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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial–Temporal Variation of Cropping Patterns in Relation to Climate Change in Neolithic China
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Atmosphere Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2020-06-27), p. 677-
    Details
    In: Atmosphere, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2020-06-27), p. 677-
    Abstract: The Neolithic period witnessed the start and spread of agriculture across Eurasia, as well as the beginning of important climate changes which would take place over millennia. Nevertheless, it remains rather unclear in what ways local societies chose to respond to these considerable changes in both the shorter and longer term. Crops such as rice and millet were domesticated in the Yangtze River and the Yellow River valleys in China during the early Holocene. Paleoclimate studies suggest that the pattern of precipitation in these two areas was distinctly different. This paper reviews updated archaeobotanical evidence from Neolithic sites in China. Comparing these results to the regional high-resolution paleoclimate records enables us to better understand the development of rice and millet and its relation to climate change. This comparison shows that rice was mainly cultivated in the Yangtze River valley and its southern margin, whereas millet cultivation occurred in the northern area of China during 9000–7000 BP. Both millet and rice-based agriculture became intensified and expanded during 7000–5000 BP. In the following period of 5000–4000 BP, rice agriculture continued to expand within the Yangtze River valley and millet cultivation moved gradually westwards. Meanwhile, mixed agriculture based on both millet and rice developed along the boundary between north and south. From 9000–7000 BP, China maintained hunting activities. Subsequently, from 7000–6000 BP, changes in vegetation and landscape triggered by climate change played an essential role in the development of agriculture. Precipitation became an important factor in forming the distinct regional patterns of Chinese agriculture in 6000–4000 BP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4433
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/atmos11070677
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2605928-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CD8A as a Prognostic and Immunotherapy Predictive Biomarker Can Be Evaluated by MRI Radiomics Features in Bladder Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-10-05), p. 4866-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-10-05), p. 4866-
    Abstract: As an important member of T cytotoxic pathway-related genes, CD8a molecule (CD8A) may be a useful biomarker of immunotherapeutic response and immune cell infiltration. We aimed to investigate the clinical predictive value of CD8A in prognosis and tumor microenvironment (TME) and preoperatively predict the expression of CD8A using radiogenomics in bladder cancer (BCa). Among 12 T cytotoxic pathway-related genes, CD8A was a novel protective gene and had the highest correlations with T cells and Macrophages M1 in BCa. In advanced cancer patients treated with immunotherapy, low CD8A expression was associated with immunotherapeutic failure and poor survival outcomes. CD8A expression was highly related to tumor mutation burden, critical immune checkpoint genes and several types of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, predicting effective response to immunotherapy. The preoperative MRI radiomics features and RNA-sequence data of 111 BCa samples were used to develop a radiomics signature that achieved good performance in the prediction of CD8A expression in both the training (area under curve (AUC): 0.857) and validation sets (AUC: 0.844). CD8A is a novel indicator for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapeutic response in BCa. A radiomics signature has the potential to preoperatively predict the expression of CD8A in BCa patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194866
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Depositional Environment and Organic Matter Enrichment in the Lower Paleozoic Shale from the Northeastern Margin of the Yangtze Platform, South China
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-02-25), p. 501-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2023-02-25), p. 501-
    Abstract: In this study, twenty-six core shale samples were collected from the marine Lower Paleozoic shale in a well in the northeastern margin of the Yangtze Platform. Analyses of TOC content, mineral composition, major elements, along with trace and rare earth elements were conducted on the samples. The results were used to investigate the depositional conditions and their effects on organic matter accumulation and preservation. Generally, the sedimentation period of Niutitang Formation shale was in a cold and arid climate with anoxic marine environments, while the shale from Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation was formed in a warm and humid climate with oxic marine environments. In addition, the Wufeng-Longmaxi and Niutitang formations are characterized by low paleo-productivity. The organic matter enrichment for shale in this study could be simultaneously controlled by paleo-redox state and paleo-productivity. Organic matter enrichment of the Niutitang shale is mainly driven by preservation rather than productivity, while the dominant driving factor is the opposite for the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale. Additionally, palaeoclimate and terrestrial influx intensity were found to significantly impact the organic matter enrichment in the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale. The findings have implications for the understanding of the sedimentary processes, organic matter enrichment and preservation and shale gas potential of the study area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse11030501
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Initial Microstructure on the Low-Temperature Plasma Nitriding of Ferritic Stainless Steel
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Coatings Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-09-27), p. 1404-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-09-27), p. 1404-
