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  • MDPI AG  (3,666)
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  • MDPI AG  (3,666)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Voglibose Regulates the Secretion of GLP-1 Accompanied by Amelioration of Ileal Inflammatory Damage and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic KKAy Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-14), p. 15938-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-14), p. 15938-
    Abstract: Voglibose is an α-glycosidase inhibitor that improves postprandial hyperglycemia and increases glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the anti-inflammatory effects of voglibose on the intestine, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. This study evaluated the effects and mechanisms of voglibose on glycemic control and intestinal inflammation. Type 2 diabetic KKAy mice were treated with voglibose (1 mg/kg) by oral gavage once daily. After 8 weeks, glucose metabolism, levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), systematic inflammatory factors, intestinal integrity and inflammation were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Voglibose ameliorated glucose metabolism by enhancing basal- and glucose-dependent GLP-1 secretion. Several beneficial SCFAs, such as acetic acid and propionic acid, were increased by voglibose in the fecal sample. Additionally, voglibose notably decreased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B but increased the expression of tight junction proteins in the ileum, thus markedly improving intestinal inflammatory damage and reducing the systematic inflammatory factors. Ileal genomics and protein validation suggested that voglibose attenuated inositol-requiring protein 1α-X-box binding protein 1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Together, these results showed that voglibose enhanced the secretion of GLP-1, which contributed to the glycemic control in KKAy mice at least in part by regulating intestinal inflammation and the expression of ERS factors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415938
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Spatial Prediction of Total Nitrogen in Soil Surface Layer Based on Machine Learning
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-22), p. 11998-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-22), p. 11998-
    Abstract: In order to satisfy the basic requirements of sustainable agricultural development, it is important to understand the spatial distribution characteristics of soil total nitrogen (TN) content to better guide accurate fertilization to increase grain yield. To this end, this paper constructs three inversion models of partial least squares regression (PLSR), back propagation neural network (BPNN) and support vector machines (SVM) with remote sensing data to predict the TN content in Datong County, Xining City, Qinghai Province, China. The results showed that the average TN content was 1.864 g/kg, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 30.596%. The prediction accuracy of the SVM model (R2 = 0.676, RMSE = 0.296) among the three inversion models was higher than that of the BPNN model (R2 = 0.560, RMSE = 0.305) and the PLSR model (R2 = 0.374, RMSE = 0.334). The model with the highest accuracy predicted the spatial distribution of TN, and TN content showed a spatial distribution trend which was high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and gradually decreased from north to south. This study provides reference basis and support for soil fertility evaluations and sustainable agricultural development.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su141911998
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microstructure, Tensile Properties, and Fracture Toughness of an In Situ Rolling Hybrid with Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing AerMet100 Steel
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2024-04-03), p. 494-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2024-04-03), p. 494-
    Abstract: As a type of ultra-high strength steel, AerMet100 steel is used in the aerospace and military industries. Due to the fact that AerMet100 steel is difficult to machine, people have been exploring the process of additive manufacturing to fabricate AerMet100 steel. In this study, AerMet100 steel was produced using an in situ rolling hybrid with wire arc additive manufacturing. Microstructure, tensile properties, and fracture toughness of as-deposited and heat-treated AerMet100 steel were evaluated in different directions. The results reveal that the manufacturing process leads to grain fragmentation and obvious microstructural refinement of the AerMet100 steel, and weakens the anisotropy of the mechanical properties. After heat treatment, the microstructure of the AerMet100 steel is mainly composed of lath martensite and reversed austenite. Alloy carbides are precipitated within the martensitic matrix, and a high density of dislocations is the primary strengthening mechanism. The existence of film-like austenite among the martensite matrix enhances the toughness of AerMet100 steel, which coordinates stress distribution and restrains crack propagation, resulting in an excellent balance between strength and toughness. The AerMet100 steel with in situ rolling is isotropy and achieves the following values: an average ultimate strength of 1747.7 ± 16.3 MPa, yield strength of 1615 ± 40.6 MPa, elongation of 8.3 ± 0.2% in deposition direction, and corresponding values in the building direction are 1821.3 ± 22.1 MPa, 1624 ± 84.5 MPa, and 7.6 ± 1.7%, and the KIC value up to 70.6 MPa/m0.5.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi15040494
