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  • MDPI AG  (48)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2017-06-02), p. 928-
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2017-06-02), p. 928-
    Abstract: This paper presents the concept of the generalized power source in an active distribution network. After the energy storage system (ESS), distributed generators (DG), and demand-side controllable load are connected to the active distribution network, part of the system load can be undertaken by these ESS, DG, and controllable load instead of relying on the capacity of the substation, which greatly improves the reliability of the system. The above-mentioned distributed energy resources in the active distribution network are collectively referred to as the generalized power source (GPS). Substation credible capacity refers to the capacity of the GPS to supply the distribution network that is equivalent at the high voltage distribution network level when considering the faults of the main transformer, 110 kV lines, and circuit breakers. Considering the uncertainties and control strategies of GPS, this paper takes a specific distribution area as the background to study its substituted substation capacity. Based on a sequential Monte Carlo evaluation framework and the principle of constant reliability, an evaluation method of the GPS credible capacity is proposed. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper, the credible capacity of various typical connection modes of a high voltage distribution network is quantitatively analyzed in the case study, which can provide a reference for the capacity planning of an active distribution network substation and grid structure selection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 2
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2017-06-21), p. 1080-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2017-12-06), p. 1265-
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2017-12-06), p. 1265-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 4
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2022-03-19), p. 2281-
    Abstract: Wire mesh is a common material for bolt mesh supporting structures, but its application in engineering has revealed many defects. At the same time, with the development of new materials for civil engineering, the new material mesh performance and cost show outstanding advantages over wire mesh. In this paper, the feasibility of replacing wire mesh with steel-plastic geogrid as an alternative material is carefully studied through indoor tests and field applications. The following conclusions were drawn from a comparative analysis with wire mesh, mainly in terms of mechanical properties, engineering characteristics, and construction techniques: (1) in terms of mesh wire strength, wire mesh is slightly better than steel-plastic geogrid, but in the case of similar tensile strength, the amount of steel used per unit length of steel geogrid bars is only 36.75% of that of steel-plastic geogrid, while the tensile strength of the high-strength steel wire attached to the steel-plastic geogrid belt is about 3.3 times that of steel bars; (2) in terms of junction peel strength, both values are similar, with the injection-moulded junction being 1154.56–1224.38 N and the welded junction of 4 mm mesh being 988.35 N; (3) in terms of the strength of the mesh, steel-plastic geogrid is better than wire mesh, and with the same mesh wire strength, the bearing capacity of steel-plastic geogrid is increased by about 63.17% and the contribution of the mesh wire bearing capacity is increased by 83.66%, with the damage mainly being in the form of wire breakage in the ribbon causing ribbon failure, leading to further damage to the mesh; (4) in terms of the engineering application of steel-plastic geogrid compared to wire mesh, the utilization rate of mesh increases by about 24.99%, the construction efficiency increases by about 14.10%, and the economic benefit increases by about 45.31%. In practical application, the steel-plastic geogrid has good adhesion with surrounding rock and strong corrosion resistance. According to the above research analysis, the steel-plastic geogrid is feasible to replace the wire mesh for bolt mesh supporting.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 5
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-02-28), p. 1188-
    Abstract: Canopy cover is an important indicator and commonly used in forest management applications. Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicle (UAV)—Borne Laser Scanning (ULS) has drawn increasing attention as a new alternative source for forest field inventory due to its spatial resolution comparable to that of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). In this study, the performance of plot canopy cover estimations from ULS and TLS is investigated. The experiment was conducted in 16 plots from two Pinus massoniana forests with different stand conditions in Guangxi, China. Both the Canopy Height Model (CHM)-based and Individual Tree Delineation (ITD)-based methods were used to estimate the canopy cover. The influence of CHM pixel sizes on the estimations was also analyzed. Our results demonstrated that the accuracies of ULS (R2: 0.992–0.996, RMSE: 0.591–0.820%) were better than those of TLS (R2: 0.541–0.846, RMSE: 3.642–6.297%) when compared against the reference. The average difference between the ULS and TLS estimations was 6.91%, and the disagreement increased as the forest complexity increased. The reasonable CHM pixel sizes for the canopy cover estimations were 0.07–1.2 m for ULS and 0.07–1.5 m for TLS. This study can provide useful information for the selection of data sources and estimation methods in plot canopy cover mapping.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 6
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2019-06-05), p. 860-
    Abstract: Accelerating degradation of prodrug is an effective strategy for improving the pharmacological action. A photocleavable amphiphilic prodrug of methotrexate-coumarin derivative-PEG conjugates (MTX-AMC-PEG) with photo-triggered breakage to release clinical drug under laser irradiation was fabricated and self-assembled into nanoparticles for chemotherapy. The nanoparticles exhibited good intracellular uptake and excellent photolysis release of MTX, which resulted in efficient anticancer activity in vitro with laser irradiation. This research provides a way to fabricate photocleavable prodrug nanoparticles with stimuli-triggered drug release behavior.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 7
