measurement at Soil/Sediment-Water Interface and Rice Rhizosphere
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-11-24), p. 2383-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-11-24), p. 2383-
    Abstract: The biogeochemistry of multi-elements, such as sulfur (S), phosphorus (P) and arsenic (As), is interlinked especially at interfaces of soil/sediment–water and plant rhizosphere. To explore the biogeochemical behavior of multi-elements such as S-P-As at interfaces, an in situ and high-resolution technology is required. In this study, we developed an in situ probe (LDHs-DGT) based on the diffusive gradients in thin-films technique using a single binding layer to realize the co-measurement of multi-elements including sulfide and oxyanions. Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized and incorporated into the probe’s binding layer. Laboratorial characterization showed that the LDHs-DGT probe had a high capacity for sulfide, phosphate and arsenate and can effectively determine their levels across a wide range of solution conditions, i.e., pH from 5 to 8 and ionic strengths from 0.005–0.01 mol L−1 NaNO3. The application potential of the LDHS-DGT probe in capturing the concentration profiles of sulfide and oxyanions across the soil/sediment–water interface at a centimeter scale was demonstrated. The synchronous co-variations of labile sulfide and phosphate were observed along an intact river sediment core, demonstrating the redox driven behaviors of oxyanions at aerobic–anaerobic transition zones. Moreover, the LDHS-DGT probe was further used to acquire the dynamic distributions of multi-elements in the plant rhizosphere at a two-dimensional millimeter scale. Compared to treatments of sodium sulfate and mercaptopygorskite fertilization, the addition of elementary S promoted the reduction of sulfate to sulfide along the whole growth stage and thus inhibited the activation of toxic metals in the rice rhizosphere. Collectively, this study provides a tool for convenient measurement of nutrients and metal(loid)s across soil–water/root interfaces at high resolution and thus, a broad application prospect of the tool in sustainable agriculture is expected.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11122383
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
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    Cryogenic 3D Printing of w/o Pickering Emulsions Containing Bifunctional Drugs for Producing Hierarchically Porous Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds with Antibacterial Capability
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 17 ( 2022-08-27), p. 9722-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 17 ( 2022-08-27), p. 9722-
    Abstract: How to fabricate bone tissue engineering scaffolds with excellent antibacterial and bone regeneration ability has attracted increasing attention. Herein, we produced a hierarchical porous β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polycaprolactone composite bone tissue engineering scaffold containing tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) through a micro-extrusion-based cryogenic 3D printing of Pickering emulsion inks, in which the hydrophobic silica (h-SiO2) nanoparticles were used as emulsifiers to stabilize composite Pickering emulsion inks. Hierarchically porous scaffolds with desirable antibacterial properties and bone-forming ability were obtained. Grid scaffolds with a macroscopic pore size of 250.03 ± 75.88 μm and a large number of secondary micropores with a diameter of 24.70 ± 15.56 μm can be fabricated through cryogenic 3D printing, followed by freeze-drying treatment, whereas the grid structure of scaffolds printed or dried at room temperature was discontinuous, and fewer micropores could be observed on the strut surface. Moreover, the impartment of β-TCP in scaffolds changed the shape and density of the micropores but endowed the scaffold with better osteoconductivity. Scaffolds loaded with TCH had excellent antibacterial properties and could effectively promote the adhesion, expansion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells afterward. The scaffolds loaded with TCH could realize the strategy to “kill bacteria first, then induce osteogenesis”. Such hierarchically porous scaffolds with abundant micropores, excellent antibacterial property, and improved bone-forming ability display great prospects in treating bone defects with infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179722
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Genome-Wide Identification, Expression Analysis, and Subcellular Localization of Carthamus tinctorius bHLH Transcription Factors
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 12 ( 2019-06-21), p. 3044-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 12 ( 2019-06-21), p. 3044-
    Abstract: The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) family is the second largest superfamily of transcription factors that belongs to all three eukaryotic kingdoms. The key function of this superfamily is the regulation of growth and developmental mechanisms in plants. However, the bHLH gene family in Carthamus tinctorius has not yet been studied. Here, we identified 41 bHLH genes in Carthamus tinctorius that were classified into 23 subgroups. Further, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis and identified 10 conserved protein motifs found in the safflower bHLH family. We comprehensively analyzed a group of bHLH genes that could be associated with flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower by gene expression analysis, gene ontology annotation, protein interaction network prediction, subcellular localization of the candidate CtbHLH40 gene, and real-time quantitative expression analysis. This study provides genome-wide identification of the genes related to biochemical and physiological processes in safflower.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123044