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Novel Systematic Oxidative Stress Score Predicts the Survival of Patients with Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2023-03-11), p. 1718-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2023-03-11), p. 1718-
    Abstract: This study aimed to construct an effective nomogram based on the clinical and oxidative stress-related characteristics to predict the prognosis of stage I lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). A retrospective study was performed on 955 eligible patients with stage I LUAD after surgery at our hospital. The relationship between systematic-oxidative-stress biomarkers and the prognosis was analyzed. The systematic oxidative stress score (SOS) was established based on three biochemical indicators, including serum creatinine (CRE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and uric acid (UA). SOS was an independent prognostic factor for stage I LUADs, and the nomogram based on SOS and clinical characteristics could accurately predict the prognosis of these patients. The nomogram had a high concordance index (C-index) (0.684, 95% CI, 0.656–0.712), and the calibration curves for recurrence-free survival (RFS) probabilities showed a strong agreement between the nomogram prediction and actual observation. Additionally, the patients were divided into two groups according to the cut-off value of risk points based on the nomogram, and a significant difference in RFS was observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups (p 〈 0.0001). SOS is an independent prognostic indicator for stage I LUAD. These things considered, the constructed nomogram based on SOS could accurately predict the survival of those patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061718
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Nomogram Based on Atelectasis/Obstructive Pneumonitis Could Predict the Metastasis of Lymph Nodes and Postoperative Survival of Pathological N0 Classification in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-01-24), p. 333-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 2 ( 2023-01-24), p. 333-
    Abstract: The eighth TNM staging system proposal classifies lung cancer with partial or complete atelectasis/obstructive pneumonia into the T2 category. We aimed to develop nomograms to predict the possibility of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and the prognosis for NSCLC based on atelectasis and obstructive pneumonitis. Methods: NSCLC patients over 20 years old diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The nomograms were based on risk factors that were identified by Logistic regression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was performed to confirm the predictive values of our nomograms. Cox proportional hazards analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were also used in this study. Results: A total of 470,283 patients were enrolled. Atelectasis/obstructive pneumonitis, age, gender, race, histologic types, grade, and tumor size were defined as independent predictive factors; then, these seven factors were integrated to establish nomograms of LNM. The AUC is 0.70 (95% CI: 0.694–0.704). Moreover, the Cox proportional hazards analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the scores derived from the nomograms were significantly correlated with the survival of pathological N0 classification. Conclusion: Nomograms based on atelectasis/obstructive pneumonitis were developed and validated to predict LNM and the postoperative prognosis of NSCLC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020333
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxidative Stress Induced by Selenium Deficiency Contributes to Inflammation, Apoptosis and Necroptosis in the Lungs of Calves
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-03-24), p. 796-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-03-24), p. 796-
    Abstract: Selenium is an essential trace element for health that can only be obtained through food. However, the pathological processes of selenium deficiency in cattle have received little attention. This study investigated the effects of selenium deficiency on oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and necroptosis in the lungs of weaning calves compared with healthy calves as controls. The lung selenium content and the expression of 11 selenoproteins mRNA in selenium-deficient calves were substantially reduced compared with the controls. Pathological results showed engorged alveolar capillaries, thickened alveolar septa, and diffuse interstitial inflammation throughout the alveolar septa. The levels of GSH and T-AOC, as well as the CAT, SOD, and TrxR activities, were significantly decreased compared with healthy calves. MDA and H2O2 were significantly elevated. Meanwhile, the apoptosis activation in the Se-D group was validated. Next, in the Se-D group, several pro-inflammatory cytokines showed higher expression. Further research revealed that the lungs in the Se-D group experienced inflammation via hyperactive NF-κB and MAPK pathways. The high level of expression of c-FLIP, MLKL, RIPK1, and RIPK3 indicated that necroptosis also causes lung damage during selenium deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040796
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diphenyl Diselenide Alleviates Tert-Butyl Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Rat Glomerular Mesangial Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 19 ( 2022-09-23), p. 11215-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 19 ( 2022-09-23), p. 11215-
