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  • MDPI AG  (185)
  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Marine Toxins Detection by Biosensors Based on Aptamers
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Toxins Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2019-12-18), p. 1-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2019-12-18), p. 1-
    Abstract: Marine toxins cause great harm to human health through seafood, therefore, it is urgent to exploit new marine toxins detection methods with the merits of high sensitivity and specificity, low detection limit, convenience, and high efficiency. Aptasensors have emerged to replace classical detection methods for marine toxins detection. The rapid development of molecular biological approaches, sequencing technology, material science, electronics and chemical science boost the preparation and application of aptasensors. Taken together, the aptamer-based biosensors would be the best candidate for detection of the marine toxins with the merits of high sensitivity and specificity, convenience, time-saving, relatively low cost, extremely low detection limit, and high throughput, which have reduced the detection limit of marine toxins from nM to fM. This article reviews the detection of marine toxins by aptamer-based biosensors, as well as the selection approach for the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), the aptamer sequences. Moreover, the newest aptasensors and the future prospective are also discussed, which would provide thereotical basis for the future development of marine toxins detection by aptasensors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010001
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 2
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    Damage of Hygrothermally Conditioned Carbon Epoxy Composites under High-Velocity Impact
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Materials Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2018-12-12), p. 2525-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2018-12-12), p. 2525-
    Abstract: The influence of hygrothermal aging on high-velocity impact damage of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates is investigated. Composite laminate specimens were preconditioned in water at 70 °C. The laminates were subsequently impacted by flat-, sphere-, and cone- ended projectiles with velocities of 45, 68, and 86 m/s. The incident and residual velocities were collected during the impact test. The impact-induced damages were measured by ultrasonic C-scan, a digital microscope system, and a scanning electron microscope. The results show that the hygrothermally conditioned laminates offer a higher energy absorption during high-velocity impact. Due to the weakening of the interlaminar properties, the hygrothermally conditioned laminates are more susceptible to delamination failure, and shear-induced debonding dominates. The projected delamination area increases with the increment of impact velocity. The damaged region becomes close to a circular shape after hydrothermal conditioning, and close to a rhomboidal shape for the dry specimens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma11122525
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 3
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    Potential Anti-Candida albicans Mechanism of Trichoderma Acid from Trichoderma spirale
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2023-03-13), p. 5445-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2023-03-13), p. 5445-
    Abstract: Candida albicans is the main causal pathogen of fungal infections in human beings. Although diverse anti-C. albicans drugs have been explored, the drug resistance and side effects of these drugs are intensifying. Thus, it is urgent to explore new anti-C. albicans compounds from natural products. In this study, we identified trichoderma acid (TA), a compound from Trichoderma spirale with a strong inhibitory effect on C. albicans. Transcriptomic and iTRAQ-based proteomic analyses of TA-treated C. albicans in combination with scanning electronic microscopy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection were performed to investigate the potential targets of TA. The most significant differentially expressed genes and proteins after TA treatment were verified through Western blot analysis. Our results revealed that mitochondrial membrane potential, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes in the mitochondria, and cell walls were disrupted in TA-treated C. albicans, leading to the accumulation of ROS. The impaired enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase further contributed to the increase in ROS concentration. The high concentration of ROS led to DNA damage and cell skeleton destruction. The expression levels of Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoE (RND3), asparagine synthetase (ASNS), glutathione S-transferase, and heat shock protein 70 were significantly up-regulated in response to apoptosis and toxin stimulation. These findings suggest that RND3, ASNS, and supereoxide dismutase 5 are the potential targets of TA, as further demonstrated through Western blot analysis. The combination of transcriptomic, proteomic, and cellular analyses would provide clues for the anti-C. albicans mechanism of TA and the defensive response mechanism of C. albicans. TA is thus recognized as a promising new anti-C. albicans leading compound that alleviates the hazard of C. albicans infection in human beings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065445
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Establishment of Surgical Difficulty Grading System and Application of MRI-Based Artificial Intelligence to Stratify Difficulty in Laparoscopic Rectal Surgery
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Bioengineering Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2023-04-12), p. 468-
    Details
    In: Bioengineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2023-04-12), p. 468-