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-04-29), p. 869-
    Abstract: The production of alloys with high strength and toughness concurrently is still a difficult challenge. Here, we designed a simple solution-ageing heat treatment system to control the morphology and density of α in Ti-15Mo-3Al-2.7Nb-0.2Si via different heat treatment temperatures. The experimental results show that Ti-15Mo-3Al-2.7Nb-0.2Si exhibits a synergistic combination of tensile strength (1364 MPa), plasticity (7.8% elongation), and fracture toughness (101 MPa·m1/2) through solutions in the α/β biphasic region and duplex ageing. Notably, the strength of the alloy after the second step of the ageing process is increased by 15% compared with that after the first step of the ageing process. However, there is less than a 5% reduction in the fracture toughness. TEM observations show that the matrix continues to precipitate denser secondary α during duplex ageing, which causes the strength to increase significantly and causes the fracture toughness to weaken. Our work may provide a novel method to optimize the mechanical properties of alloys by controlling the precipitates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 8
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 20 ( 2022-10-12), p. 2740-
    Abstract: Ambient temperature (Ta) fluctuation is a key factor affecting the growth performance and economic returns of pigs. However, whether the response of intestinal structure and function are related to pig breeds in low Ta has not been investigated yet. In this study, Large White (LW) pigs, Jinfen White (JFW) pigs and Mashen (MS) pigs were raised in artificial climate chambers under normal Ta (25 °C) and low Ta (4 °C) for 96 h. Afterwards, the decrease in body temperature and complete blood counts (CBC) of all pigs were measured. Hematoxylin–eosin, immunohistochemical staining, qPCR and ELISA were used to investigate their intestinal mucosa integrity and inflammatory response. The results showed that MS pigs could maintain a normal body temperature and villus structure after 4 °C stimulation compared with those of LW and JFW pigs. Villus height and villus height/crypt depth of MS pigs were significantly higher than those of LW and JFW pigs at 4 °C. Low-Ta stimulation increased the digestion of carbohydrates of all pigs. Meanwhile, low Ta enhanced the activity of lipase in LW pigs and increased trypsin activity in MS and JFW pigs. Furthermore, low-Ta stimulation significantly downregulated the protein of tight junction and upregulated the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in MS pigs. MS pigs also showed stronger spleen immune function at 4 °C. These results indicated that the local MS pig breed had stronger intestinal function in low Ta by producing a stronger inflammatory response, which lays the foundation for further study on the mechanism of cold tolerance in pigs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2023-05-25), p. 2128-
    Abstract: To investigate different contents of pu-erh tea polyphenol affected by abiotic stress, this research determined the contents of tea polyphenol in teas produced by Yuecheng, a Xishuangbanna-based tea producer in Yunnan Province. The study drew a preliminary conclusion that eight factors, namely, altitude, nickel, available cadmium, organic matter, N, P, K, and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, had a considerable influence on tea polyphenol content with a combined analysis of specific altitudes and soil composition. The nomogram model constructed with three variables, altitude, organic matter, and P, screened by LASSO regression showed that the AUC of the training group and the validation group were respectively 0.839 and 0.750, and calibration curves were consistent. A visualized prediction system for the content of pu-erh tea polyphenol based on the nomogram model was developed and its accuracy rate, supported by measured data, reached 80.95%. This research explored the change of tea polyphenol content under abiotic stress, laying a solid foundation for further predictions for and studies on the quality of pu-erh tea and providing some theoretical scientific basis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 10
    In: Processes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2022-12-13), p. 2685-
    Abstract: The material selection of injection gas wells in acid gas flooding is the bottleneck of the successful implementation of the technical scheme. Through standard and literature research, the materials of the wellhead, wellbore, and packer for reinjection well in acid gas flooding are preliminarily established, and then the suitable materials are further screened by using the weight-loss and surface characterization method. Finally, a new type of packer is designed to optimize the wellbore material. The results show that 35CrMo (CR = 0.0589 mm/y) steel is used for wellhead materials, 625 alloy steel is selected as the sealing surface, and 625 or 825 alloys (with CR ≤ 0.0055 mm/y) steel is used for wellhead sealing material. The main material of the packer is 718 Alloy (with CR ≤ 0.0021 mm/y). The cost of T95 steel within 20 years (1263 ten thousand yuan) of service is much smaller than that of G3 alloy (1771 ten thousand yuan), but after 30 years of service, its cost is close to that of G3 alloy. A kind of downhole packer for acid gas reinjection is designed. Among them, G3 alloy steel tubing is used between the packer and the relief valve, T95 steel tubing is selected above the packer and below the safety valve, and the packer is set in the G3 steel tubing. The serious pitting corrosion of T95 steel in the liquid phase environment is due to the uneven deposition of FeS and FeCO3 on the steel surface.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9717
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720994-5
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