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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ultra-Short Circulating Tumor DNA (usctDNA) in Plasma and Saliva of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2020-07-24), p. 2041-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2020-07-24), p. 2041-
    Abstract: Mutations identified in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) predict sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). We previously reported that Electric Field-Induced Release and Measurement (EFIRM)-based liquid biopsy could detect EGFR ctDNA with 〉 94% concordance with tissue-based genotyping. A side-by-side comparison of concordance of EFIRM and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for the detection of the two front-line actionable EFGR mutations was performed with paired plasma and saliva samples from 13 NSCLC patients. Deep sequencing analysis based on single-strand DNA library preparation was employed to determine the size distributions of EGFR L858R ctDNA in plasma and saliva samples. EFIRM detected both EGFR mutations with 100% sensitivity in both plasma and saliva samples, whereas ddPCR detected EGFR mutations with sensitivities of 84.6% and 15.4%, respectively. In saliva samples, the majority of EGFR L858R ctDNA fragments detected were 〈 80 bp. Deep sequencing analysis of ctDNA enriched for the EGFR L858R mutation revealed the significant presence of EGFR L858R ctDNA as ultra-short circulating tumor DNA (usctDNA) with the size of 40–60 bp in patient plasma and saliva. Most of usctDNAs are not amplifiable with the current ddPCR assay. Further examination using cell lines and patient biofluids revealed that the majority of usctDNAs were predominately localized in the exosomal fraction. Our study revealed the abundant existence of EGFR ctDNA in the plasma and saliva of NSCLC patients is usctDNA. usctDNA is a novel type of targets for liquid biopsy that can be efficiently detected by EFIRM technology.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082041
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prognostic Value of Comorbidity for Patients with Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma after Radical Nephroureterectomy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cancers Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2022-03-12), p. 1466-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 6 ( 2022-03-12), p. 1466-
    Abstract: Patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) have a high prevalence of comorbidities. However, the prognostic impact of comorbidities in these patients is not well studied. We aimed to outline the comorbidity burden in UTUC patients and investigate its relationship with overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and progression-free survival (PFS). We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological data of 409 non-metastatic UTUC patients who received radical nephroureterectomy between 2000 and 2015. The comorbidity burden was evaluated using the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 (ACE-27). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high ACE-27 grade was significantly associated with worse PFS, CSS, and OS. In multivariate Cox regression and competing risk analyses, we found that ACE-27 grade, tumor stage, and tumor grade were independent prognosticators of OS, CSS, and PFS. We combined these three significant factors to construct a prognostic model for predicting clinical outcomes. A receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that our prognostic model had high predictive performance. The Harrel’s concordance indices of this model for predicting OS, CSS, and PFS were 0.81, 0.85, and 0.85, respectively. The results suggest that the UTUC patient comorbidity burden (ACE-27) provides information on the risk for meaningful clinical outcomes of OS, CSS, and PFS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061466
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of Metabolic Correlations of Ursodeoxycholic Acid with Other Bile Acid Species through In Vitro Sequential Metabolism and Isomer-Focused Identification
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 12 ( 2023-06-16), p. 4801-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 12 ( 2023-06-16), p. 4801-
    Abstract: As a first-line agent for cholestasis treatment in a clinic, ursodeoxycholic acid rectifies the perturbed bile acids (BAs) submetabolome in a holistic manner. Considering the endogenous distribution of ursodeoxycholic acid and extensive occurrences of isomeric metabolites, it is challenging to point out whether a given bile acid species is impacted by ursodeoxycholic acid in a direct or indirect manner, thus hindering the therapeutic mechanism clarification. Here, an in-depth exploration of the metabolism pattern of ursodeoxycholic acid was attempted. Sequential metabolism in vitro with enzyme-enriched liver microsomes was implemented to simulate the step-wise metabolism and to capture the metabolically labile intermediates in the absence of endogenous BAs. Squared energy-resolved mass spectrometry (ER2-MS) was utilized to achieve isomeric identification of the conjugated metabolites. As a result, 20 metabolites (M1–M20) in total were observed and confirmatively identified. Of those, eight metabolites were generated by hydroxylation, oxidation, and epimerization, which were further metabolized to nine glucuronides and three sulfates by uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferases and sulfotransferases, respectively. Regarding a given phase II metabolite, the conjugation sites were correlated with first-generation breakdown graphs corresponding to the linkage fission mediated by collision-induced dissociation, and the structural nuclei were identified by matching second-generation breakdown graphs with the known structures. Together, except for intestinal-bacteria-involved biotransformation, the current study characterized BA species directly influenced by ursodeoxycholic acid administration. Moreover, sequential metabolism in vitro should be a meaningful way of characterizing the metabolic pathways of endogenous substances, and squared energy-resolved mass spectrometry is a legitimate tool for structurally identifying phase II metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124801
