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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic Testing in Children with Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies: A Review of Advances in Epilepsy Genomics
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Children Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-03-15), p. 556-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2023-03-15), p. 556-
    Abstract: Advances in disease-related gene discovery have led to tremendous innovations in the field of epilepsy genetics. Identification of genetic mutations that cause epileptic encephalopathies has opened new avenues for the development of targeted therapies. Clinical testing using extensive gene panels, exomes, and genomes is currently accessible and has resulted in higher rates of diagnosis and better comprehension of the disease mechanisms underlying the condition. Children with developmental disabilities have a higher risk of developing epilepsy. As our understanding of the mechanisms underlying encephalopathies and epilepsies improves, there may be greater potential to develop innovative therapies tailored to an individual’s genotype. This article provides an overview of the significant progress in epilepsy genomics in recent years, with a focus on developmental and epileptic encephalopathies in children. The aim of this review is to enhance comprehension of the clinical utilization of genetic testing in this particular patient population. The development of effective and precise therapeutic strategies for epileptic encephalopathies may be facilitated by a comprehensive understanding of their molecular pathogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children10030556
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2732685-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Is Preterm Birth a Risk Factor for Subsequent Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children with Febrile Seizure?—A Retrospective Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Life Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-08-20), p. 854-
    Details
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2021-08-20), p. 854-
    Abstract: Febrile seizure (FS) is the most prevalent childhood seizure; it is significantly related to subsequent epilepsy and has possible links to childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Separately, premature births are believed to increase the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, this study investigated whether preterm birth is a risk factor for subsequent epilepsy, ASD, and ADHD in children with FS. We retrospectively collected data for children aged 〈 5 years with FS from 1 January 2005, to 31 December 2013. We divided these children into two groups—the premature birth group and the full-term group—and compared their incidence rates of epilepsy, ASD and ADHD. The data of 426 patients with history of febrile convulsion were retrospectively collected. The premature birth group (FS+/preterm+) had 108 patients and the full-term group (FS+/preterm−) had 318 patients. The overall epilepsy risk in the FS+/preterm+ group was higher than in the FS+/preterm− group (odds ratio [OR], 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] , 1.14–5.58; p = 0.02). The overall risk of ADHD in the FS+/preterm+ group was higher than that in the FS+/preterm− group (OR, 6.41; 95% CI, 3.39–12.09; p = 0.0001). In addition, children with FS+/preterm+ had 16.9 times (95% CI, 4.79–59.7; p = 0.0001) higher odds of having ASD compared with those with FS+/preterm−. Preterm birth may be a risk factor for subsequent epilepsy, ASD and ADHD in children with FS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/life11080854
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Perception and Willingness to Maintain Continuity of Care by Parents of Children with Asthma in Taiwan
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 7 ( 2021-03-30), p. 3600-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 7 ( 2021-03-30), p. 3600-
    Abstract: To investigate caregivers’ attitudes toward continuity of care (COC) and their willingness to maintain continuity for their children with asthma under a national health insurance (NHI) system without strict referral management. We sampled 825 individuals from six pediatric outpatient departments in different parts of Taiwan from 2017 to 2018. We used a contingent valuation with a payment card method. Post-stratification weighting adjustment and coarsened exact matching were utilized. Multiple logistic regression was used to compare the willingness to pay and spend extra time maintaining continuity by parents. More than 80% of caregivers in the asthma group believed having a primary pediatrician was important for children’s health. Only 27.5% and 15.8% of caregivers in the asthma and control groups, respectively, believed changing pediatricians would negatively affect therapeutic outcomes. Regression analysis showed that the predicted willingness to pay for the asthma and non-asthma groups were NT$508 (SD = 196) and NT$402 (SD = 172), respectively, and there was a significant positive dose–response relationship between household income and willingness to pay for maintaining health care provider continuity. Caregivers’ free choices among health care providers may reduce willingness to spend extra effort to maintain high COC. Caregivers should be educated on the importance of COC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073600
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Endoloop-Assisted Polypectomy for a Symptomatic Giant Colonic Polyp in a Pediatric Patient
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Children Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2022-02-07), p. 222-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2022-02-07), p. 222-