    Abstract: AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel with different initial microstructures was low-temperature plasma nitrided to improve its hardness and wear resistance in the present investigation. The microstructure and properties of the low-temperature nitrided layers on stainless steel with different initial microstructures were studied by an optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, microhardness tester, pin-on-disk tribometer, and electrochemical workstation. The results show that the low-temperature nitrided layer characteristics of ferritic stainless steel are highly initial-microstructure dependent. For the ferritic stainless steel with a solid solution and annealing treatment, it had the best performance after low-temperature plasma nitriding when compared with the stainless steel with other initial microstructures. The nitrided layer thickness reached 34 μm after nitriding at 450 °C for 8 h. The phase composition of the low-temperature-nitrided layer consisted mainly of a nitrogen “expanded” α phase (αN) and iron nitrides (Fe4N and Fe2–3N). The hardness of the nitrided layer could reach up to 1832 HV0.1. Moreover, the wear and corrosion resistance of the nitrided layer on the solution and annealing treated ferritic stainless steel could be improved at the same time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings12101404
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Changes of Ecosystem Service Value in a Coastal Zone of Zhejiang Province, China, during Rapid Urbanization
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2018-06-21), p. 1301-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2018-06-21), p. 1301-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071301
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Research on Land Use Changes and Ecological Risk Assessment in Yongjiang River Basin in Zhejiang Province, China
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2019-05-17), p. 2817-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2019-05-17), p. 2817-
    Abstract: Studying land use changes and ecological risk assessment in Yongjiang River Basin in Zhejiang Province, China, provides theoretical references for optimal configuration of land resources and maintaining stability of ecosystems. Given impacts of land use changes on landscape patterns in the Yongjiang River Basin, ecological risk assessment indexes were constructed and used to analyze temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ecological risk within different periods. Results show that (1) the construction land area was increased quickly, while the cultivated area decreased sharply. A prominent characteristic of land use changes was manifested by transforming cultivated area and forestland into construction land. The utilized degree of the land increased continuously. Spatially, the land utilized degree in northern regions was higher than that in southern regions and the degree in eastern regions was higher than that in western regions. (2) The ecological risk in the Yongjiang River Basin was intensified and the area of high ecological risk was expanded by 893.96 km2. Regions with low and relatively low ecological risks concentrated in western and southern regions of the Basin, whereas regions with high ecological risks were mainly in northern and eastern regions. Landscapes in cities and towns at a high economic development level are highly sensitive to human activities. (3) Transformation of ecological risk is complicated. Land area with the ecological risk changing from a low level to a high level was 4.15 times that with the ecological risk changing from a high level to a low level. There were 15 transformation directions among different ecological risk regions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su11102817
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A New Image Processing Procedure Integrating PCI-RPC and ArcGIS-Spline Tools to Improve the Orthorectification Accuracy of High-Resolution Satellite Imagery
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 8, No. 10 ( 2016-10-09), p. 827-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 10 ( 2016-10-09), p. 827-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs8100827
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Spatiotemporal Change Patterns of Coastlines in Zhejiang Province, China, Over the Last Twenty-Five Years
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-02-11), p. 477-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2018-02-11), p. 477-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su10020477
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Downscaling Thermal Infrared Radiance for Subpixel Land Surface Temperature Retrieval
    MDPI AG ; 2008
    In:  Sensors Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2008-04-06), p. 2695-2706
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2008-04-06), p. 2695-2706
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s8042695
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Study of the Spatio-Temporal Differentiation of Factors Influencing Carbon Emission of the Planting Industry in Arid and Vulnerable Areas in Northwest China
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2019-12-26), p. 187-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2019-12-26), p. 187-
    Abstract: Due to the importance of understanding the relationship between agricultural growth and environmental quality, we analyzed how high-quality agricultural development can affect carbon emissions in Northwest China. Based on the concept of the environmental Kuznets curve, this study uses provincial panel data from 1993 to 2017 to make empirical analyses inflection point changes and spatio-temporal differences in agricultural carbon emissions. The highlights of our findings are as follows: (1) In Northwest China, there is an inverse N-shape curve, and the critical values are 3578 yuan/hm2 and 45,738 yuan/hm2, respectively. (2) For 2017, the agricultural economic intensity was 50,670 yuan/hm2, exceeding the critical value (high inflection point) of 45,738 yuan/hm2. (3) Ningxia, Gansu, and Qinghai have not reached the turning point. Having comparable climate, natural conditions, and overall environmental factors, these three provinces would reach the turning point at similar time periods. (4) The average value in agricultural carbon emission intensity in the region is 767.79 kg/hm2, and the order based on intensity is Xinjiang 〉 Shaanxi 〉 Ningxia 〉 Gansu 〉 Qinghai.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010187
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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