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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paclitaxel Protects against Isoproterenol-Induced Damage in Rat Myocardium: Its Heme-Oxygenase Mediated Role in Cardiovascular Research
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-05-20), p. 1129-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-05-20), p. 1129-
    Abstract: (1) Background: In cardiovascular applications, paclitaxel inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and significantly reduces the occurrence of restenosis and target lesion revascularization. However, the cellular effects of paclitaxel in the myocardium are not well understood; (2) Methods: Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (CTRL), isoproterenol (ISO) treated (1 mg/kg) and two groups treated with paclitaxel (PAC), which was administrated (10 mg/kg/day) for 5 days by gavage/per os alone or in combination (ISO + PAC) 3 weeks after ISO treatment. Ventricular tissue was harvested 24 h later for measurements of heme oxygenase (HO-1), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), NF-κB, TNF-α and myeloperoxidase (MPO); (3) Results: HO-1 protein concentration, HO-1 activity, SOD protein concentration and total glutathione significantly decreased in response to ISO treatment. When PAC was administered in conjunction with ISO, HO-1, SOD concentration and total glutathione were not different from control levels. MPO activity, NF-κB concentration and TNF-α protein concentration were significantly increased in the ISO-only group, while the levels of these molecules were restored when PAC was co-administered; (4) Conclusions: Oral administration of PAC can maintain the expression of important antioxidants, anti-inflammatory molecules, HO-1, SOD and GSH, and suppress the production of TNF-α, MPO and NF-κB, which are involved in myocardial damage. The principal component of this cellular defense seems to be the expression of HO-1.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051129
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Differentiation Model for Insomnia Disorder and the Respiratory Arousal Threshold Phenotype in Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Taiwanese Population Based on Oximetry and Anthropometric Features
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-12-27), p. 50-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2021-12-27), p. 50-
    Abstract: Insomnia disorder (ID) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with respiratory arousal threshold (ArTH) phenotypes often coexist in patients, presenting similar symptoms. However, the typical diagnosis examinations (in-laboratory polysomnography (lab-PSG) and other alternatives methods may therefore have limited differentiation capacities. Hence, this study established novel models to assist in the classification of ID and low- and high-ArTH OSA. Participants reporting insomnia as their chief complaint were enrolled. Their sleep parameters and body profile were accessed from the lab-PSG database. Based on the definition of low-ArTH OSA and ID, patients were divided into three groups, namely, the ID, low- and high-ArTH OSA groups. Various machine learning approaches, including logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, naive Bayes, random forest (RF), and support vector machine, were trained using two types of features (Oximetry model, trained with oximetry parameters only; Combined model, trained with oximetry and anthropometric parameters). In the training stage, RF presented the highest cross-validation accuracy in both models compared with the other approaches. In the testing stage, the RF accuracy was 77.53% and 80.06% for the oximetry and combined models, respectively. The established models can be used to differentiate ID, low- and high-ArTH OSA in the population of Taiwan and those with similar craniofacial features.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010050
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Reduces Plasma Neurochemical Levels in Patients with OSA: A Pilot Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Life Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-02-22), p. 613-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-02-22), p. 613-
    Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. This study determined whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which can alleviate OSA symptoms, can reduce neurochemical biomarker levels. Thirty patients with OSA and normal cognitive function were recruited and divided into the control (n = 10) and CPAP (n = 20) groups. Next, we examined their in-lab sleep data (polysomnography and CPAP titration), sleep-related questionnaire outcomes, and neurochemical biomarker levels at baseline and the 3-month follow-up. The paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to examine changes. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to increase the robustness of outcomes. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were significantly decreased in the CPAP group. The mean levels of total tau (T-Tau), amyloid-beta-42 (Aβ42), and the product of the two (Aβ42 × T-Tau) increased considerably in the control group (ΔT-Tau: 2.31 pg/mL; ΔAβ42: 0.58 pg/mL; ΔAβ42 × T-Tau: 48.73 pg2/mL2), whereas the mean levels of T-Tau and the product of T-Tau and Aβ42 decreased considerably in the CPAP group (ΔT-Tau: −2.22 pg/mL; ΔAβ42 × T-Tau: −44.35 pg2/mL2). The results of ANCOVA with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, baseline measurements, and apnea–hypopnea index demonstrated significant differences in neurochemical biomarker levels between the CPAP and control groups. The findings indicate that CPAP may reduce neurochemical biomarker levels by alleviating OSA symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life13030613
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Salvage Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for Malignant Brain Tumor Patients in Compliance with Emergency and Compassionate Use: Evaluation of 34 Cases in Taiwan
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biology Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2021-04-15), p. 334-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2021-04-15), p. 334-