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Wide-Frequency Dense Signals Based on Fast Minimization Algorithm
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Energies Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2022-08-02), p. 5618-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2022-08-02), p. 5618-
    Abstract: To improve the detection speed for wide-frequency dense signals (WFDSs), a fast minimization algorithm (FMA) was proposed in this study. Firstly, this study modeled the WFDSs and performed a Taylor-series expansion of the sampled model. Secondly, we simplified the sampling model based on the augmented Lagrange multiplier (ALM) method and then calculated the augmented Lagrange function of the sampling model. Finally, according to the alternating minimization strategy, the Lagrange multiplier vector and the sparse block phasor in the function were iterated individually to realize the measurement of the original signal components. The results show that the algorithm improved the analysis accuracy of the WFDS by 35% to 46% on the IEEE C37.118.1a-2014 standard for the wide-frequency noise test, harmonic modulation test, and step-change test, providing a theoretical basis for the development of the P-class phasor measurement unit (PMU).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en15155618
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Acrylamide Hydrogel-Modified Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors for pH Sensing
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-06-16), p. 2070-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-06-16), p. 2070-
    Abstract: In this study, we report a pH-responsive hydrogel-modified silicon nanowire field-effect transistor for pH sensing, whose modification is operated by spin coating, and whose performance is characterized by the electrical curve of field-effect transistors. The results show that the hydrogel sensor can measure buffer pH in a repeatable and stable manner in the pH range of 3–13, with a high pH sensitivity of 100 mV/pH. It is considered that the swelling of hydrogel occurring in an aqueous solution varies the dielectric properties of acrylamide hydrogels, causing the abrupt increase in the source-drain current. It is believed that the design of the sensor can provide a promising direction for future biosensing applications utilizing the excellent biocompatibility of hydrogels.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12122070
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Validation of Hyponatremia as a Prognostic Predictor in Multiregional Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2020-04-23), p. 1218-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2020-04-23), p. 1218-
    Abstract: Hyponatremia has been shown to be associated with prognosis in various cancers, but its role in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is largely unidentified. We created an international multiregional cohort of UTUC, consisting of 524 and 213 patients from Taiwan and the U.S., to validate the significance of hyponatremia. Clinicopathologic characteristics were compared according to the presence of hyponatremia. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to investigate the association of hyponatremia with disease progression and survival. The impact of hyponatremia in patients from distinct regions was also analyzed. Hyponatremia was found in 143 (19.4%) patients. Hyponatremic patients had significantly worse Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (p = 0.00001) and higher pT stage (p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, hyponatremia was an independent prognostic factor for progression (HR 1.585, 95% CI 1.115–2.253, p = 0.010), cancer-specific death (HR 2.225, 95% CI 1.457–3.397, p = 0.0002), and overall mortality (HR 1.819, 95% CI 1.299–2.545, p = 0.0005). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed the consistent adverse effect of hyponatremia on all outcomes in patients from Taiwan and the U.S. (all p 〈 0.05). Hyponatremia is commonly accessible and can serve as a negative marker for both the general health condition and disease severity of UTUC patients. A similar implication of hyponatremia in progression and survival despite patients’ region of presentation suggests its general applicability across different ethnicities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041218
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Purity Assessment of Dinotefuran Using Mass Balance and Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Molecules Vol. 28, No. 9 ( 2023-05-04), p. 3884-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 28, No. 9 ( 2023-05-04), p. 3884-