    Abstract: Colonic polyps are a common cause of persistent bloody stools in pediatric patients. Such polyps are easily diagnosed by a barium study of the lower gastrointestinal tract or by colonoscopy. Polypectomies utilizing electric ligators are generally performed on pediatric patients, and such patients can be easily operated on. However, giant colonic polyps have been reported in pediatric patients. In the past, a laparotomy or laparoscopy would have been performed in some pediatric patients diagnosed with a giant colonic polyp; however, the large size, location, or position of the polyp would sometimes be too large or the location or position of the polyp would make successful operation difficult. In general, larger stumps with large feeding arteries are associated with larger colonic polyps. Therefore, if such a polyp is removed via electric polypectomy alone, there may be a higher risk of post-polypectomy bleeding from its stump. We report a case of a 14-year-old male patient who presented with a 2-month history of bloody stools. A giant juvenile colonic polyp was detected by colonoscopy in the transverse colon. Finally, we successfully removed the giant polyp by using endoloop-assisted polypectomy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children9020222
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2732685-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Air Pollution Exposure and Risk of Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Children: A Longitudinal, Nationwide Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Children Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-01-04), p. 61-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-01-04), p. 61-
    Abstract: Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) involves the spontaneous appearance of air in the pleural space. Atmospheric pressure, temperature change, and seasonal factors may precipitate SP, but its association with air pollution remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this nationwide, retrospective population-based study to evaluate the risk of SP in Taiwanese children exposed to air pollution. We collected data on SP incidence from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database; the Taiwan Air Quality-Monitoring Database provided daily concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and hydrocarbons in 2000–2012. SP risk was evaluated for four quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4). The NO adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for Q2, Q3, and Q4 compared to Q1 were 1.11 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77–1.61), 1.24 (95% CI: 0.88–1.76), and 1.66 (95% CI: 1.17–2.34), respectively. The NO2 aHRs for Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 1.12 (95% CI: 0.77–1.64), 1.31 (95% CI: 0.0.90–1.90), and 1.51 (95% CI: 1.04–2.19), respectively. Hydrocarbons aHRs for Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 0.87 (95% CI: 0.64–1.18), 1.16 (95% CI: 0.90–1.49), and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.06–1.85), respectively. Increased exposure to NO, NO2, and hydrocarbons is associated with increased SP risk in Taiwanese children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children9010061
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2732685-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lamotrigine Induced DRESS Syndrome in a Child: A Case Report and Literature Review
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Children Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2021-11-19), p. 1063-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2021-11-19), p. 1063-
    Abstract: Lamotrigine is an important anticonvulsant drug. Its use, however, has been limited by the risk of potentially life-threatening dermatological reactions, such as a drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Here, we report the case of a 7-year-6-month-old girl with a history of epilepsy who developed a skin rash with dyspnoea after 2 weeks of lamotrigine treatment, with DRESS ultimately being diagnosed. After discontinuation of the offending drug and the initiation of systemic glucocorticosteroids, the DRESS symptoms were relieved and the patient was discharged in a stable condition. Anticonvulsant drugs such as lamotrigine are among the factors that induce DRESS in children. When a patient displays skin rash and systemic organ involvement following the initiation of an anticonvulsant drug, DRESS should not be overlooked as a diagnosis, and immunosuppressant drugs should be considered as an option for treating DRESS patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children8111063
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2732685-8
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Combined Effects of Obesity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Are Associated with Response Inhibition: An ERP Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 7 ( 2021-03-25), p. 3429-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 7 ( 2021-03-25), p. 3429-
    Abstract: Obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness exhibit negative and positive impacts, respectively, on executive function. Nevertheless, the combined effects of these two factors on executive function remain unclear. This study investigated the combined effects of obesity and cardiorespiratory fitness on response inhibition of executive function from both behavioral and neuroelectric perspectives. Ninety-six young adults aged between 18 and 25 years were recruited and assigned into four groups: the high cardiorespiratory fitness with normal weight (NH), high cardiorespiratory fitness with obesity (OH), low cardiorespiratory fitness with normal weight (NL), and low cardiorespiratory fitness with obesity (OL) groups. The stop-signal task and its induced P3 component of event-related potentials was utilized to index response inhibition. The participants with higher cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., the NH and OH groups) demonstrated better behavioral performance (i.e., shorter response times and higher accuracy levels), as well as shorter stop-signal response times and larger P3 amplitudes than their counterparts with low cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., the NL and OL groups). The study provides first-hand evidence of the substantial effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on the response inhibition, including evidence that the detrimental effects of obesity might be overcome by high cardiorespiratory fitness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073429
