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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of Typical Volatile Organic Compounds Levels in New Vehicles under Static and Driving Conditions
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2022-06-09), p. 7048-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2022-06-09), p. 7048-
    Abstract: In modern societies, the air quality in vehicles has received extensive attention because a lot of time is spent within the indoor air compartment of vehicles. In order to further understand the level of air quality under different conditions in new vehicles, the vehicle interior air quality (VIAQ) in new vehicles with three different brands was investigated under static and driving conditions, respectively. Air sampling and analysis are conducted under the requirement of HJ/T 400-2007. Static vehicle tests demonstrate that with the increasing of vehicle interior air temperature in sunshine conditions, a higher concentration and different types of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) release from the interior materials than that in the environment test chamber, including alkanes, alcohols, ketones, benzenes, alkenes, aldehydes, esters and naphthalene. Driving vehicle tests demonstrate that the concentration of VOCs and total VOCs (TVOC) inside vehicles exposed to high temperatures will be reduced to the same level as that in the environment test chamber after a period of driving. The air pollutants mainly include alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. However, the change trends of VOCs and TVOC vary under different conditions according to various kinds of factors, such as vehicle model, driving speed, air exchange rate, temperature, and types of substance with different boiling points inside the vehicles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127048
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Highly Resolved Phylogenetic Relationships within Order Acipenseriformes According to Novel Nuclear Markers
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Genes Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019-01-10), p. 38-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2019-01-10), p. 38-
    Abstract: Order Acipenseriformes contains 27 extant species distributed across the northern hemisphere, including so-called “living fossil” species of garfish and sturgeons. Previous studies have focused on their mitochondrial genetics and have rarely used nuclear genetic data, leaving questions as to their phylogenetic relationships. This study aimed to utilize a bioinformatics approach to screen for candidate single-copy nuclear genes, using transcriptomic data from sturgeon species and genomic data from the spotted gar, Lepisosteus oculatus. We utilized nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and degenerate primers to identify nuclear protein-coding (NPC) gene markers to determine phylogenetic relationships among the Acipenseriformes. We identified 193 nuclear single-copy genes, selected from 1850 candidate genes with at least one exon larger than 700 bp. Forty-three of these genes were used for primer design and development of 30 NPC markers, which were sequenced for at least 14 Acipenseriformes species. Twenty-seven NPC markers were found completely in 16 species. Gene trees according to Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) were calculated based on the 30 NPC markers (20,946 bp total). Both gene and species trees produced very similar topologies. A molecular clock model estimated the divergence time between sturgeon and paddlefish at 204.1 Mya, approximately 10% later than previous estimates based on cytochrome b data (184.4 Mya). The successful development and application of NPC markers provides a new perspective and insight for the phylogenetic relationships of Acipenseriformes. Furthermore, the newly developed nuclear markers may be useful in further studies on the conservation, evolution, and genomic biology of this group.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes10010038
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental DNA Metabarcoding Reflects Fish DNA Dynamics in Lentic Ecosystems: A Case Study of Freshwater Ponds
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Fishes Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2022-09-26), p. 257-
    Details
    In: Fishes, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2022-09-26), p. 257-
    Abstract: Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a good indicator of fish diversity and distribution in aquatic environments. This study used metabarcoding to assess fish diversity and distribution in two connected ponds during two sampling periods. The eDNA analysis of surface samples displayed differences in the fish communities between the two connected ponds, while within each sampling site the species detected across the two time points were not always the same. These results revealed poor horizontal transport of eDNA between the two connected ponds alongside poor mixing of eDNA for a single pond’s stocked fish. Additionally, water temperature, pH, and total nitrogen were the key environmental factors affecting fish eDNA spatial and temporal distribution. These findings have important implications for designing eDNA sampling strategies in lentic ecosystems; for example, complete fish diversity in a lentic ecosystem cannot be detected by collecting only surface samples and in only one sampling period.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2410-3888
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fishes7050257
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2932929-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adaptive Evolution of the Eda Gene and Scales Loss in Schizothoracine Fishes in Response to Uplift of the Tibetan Plateau
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 10 ( 2018-09-27), p. 2953-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 10 ( 2018-09-27), p. 2953-
    Abstract: Schizothoracine is the predominant wild fish subfamily of the Tibetan plateau (TP). Their scales, pharyngeal teeth and barbels have gradually regressed with increasing altitude. Schizothoracine have been divided into three groups: primitive, specialized and highly specialized. Ectodysplasin-A (Eda) has been considered as a major gene that contributes to the development of skin appendages. The present study cloned the Eda genes of 51 Schizothoracine fish species which represent the three groups and five Barbinae species. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Eda may have acted as the genetic trigger for scale loss in the Schizothoracine. Furthermore, 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two deletions (18 bp and 6 bp in size), were also detected in the Eda coding sequence of the highly specialized group compared to the primitive group. The same SNPs and two indels result in four non-synonymous and two G-X-Y and 1 XY motif indels, which possibly contribute to significant structure changes in the Eda gene. The domain including (G-X-Y)n motif in the Eda gene is relatively conserved amongst teleosts. Based on the above results, we hypothesize that the evolution of Eda gene might be associated with the scale loss in Schizothoracine fishes in response to the phased uplift of the TP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102953
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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