    Abstract: Dinotefuran (DNT) belongs to the third-generation neonicotinoid pesticides, which are among the most common residuals in a variety of food commodities. To guarantee accurate quantification and traceability of results in food samples, certified reference materials (CRMs) are the indispensable benchmark. In this work, a DNT CRM was characterized and its purity was assessed by two independent methods, including mass balance (MB) and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR). The mass fraction of moisture was 0.33 mg/g, the inorganic impurity was 0.01 mg/g, and no detectable organic solvent was detected. Benzoic acid was chosen as the internal standard for qNMR. Its mass fraction was 997.9 mg/g and 992.9 mg/g by MB and qNMR, respectively. Eventually, the DNT CRM was assigned a mass fraction of 995 mg/g, with expanded uncertainty of 5 mg/g (k = 2). This CRM can be used to prepare calibrant solutions and is applicable to national routine monitoring of DNT residuals in agro-products and food.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093884
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Low Hemoglobin-to-Red Cell Distribution Width Ratio Is Associated with Disease Progression and Poor Prognosis in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2021-06-11), p. 672-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 6 ( 2021-06-11), p. 672-
    Abstract: The importance of blood cell markers in patients with malignant tumors has been studied, but there are few studies on the prognostic value of hemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio (HRR) in cancer. This is the first study to investigate the effect of preoperative HRR on patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Our retrospective cohort study included 730 UTUC patients who underwent nephroureterectomy from 2000 to 2019. Clinicopathological parameters were compared according to HRR levels, and the relationship between blood cell markers (HRR, white blood cell [WBC] count, platelet count) and prognosis was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model. We found that patients with HRR ≤ 1.05 tended to have worse renal function, higher pathological stages, and more high-grade tumors. In univariate analysis, HRR ≤ 1.05, WBC 〉 8.65 × 103 cells/μL and platelets 〉 309 × 103 cells/μL were associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HRR ≤ 1.05 and WBC 〉 8.65 × 103 cells/μL were independent prognostic factors for predicting deterioration of PFS, CSS, and OS. In conclusion, HRR and WBC are easy to obtain in clinical practice and are useful indicators to provide prognostic information before surgery for UTUC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060672
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Portraying Urban Functional Zones by Coupling Remote Sensing Imagery and Human Sensing Data
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2018-01-18), p. 141-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2018-01-18), p. 141-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs10010141
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 10
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    GNSS-IR Snow Depth Retrieval from Multi-GNSS and Multi-Frequency Data
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 13, No. 21 ( 2021-10-26), p. 4311-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 21 ( 2021-10-26), p. 4311-
    Abstract: Global navigation satellite system interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) represents an extra method to detect snow depth for climate research and water cycle managing. However, using a single frequency of GNSS-IR for snow depth retrieval is often found to be challenging when attempting to achieve a high spatial and temporal sensitivity. To evaluate both the capability of the GNSS-IR snow depth retrieved by the multi-GNSS system and multi-frequency from signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data, the accuracy of snow depth retrieval by different frequency signals from the multi-GNSS system is analyzed, and a joint retrieval is carried out by combining the multi-GNSS system retrieval results. The SNR data of the global positioning system (GPS), global orbit navigation satellite system (GLONASS), Galileo satellite navigation system (Galileo), and BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) from the P387 station of the U.S. Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) are analyzed. A Lomb–Scargle periodogram (LSP) spectrum analysis is used to compare the difference in reflector height between the snow-free and snow surfaces in order to retrieve the snow depth, which is compared with the PBO snow depth. First, the different frequency retrieval results of the multi-GNSS system are analyzed. Then, the retrieval accuracy of the different GNSS systems is analyzed through multi-frequency mean fusion. Finally, the joint retrieval accuracy of the multi-GNSS system is analyzed through mean fusion. The experimental shows that the retrieval results of different frequencies of the multi-GNSS system have a strong correlation with the PBO snow depth, and that the accuracy is better than 10 cm. The multi-frequency mean fusion of different GNSS systems can effectively improve the retrieval accuracy, which is better than 7 cm. The joint retrieval accuracy of the multi-GNSS system is further improved, with a correlation coefficient (R) between the retrieval snow depth and the PBO snow depth of 0.99, and the accuracy is better than 3 cm. Therefore, using multi-GNSS and multi-frequency data to retrieve the snow depth has a good accuracy and feasibility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs13214311
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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