    Abstract: Hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation play key roles in the onset and development of diabetic complications such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). Diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) is a stable and simple organic selenium compound with anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative activities. Nevertheless, in vitro, the role and molecular mechanism of DPDS on DN remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of DPDS on tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative stress and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in rat glomerular mesangial (HBZY-1) cells and explored the underlying mechanisms. DPDS attenuated t-BHP-induced cytotoxicity, concurrent with decreased intracellular ROS and MDA contents and increased SOD activity and GSH content. Moreover, DPDS augmented the protein and mRNA expression of Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, and GCLC in t-BHP-stimulated HBZY-1 cells. In addition, DPDS suppressed LPS-induced elevations of intracellular content and mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. Furthermore, LPS-induced NFκB activation and high phosphorylation of JNK and ERK1/2 were markedly suppressed by DPDS in HBZY-1 cells. In summary, these data demonstrated that DPDS improves t-BHP-induced oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, and also improves LPS-induced inflammation via inhibition of the NFκB/MAPK pathways in HBZY-1 cells, suggesting that DPDS has the potential to be developed as a candidate for the prevention and treatment of DN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911215
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Associations between Serum Aflatoxin-B1 and Anemia in Pregnant Women: Evidence from Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort in China
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Toxins Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2021-11-15), p. 806-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2021-11-15), p. 806-
    Abstract: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common toxic mycotoxin and is detectable in pregnant women. Animal studies have revealed that AFB1 caused the lysis of erythrocytes and a decrease in hemoglobin. We conducted a prospective cohort study in Guangxi, China, in order to evaluate the association between AFB1 exposure and anemia in pregnant women during the entire pregnancy. A total of 616 pregnant women from the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort were included in the study. Serum AFB1-albumin (AFB1-ALB) adduct levels were measured. The effect of AFB1-ALB adducts on hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were analyzed by using multivariable linear regression. The risks of anemia from AFB1-ALB adduct exposure were assessed by multivariable logistic regression. We found that the AFB1-ALB adduct was significantly associated with a decrease in Hb (β = −4.99, 95% CI: −8.42, −1.30), MCV (β = −4.58, 95% CI: −7.23, −1.94), MCH (β = −1.86, 95% CI: −2.87, −0.85), and MCHC (β = −5.23, 95% CI: −8.28, −2.17) in the first trimester with the third tertile of AFB1-ALB adducts when compared with the first tertile. Furthermore, the third tertile of the AFB1-ALB adduct significantly increased the risk of anemia by 2.90 times than compared to the first tertile in the first trimester (OR = 3.90, 95% CI: 1.67, 9.14). A significant positive does–response relationship existed between AFB1-ALB adduct levels and anemia risk (Ptrend = 0.001). When dividing anemia types, we only found that the third tertile of AFB1-ALB adduct increased the risk of microcytic hypochromic anemia (MHA) in the first trimester (OR = 14.37, 95% CI: 3.08, 67.02) and second trimester (OR = 4.75, 95% CI: 1.96, 11.51). These findings demonstrate the correlation between maternal AFB1 exposure during early pregnancy and risk of anemia, especially MHA, and during different trimesters in Southern China. More efforts should be made to diminish AFB1 exposure for pregnant women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110806
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Construction of Four Zn(II) Coordination Polymers Used as Catalysts for the Photodegradation of Organic Dyes in Water
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Polymers Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2016-01-06), p. 3-
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2016-01-06), p. 3-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym8010003
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Inferred Ancestral CotA Laccase with Improved Expression and Kinetic Efficiency
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 13 ( 2023-06-30), p. 10901-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 13 ( 2023-06-30), p. 10901-
    Abstract: Laccases are widely used in industrial production due to their broad substrate availability and environmentally friendly nature. However, the pursuit of laccases with superior stability and increased heterogeneous expression to meet industry demands appears to be an ongoing challenge. To address this challenge, we resurrected five ancestral sequences of laccase BsCotA and their homologues. All five variants were successfully expressed in soluble and functional forms with improved expression levels in Escherichia coli. Among the five variants, three exhibited higher catalytic rates, thermal stabilities, and acidic stabilities. Notably, AncCotA2, the best-performing variant, displayed a kcat/KM of 7.5 × 105 M−1·s−1, 5.2-fold higher than that of the wild-type BsCotA, an improved thermo- and acidic stability, and better dye decolorization ability. This study provides a laccase variant with high application potential and presents a new starting point for future enzyme engineering.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310901
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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