    Abstract: Although boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising treatment option for malignant brain tumors, the optimal BNCT parameters for patients with immediately life-threatening, end-stage brain tumors remain unclear. We performed BNCT on 34 patients with life-threatening, end-stage brain tumors and analyzed the relationship between survival outcomes and BNCT parameters. Before BNCT, MRI and 18F-BPA-PET analyses were conducted to identify the tumor location/distribution and the tumor-to-normal tissue uptake ratio (T/N ratio) of 18F-BPA. No severe adverse events were observed (grade ≥ 3). The objective response rate and disease control rate were 50.0% and 85.3%, respectively. The mean overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) times were 7.25, 7.80, and 4.18 months, respectively. Remarkably, the mean OS, CSS, and RFS of patients who achieved a complete response were 17.66, 22.5, and 7.50 months, respectively. Kaplan–Meier analysis identified the optimal BNCT parameters and tumor characteristics of these patients, including a T/N ratio ≥ 4, tumor volume 〈 20 mL, mean tumor dose ≥ 25 Gy-E, MIB-1 ≤ 40, and a lower recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class. In conclusion, for malignant brain tumor patients who have exhausted all available treatment options and who are in an immediately life-threatening condition, BNCT may be considered as a therapeutic approach to prolong survival.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology10040334
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk by Using Machine Learning Approaches and Anthropometric Features
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sensors Vol. 22, No. 22 ( 2022-11-09), p. 8630-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 22 ( 2022-11-09), p. 8630-
    Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a global health concern and is typically diagnosed using in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG). However, PSG is highly time-consuming and labor-intensive. We, therefore, developed machine learning models based on easily accessed anthropometric features to screen for the risk of moderate to severe and severe OSA. We enrolled 3503 patients from Taiwan and determined their PSG parameters and anthropometric features. Subsequently, we compared the mean values among patients with different OSA severity and considered correlations among all participants. We developed models based on the following machine learning approaches: logistic regression, k-nearest neighbors, naïve Bayes, random forest (RF), support vector machine, and XGBoost. Collected data were first independently split into two data sets (training and validation: 80%; testing: 20%). Thereafter, we adopted the model with the highest accuracy in the training and validation stage to predict the testing set. We explored the importance of each feature in the OSA risk screening by calculating the Shapley values of each input variable. The RF model achieved the highest accuracy for moderate to severe (84.74%) and severe (72.61%) OSA. The level of visceral fat was found to be a predominant feature in the risk screening models of OSA with the aforementioned levels of severity. Our machine learning models can be employed to screen for OSA risk in the populations in Taiwan and in those with similar craniofacial structures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s22228630
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of Hospital-Based and Home-Based Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Severity Measurements with a Single-Lead Electrocardiogram Patch
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sensors Vol. 21, No. 23 ( 2021-12-03), p. 8097-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 23 ( 2021-12-03), p. 8097-
    Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a global health concern, and polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for assessing OSA severity. However, the sleep parameters of home-based and in-laboratory PSG vary because of environmental factors, and the magnitude of these discrepancies remains unclear. We enrolled 125 Taiwanese patients who underwent PSG while wearing a single-lead electrocardiogram patch (RootiRx). After the PSG, all participants were instructed to continue wearing the RootiRx over three subsequent nights. Scores on OSA indices—namely, the apnoea–hypopnea index, chest effort index (CEI), cyclic variation of heart rate index (CVHRI), and combined CVHRI and CEI (Rx index), were determined. The patients were divided into three groups based on PSG-determined OSA severity. The variables (various severity groups and environmental measurements) were subjected to mean comparisons, and their correlations were examined by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The hospital-based CVHRI, CEI, and Rx index differed significantly among the severity groups. All three groups exhibited a significantly lower percentage of supine sleep time in the home-based assessment, compared with the hospital-based assessment. The percentage of supine sleep time (∆Supine%) exhibited a significant but weak to moderate positive correlation with each of the OSA indices. A significant but weak-to-moderate correlation between the ∆Supine% and ∆Rx index was still observed among the patients with high sleep efficiency (≥80%), who could reduce the effect of short sleep duration, leading to underestimation of the patients’ OSA severity. The high supine percentage of sleep may cause OSA indices’ overestimation in the hospital-based examination. Sleep recording at home with patch-type wearable devices may aid in accurate OSA diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s21238097
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Replacement Instead of Discontinuation of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Instillation in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cancers Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2023-02-20), p. 1345-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2023-02-20), p. 1345-
    Abstract: Background: To evaluate the efficacy of intravesical chemotherapy replacement in patients with intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), who underwent bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) instillation but discontinued due to global shortages or toxicity of BCG. Methods: This retrospective study included patients with intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC who received BCG intravesical instillation. Those who discontinued the treatment were divided into the pure BCG group and chemotherapy replacement group. Comparisons between these groups were performed. The primary endpoint was bladder recurrence-free survival (RFS). Results: A total of 480 patients were included. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, but the total instillation times were higher in the chemotherapy replacement group than in the pure BCG group (n = 14.9 vs. 10.5). The chemotherapy replacement group had a better three-year RFS (p = 0.022). On multivariate analysis, the pure BCG group had significantly increased all-time and 3-year recurrences (hazard ratio 2.015 and 2.148) compared to the chemotherapy replacement group. Conclusions: Chemotherapy replacement has a better three-year RFS than no instillation in patients with intermediate- and high-risk NMIBC who received BCG instillation but facing treatment stoppage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041345