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Degradability and Properties of PBAT-Based Biodegradable Mulch Films in Field and Their Effects on Cotton Planting
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Polymers Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-08-02), p. 3157-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 15 ( 2022-08-02), p. 3157-
    Abstract: Biodegradable mulches (BDMs) are considered promising alternative green materials to achieve the substitution of polythene (PE) films to reduce plastic pollution. However, whether the BDMs are sufficiently effective to promote cotton production as PE film is a controversial topic. In this study, laboratory determination and field experiments were conducted with one pure Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) film (BDM), two commercial PBAT-based films (BDM1 and BDM2), and one PE film to (ⅰ) compare the degradation behavior, morphology, and property changes during field application, and (ⅱ) reveal their effects on biomass accumulation and cotton yield. Degradation behavior, degradation rate, structure, thermal stability, crystallinity, and molecular weight changes of the films before and after mulching were investigated and characterized. Water vapor transmission rate and mechanical properties of the films and the effects these on soil temperature, crop growth, and cotton yield were discussed. Results show that the three PBAT-based mulch films gradually degraded during mulching. The molecular weight, thermal stability, and crystallinity of BDM1 and BDM2 decreased. Interestingly, BDM showed the opposite characteristics, but the degradation degree was greatest at harvest. PE film showed no significant changes in its microscopic appearance, thermal performance, or properties. These PBAT-based films were positively correlated with the complete coverage period of the films. In-depth studies focused on BDMs with a longer mulching period must be developed to promote the substitution of BDMs into PE to reduce the residual mulch pollution in cotton fields.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym14153157
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 9
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    Investigation of Heavy-Duty Vehicle Chassis Dynamometer Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions Based on a Binning-Reconstruction Model Using Real-Road Data
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-03-09), p. 528-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-03-09), p. 528-
    Abstract: Global warming is directly related to heavy-duty vehicle fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (CO2 mainly) emissions, which, in China, are certified on the vehicle chassis dynamometer. Currently, vast amounts of vehicle real-road data from the portable emission measurement system (PEMS) and remote monitoring are being collected worldwide. In this study, a binning-reconstruction calculation model is proposed, to predict the chassis dynamometer fuel consumption and CO2 emissions with real-road data, regardless of operating conditions. The model is validated against chassis dynamometer and PEMS test results, and remote monitoring data. Furthermore, based on the proposed model, the fuel consumption levels of 1408 heavy-duty vehicles in China are analyzed, to evaluate the challenge to meet the upcoming China fourth stage fuel consumption limits. For accumulated fuel consumption based on the on-board diagnostic (OBD) data stream, a predictive relative error less than 5% is expected for the present model. For bag sampling results, the proposed model’s accuracy is expected to be within 10%. The average relative errors between the average fuel consumption and the China fourth stage limits are about 3%, 8%, and 0.7%, for current trucks, tractors, and dump trucks, respectively. The urban operating condition, with lower vehicle speeds, is the main challenge for fuel consumption optimization.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos14030528
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 10
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    Study on the Behavior of Assembled T-Shaped Aluminum Alloy Specimens under Axial Compression
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Metals Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-05-09), p. 919-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-05-09), p. 919-
    Abstract: Assembled T-shaped aluminum alloy components represent a new type of structural member in aluminum alloy structures with broad application prospects. In this study, axial compression tests were carried out on 32 aluminum alloy components, considering parameters such as the cross-sectional type and slenderness ratio of the components, to obtain the ultimate bearing capacity and failure mode of the members. The test results show that, for the equilateral assembled T-shaped aluminum alloy components with obvious strong and weak axes, bending instability was most common, and local buckling of the plate occurred when the slenderness ratio of the component was relatively small. For the unequal T-shaped aluminum alloy structures without an obvious strong or weak axis, torsional buckling instability occurred, accompanied by local deformation of the connecting limbs due to mutual compression. A verified finite element model was also established. Based on this model, a parametric analysis was conducted to study the influence of parameters such as initial defects, slenderness ratio, and cross-sectional type on the axial compressive bearing capacity of the assembled T-shaped aluminum alloy components. The experimental and numerical results were then compared with Chinese and European standards, revealing that the standard calculation methods tend to be unsafe. Finally, the calculation parameters for component defects in Chinese and European standards were revised.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met13050919
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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