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Polysomnography Is an Important Method for Diagnosing Pediatric Sleep Problems: Experience of One Children’s Hospital
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Children Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2021-11-02), p. 991-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2021-11-02), p. 991-
    Abstract: In this study, we collected and analyzed polysomnography (PSG) data to investigate the value of PSG in diagnosing sleep problems in children. The results of PSG studies of children ( 〈 18 years old) with sleep problems conducted from April 2015 to May 2017 at a children’s hospital in Taiwan were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Data for 310 patients (209 males and 101 females) who underwent PSG were collected. The final diagnoses were as follows: obstructive sleep apnea in 159 (51.3%), snoring in 81 (26.4%), limb movement sleep disorder in 25 (8.1%), hypersomnias in 12 (3.9%), central apnea in 8 (2.9%), enuresis in 7 (2.3%), bruxism in 5 (1.6%), sleep terrors in 5 (1.6%), narcolepsy in 3 (1.0%), sleep seizures in 3 (1.0%), sleep walking in 1 (0.3%), and insomnia in 1 (0.3%). PSG may help detect significant sleep-related problems in children and is useful for making therapeutic decisions regarding children. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was the primary sleep problem for most of the children (51.3%); however, only 7.4% of them underwent surgery for OSAS. We therefore suggest that children with sleep problems should undergo PSG.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children8110991
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2732685-8
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cytomegalovirus Infection in Infancy May Increase the Risk of Subsequent Epilepsy and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Childhood
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Children Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2021-11-11), p. 1040-
    Details
    In: Children, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2021-11-11), p. 1040-
    Abstract: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous virus, and CMV-associated diseases range from mild illness in immunologically normal hosts to life-threatening diseases in newborns and immunocompromised children. This study investigated the association between childhood CMV infection and subsequent epilepsy or neurodevelopmental disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A retrospective analysis was performed on data for 69 children with confirmed CMV infections (CMV infection group) and 292 patients with other infections (control group) between 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2012. The results indicated that the CMV infection group had a higher risk of epilepsy in comparison to the control (odds ratio (OR), 16.4; 95% CI (confidence interval), 3.32–80.7; p = 0.001). Epilepsy risk increased in younger children (age 0–2) with CMV infection when compared to the control group (OR, 32.6; 95% CI, 3.84–276; p = 0.001). The ASD risk was also determined to be higher in the CMV infection group (OR, 17.9; 95% CI, 1.96–162; p = 0.01). The ADHD risk between the groups was not significant. This study suggests that CMV infection in infancy may increase the risk of subsequent epilepsy and ASD, especially in infants younger than 2 years, but is not associated with ADHD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/children8111040
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Combining the MDM and BWM Algorithm to Determine the Optimal Crowdfunding Tokenization Solution for Digital Assets Market Startups
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Systems Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2022-06-28), p. 87-
    Details
    In: Systems, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2022-06-28), p. 87-
    Abstract: This study aimed to use the modified Delphi method and best worst method to establish an evaluation model for analyzing the perspectives and key influencing factors used in evaluating startups’ optimal token-financing solutions. In accordance with the modified Delphi method, a list of influencing factors was obtained through expert opinions and a literature review, and, further, adopted to construct an evaluation model and the subsequent weights. Thereafter, the relative weight of each factor in the best worst method framework was determined, to obtain the optimal token-financing solution. This study makes important contributions in theory and in practice by providing a decision-making model based on the modified Delphi method and the best worst method, which can serve as a valuable reference and measurement tool for startups to evaluate optimal solutions, when undertaking token financing. Academically, it contributes to the literature by providing an application process that integrates the modified Delphi method and the best worst method, and introduces an optimal evaluation framework for startups to use when undertaking token financing. In addition, it makes a practical contribution in the context of the rapid development of FinTech, as the evaluation model proposed in this study can be a valuable measurement tool for startup entrepreneurs who intend to use token financing to improve the capital turnover rate of their equity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-8954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/systems10040087
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2663185-4
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