    Abstract: (1) Background: The difficulty of pelvic operation is greatly affected by anatomical constraints. Defining this difficulty and assessing it based on conventional methods has some limitations. Artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled rapid advances in surgery, but its role in assessing the difficulty of laparoscopic rectal surgery is unclear. This study aimed to establish a difficulty grading system to assess the difficulty of laparoscopic rectal surgery, as well as utilize this system to evaluate the reliability of pelvis-induced difficulties described by MRI-based AI. (2) Methods: Patients who underwent laparoscopic rectal surgery from March 2019 to October 2022 were included, and were divided into a non-difficult group and difficult group. This study was divided into two stages. In the first stage, a difficulty grading system was developed and proposed to assess the surgical difficulty caused by the pelvis. In the second stage, AI was used to build a model, and the ability of the model to stratify the difficulty of surgery was evaluated at this stage, based on the results of the first stage; (3) Results: Among the 108 enrolled patients, 53 patients (49.1%) were in the difficult group. Compared to the non-difficult group, there were longer operation times, more blood loss, higher rates of anastomotic leaks, and poorer specimen quality in the difficult group. In the second stage, after training and testing, the average accuracy of the four-fold cross validation models on the test set was 0.830, and the accuracy of the merged AI model was 0.800, the precision was 0.786, the specificity was 0.750, the recall was 0.846, the F1-score was 0.815, the area under the receiver operating curve was 0.78 and the average precision was 0.69; (4) Conclusions: This study successfully proposed a feasible grading system for surgery difficulty and developed a predictive model with reasonable accuracy using AI, which can assist surgeons in determining surgical difficulty and in choosing the optimal surgical approach for rectal cancer patients with a structurally difficult pelvis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5354
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040468
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746191-9
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  • 5
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    Non-Destructive Discrimination of Sunflower Seeds with Different Internal Mildew Grades by Fusion of Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance and Transmittance Spectra Combined with 1D-CNN
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Foods Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2023-01-08), p. 295-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2023-01-08), p. 295-
    Abstract: Internally mildewed sunflower seeds, which cannot be recognized and discarded based on their appearance, pose a serious risk to human health. Thus, there is a need for a rapid non-destructive mildew grade discrimination method. Currently, few reports are available regarding this process. In this study, a method based on the combination of the near-infrared diffuse reflectance and near-infrared diffuse transmission (NIRr-NIRt) fusion spectra and a one-dimension convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) is proposed. The NIRr-NIRt fusion spectra can provide more complementary and comprehensive information, and therefore better discrimination accuracy, than a single spectrum. The first derivative (FD) preprocessing method could further improve the discrimination effect. By comparison against three conventional machine learning algorithms (artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN)), the 1D-CNN model based on the fusion spectra was found to perform the best. The mean prediction accuracy was 2.01%, 5.97%, and 10.55% higher than that of the ANN, SVM, and KNN models, respectively. These results indicate that the CNN model was able to precisely classify the mildew grades with a prediction accuracy of 97.60% and 94.04% for the training and test set, respectively. Thus, this study provides a non-destructive and rapid method for classifying the mildew grade of sunflower seeds with the potential to be applied in the quality control of sunflower seeds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods12020295
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 6
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    Two Trichothecene Mycotoxins from Myrothecium roridum Induce Apoptosis of HepG-2 Cells via Caspase Activation and Disruption of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Molecules Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2016-06-17), p. 781-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 6 ( 2016-06-17), p. 781-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060781
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
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    Behavior and Mechanism of Cesium Biosorption from Aqueous Solution by Living Synechococcus PCC7002
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-03-30), p. 491-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-03-30), p. 491-
    Abstract: Many efforts have focused on the adsorption of metals from contaminated water by microbes. Synechococcus PCC7002, a major marine cyanobacteria, is widely applied to remove metals from the ocean’s photic zone. However, its ability to adsorb cesium (Cs) nuclides has received little attention. In this study, the biosorption behavior of Cs(I) from ultrapure distilled water by living Synechococcus PCC7002 was investigated based on kinetic and isotherm studies, and the biosorption mechanism was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy. Synechococcus PCC7002 showed extremely high tolerance to Cs ions and its minimal inhibitory concentration was 8.6 g/L. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in Synechococcus PCC7002 played a vital role in this tolerance. The biosorption of Cs by Synechococcus PCC7002 conformed to a Freundlich-type isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The binding of Cs(I) was primarily attributed to the extracellular proteins in EPS, with the amino, hydroxyl, and phosphate groups on the cell walls contributing to Cs adsorption. The biosorption of Cs involved two mechanisms: Passive adsorption on the cell surface at low Cs concentrations and active intracellular adsorption at high Cs concentrations. The results demonstrate that the behavior and mechanism of Cs adsorption by Synechococcus PCC7002 differ based on the Cs ions concentration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040491