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Novel App-Based Portable Spirometer for the Early Detection of COPD
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-04-27), p. 785-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2021-04-27), p. 785-
    Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is preventable and treatable. However, many patients remain undiagnosed and untreated due to the underutilization or unavailability of spirometers. Accordingly, we used Spirobank Smart, an app-based spirometer, for facilitating the early detection of COPD in outpatient clinics. This prospective study recruited individuals who were at risk of COPD (i.e., with age of ≥40 years, ≥10 pack-years of smoking, and at least one respiratory symptoms) but had no previous COPD diagnosis. Eligible participants were examined with Spirobank Smart and then underwent confirmatory spirometry (performed using a diagnostic spirometer), regardless of their Spirobank Smart test results. COPD was defined and confirmed using the postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity values of 〈 0.70 as measured by confirmatory spirometry. A total of 767 participants were enrolled and examined using Spirobank Smart; 370 participants (94.3% men, mean age of 60.9 years and mean 42.6 pack-years of smoking) underwent confirmatory spirometry. Confirmatory spirometry identified COPD in 103 participants (27.8%). At the optimal cutoff point of 0.74 that was determined using Spirobank Smart for COPD diagnosis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic was 0.903 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.860–0.947). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that participants who have an FEV1/FVC ratio of 〈 74% that was determined using Spirobank Smart (odds ratio (OR) = 58.58, 95% CI = 27.29–125.75) and old age (OR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.04–10.07 for 60 ≤ age 〈 65; OR = 5.82, 95% CI = 2.22–15.27 for age ≥ 65) had a higher risk of COPD. The Spirobank Smart is a simple and adequate tool for early COPD detection in outpatient clinics. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy based on GOLD guidelines can positively influence respiratory symptoms and quality of life.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050785
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 9
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    Application of microRNA in Human Osteoporosis and Fragility Fracture: A Systemic Review of Literatures
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 10 ( 2021-05-15), p. 5232-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 10 ( 2021-05-15), p. 5232-
    Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could serve as ideal entry points to the deregulated pathways in osteoporosis due to their relatively simple upstream and downstream relationships with other molecules in the signaling cascades. Our study aimed to give a comprehensive review of the already identified miRNAs in osteoporosis from human blood samples and provide useful information for their clinical application. A systematic literature search for relevant studies was conducted in the Pubmed database from inception to December 2020. We set two essential inclusion criteria: human blood sampling and design of controlled studies. We sorted the results of analysis on human blood samples according to the study settings and compiled the most promising miRNAs with analyzed diagnostic values. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo evidence for the mechanisms of the identified miRNAs was also illustrated. Based on both diagnostic value and evidence of mechanism from in vitro and in vivo experiments, miR-23b-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-300, miR-155-5p, miR-208a-3p, and miR-637 were preferred candidates in diagnostic panels and as therapeutic agents. Further studies are needed to build sound foundations for the clinical usage of miRNAs in osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105232
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Compassionate Treatment of Brainstem Tumors with Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: A Case Series
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Life Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-10), p. 566-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-10), p. 566-
    Abstract: Brainstem tumors are heterogenous and cancerous glioma tumors arising from the midbrain, pons, and the medulla that are relatively common in children, accounting for 10% to 20% of all pediatric brain tumors. However, the prognosis of aggressive brainstem gliomas remains extremely poor despite aggressive treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. That means there are many life-threatening patients who have exhausted all available treatment options and are beginning to face end-of-life stage. Therefore, the unique properties of highly selective heavy particle irradiation with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) may be well suited to prolong the lives of patients with end-stage brainstem gliomas. Herein, we report a case series of life-threatening patients with end-stage brainstem glioma who eligible for Emergency and Compassionate Use, in whom we performed a scheduled two fractions of salvage BNCT strategy with low treatment dosage each time. No patients experienced acute or late adverse events related to BNCT. There were 3 patients who relapsed after two fractionated BNCT treatment, characterized by younger age, lower T/N ratio, and receiving lower treatment dose. Therefore, two fractionated low-dose BNCT may be a promising treatment for end-stage brainstem tumors. For younger patients with low T/N ratios, more fractionated low-dose BNCT should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life12040566
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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