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 8
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    A Review of Research Progress on the Fretting Fatigue Mechanism and Protection Measures of Metal Matrix Composites
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Coatings Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-02-06), p. 365-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-02-06), p. 365-
    Abstract: The performance characteristics of metal matrix composites (MMCs) and the need to study their fretting fatigue and wear during service are discussed. Four main elements of the study of fretting fatigue wear of MMCs (aluminum, copper, titanium, iron, magnesium, nickel, etc.) are discussed. These are factors influencing fretting fatigue, mechanism research, life prediction, and the development process of protection methods, respectively. Factors such as internal crack nucleation and development, loading conditions, and working environment are analyzed and discussed. The development trend of fretting fatigue research is outlined from several perspectives such as the fretting fatigue mechanism, research methods, and protection methods. In particular, the current state of research and the results achieved are highlighted, and some of the issues that remain to be studied are illustrated. The combined effects of fretting, fatigue and wear, the accuracy and applicability of fretting fatigue life prediction, the dispersion of the strengthening phase, and interface problems of MMCs themselves, etc., are all issues that need further research. The review summarizes some of the existing results and provides some reference help for subsequent developments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings13020365
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 9
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    Detrital Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb Ages of the North Liaohe Group from the Lianshanguan Area, NE China: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Minerals Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-05-22), p. 708-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2023-05-22), p. 708-
    Abstract: The Liaohe Group, which is a significant lithostratigraphic unit within the Paleoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt situated between the Longgang and Liaonan-Nangrim blocks, comprises the Langzishan, Li’eryu, Gaojiayu, Dashiqiao, and Gaixian formations, which are characterized mainly by a clastic-rich sequence with an interlayered bimodal-volcanic sequence, carbonate-rich sequence, and (meta-)pelite-rich sequence. Currently, the tectonic background and evolution of the Liaohe Group remain contentious. Based on the study of detrital zircon geochronology and the zircon trace element characteristics in the Langzishan and Li’eryu formations in the North Liaohe Group in the Lianshanguan area, NE China, this paper reveals the formations’ provenances, depositional ages, and relationships with Paleoproterozoic granitoids (the Liao-Ji granites). The present results, in conjunction with previous studies, indicate that the depositional age of the Langzishan Formation is 2136 Ma and that of the Li’eryu Formation is 1974 Ma. The provenances of the Langzishan Formation and the Li’eryu Formation are mainly characterized by Neoarchean-to-early-Paleoproterozoic basement rocks (~2.6–2.4 Ga) and the Liao-Ji granites (~2.2–2.0 Ga), respectively. Moreover, the coeval mafic and metasedimentary rocks of the Liaohe Group exhibit characteristics of an extensional environment, which is represented by the tectonic setting of a back-arc basin. Notably, the Upper Langzishan Formation records a prominent shift in sedimentary environment from a passive continental margin to an active continental margin. In terms of the tectonic evolution of the North Liaohe Group and the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt, our proposed model suggests that the Archean basement rocks in the northern part of the continental block, along with a limited contribution from the Paleoproterozoic Liao-Ji granites, served as the primary sources for the Langzishan Formation. Subsequently, the rapid deposition of the Li’eryu Formation was influenced by intense magmatism and subsequent erosion of the subduction-related magmatic arc (the Liao-Ji granites) within a back-arc basin environment. Lastly, the deposition of clastic materials from the Longgang blocks and the Liao-Ji granites resulted in the formation of the Gaojiayu, Dashiqiao, and Gaixian formations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min13050708
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 10
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    Dual Cluster Head Optimization of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2022-12-26), p. 231-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2022-12-26), p. 231-
    Abstract: Energy conservation is one of the main problems in a wireless sensor network (WSN). Compared with a single cluster head (CH), a dual CH optimization was proposed for less energy consumption by the WSN and an acquisition delay by the mobile sink (MS). Firstly, a fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm and a multi-objective particle swarm optimization were utilized for the determinations of the first and second CHs. Following that, the ideal trajectory of MS was assessed using the improved ant colony algorithm. Finally, the lifetimes, the death rounds of the first node and the 50% node, and the number of packets received at the base station were compared among the proposed approach. Moreover, five algorithms were compared to validate the optimization, and the improved trajectory was compared with the original one as well. It was found that, for 100 nodes, the number of dead rounds from the proposal increased by 7.9%, 22.9%, 25.1%, 61%, and 74.4% for the first node, and that of the 50% nodes increased by 27.8%, 34.2%, 98.3%, 213.1%, and 211.2%, respectively. The base station packet reception increased by about 19.3%, 53.5%, 27%, 86.8%, and 181.2%, respectively. The trajectory of MS could also decrease by about 10%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23010231
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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