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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Orphan Nuclear Receptor RORγ Modulates the Genome-Wide Binding of the Cholesterol Metabolic Genes during Mycotoxin-Induced Liver Injury
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2021-07-25), p. 2539-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2021-07-25), p. 2539-
    Abstract: Maintaining lipid homeostasis is crucial to liver function, the key organ that governs the whole-body energy metabolism. In contrast, lipid dysregulation has been implicated in mycotoxin-induced liver injury, by which the pathophysiological regulation and the molecular components involved remain elusive. Here we focused on the potential roles of orphan nuclear receptor (NR) RORγ in lipid programming, and aimed to explore its action on cholesterol regulation in the liver of mycotoxin-exposed piglets. We found that liver tissues were damaged in the mycotoxin-exposed piglets compared to the healthy controls, revealed by histological analysis, elevated seral ALT, AST and ALP levels, and increased caspase 3/7 activities. Consistent with the transcriptomic finding of down-regulated cholesterol metabolism, we demonstrated that both cholesterol contents and cholesterol biosynthesis/transformation gene expressions in the mycotoxin-exposed livers were reduced, including HMGCS1, FDPS, SQLE, EBP, FDFT1 and VLDLR. Furthermore, we reported that RORγ binds to the cholesterol metabolic genes in porcine hepatocytes using a genome-wide ChIP-seq analysis, whereas mycotoxin decreased the RORγ binding occupancies genome-wide, especially at the cholesterol metabolic pathway. In addition, we revealed the enrichment of co-factors p300 and SRC, the histone marks H3K27ac and H3K4me2, together with RNA Polymerase II (Pol-II) at the locus of HMGCS1 in hepatocytes, which were reduced by mycotoxin-exposure. Our results provide a deep insight into the cholesterol metabolism regulation during mycotoxin-induced liver injury, and propose NRs as therapeutic targets for anti-mycotoxin treatments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13082539
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 2
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    A Thermostable Dissolving Microneedle Vaccine with Recombinant Protein of Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Toxins Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-12-16), p. 881-
    Details
    In: Toxins, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2022-12-16), p. 881-
    Abstract: Background: As a Class A bioterrorism agent, botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) carries the risk of being used by terrorists to cause mass poisoning. The microneedle (MN) patch has a great potential for application as a novel vaccine delivery method. The aim of this study is to develop a thermally stable, dissolving microneedle patch for the delivery of a recombinant protein vaccine using a recombinant C-terminal heavy chain of BoNT/A (Hc of BoNT/A, AHc) to prevent botulism. Methods: Fish gelatin, a natural non-toxic and bacteriostatic material, was selected as the microneedle matrix for the preparation of the dissolving microneedle vaccine. Subsequently, the mechanical performance, bacteriostatic properties, vaccination effect, and stability of the microneedle patches were evaluated using instruments such as the displacement-force test station and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanner. Results: Fish gelatin matrix at high concentrations has good bacteriostatic properties, and excellent mechanical performance and vaccination effect, meeting the necessities of a vaccine. In both in vivo and in vitro neutralization experiments, MN vaccines containing different antigen doses achieved the same protective efficacy as subcutaneous vaccinations, protecting mice against 106 LD50 of BoNT/A injected intraperitoneally. Thermal stability analysis of the MN vaccines revealed that the fish gelatin matrix protected the AHc vaccine from protein denaturation even after 7 days of storage at 37 °C and enabled the vaccine patches to maintain good immunogenicity and protective efficacy even after 6 months of storage at room temperature. Conclusion: In this study, we successfully prepared a bacteriostatic MN patch using a fish gelatin matrix that not only has a good vaccination effect, but also obviates the need for a cold chain for the AHc vaccine, providing the possibility of rapid, painless, and large-scale vaccination.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6651
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120881
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518395-3
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  • 3
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    The Circadian Physiology: Implications in Livestock Health
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2021-02-20), p. 2111-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2021-02-20), p. 2111-
    Abstract: Circadian rhythms exist in almost all types of cells in mammals. Thousands of genes exhibit approximately 24 h oscillations in their expression levels, making the circadian clock a crucial regulator of their normal functioning. In this regard, environmental factors to which internal physiological processes are synchronized (e.g., nutrition, feeding/eating patterns, timing and light exposure), become critical to optimize animal physiology, both by managing energy use and by realigning the incompatible processes. Once the circadian clock is disrupted, animals will face the increased risks of diseases, especially metabolic phenotypes. However, little is known about the molecular components of these clocks in domestic species and by which they respond to external stimuli. Here we review evidence for rhythmic control of livestock production and summarize the associated physiological functions, and the molecular mechanisms of the circadian regulation in pig, sheep and cattle. Identification of environmental and physiological inputs that affect circadian gene expressions will help development of novel targets and the corresponding approaches to optimize production efficiency in farm animals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042111
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Simultaneous Detection of Seven Human Coronaviruses by Multiplex PCR and MALDI-TOF MS
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  COVID Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2021-12-29), p. 5-17
    Details
    In: COVID, MDPI AG, Vol. 2, No. 1 ( 2021-12-29), p. 5-17
    Abstract: Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are associated with a range of respiratory symptoms. The discovery of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and SARS-CoV-2 pose a significant threat to human health. In this study, we developed a method (HCoV-MS) that combines multiplex PCR with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), to detect and differentiate seven HCoVs simultaneously. The HCoV-MS method had high specificity and sensitivity, with a 1–5 copies/reaction detection limit. To validate the HCoV-MS method, we tested 163 clinical samples, and the results showed good concordance with real-time PCR. Additionally, the detection sensitivity of HCoV-MS and real-time PCR was comparable. The HCoV-MS method is a sensitive assay, requiring only 1 μL of a sample. Moreover, it is a high-throughput method, allowing 384 samples to be processed simultaneously in 30 min. We propose that this method be used to complement real-time PCR for large-scale screening studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2673-8112
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/covid2010002
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3056217-X
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  • 5
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    Engineering Charge Transfer Characteristics in Hierarchical Cu2S QDs @ ZnO Nanoneedles with p–n Heterojunctions: Towards Highly Efficient and Recyclable Photocatalysts
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-12-23), p. 16-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2018-12-23), p. 16-
    Abstract: Equipped with staggered gap p-n heterojunctions, a new paradigm of photocatalysts based on hierarchically structured nano-match-shaped heterojunctions (NMSHs) Cu2S quantum dots (QDs)@ZnO nanoneedles (NNs) are successfully developed via engineering the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). Under UV and visible light illumination, the photocatalytic characteristics of Cu2S@ZnO heterojunctions with different loading amounts of Cu2S QDs are evaluated by the corresponding photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution. The results elaborate that the optimized samples (S3 serial specimens with six cycles of SILAR reaction) by means of tailored the band diagram exhibit appreciable improvement of photocatalytic activities among all synthesized samples, attributing to the sensitization of a proper amount of Cu2S QDs. Such developed architecture not only could form p–n junctions with ZnO nanoneedles to facilitate the separation of photo-generated carries but also interact with the surface defects of ZnO NNs to reduce the electron and hole recombination probability. Moreover, the existence of Cu2S QDs could also extend the light absorption to improve the utilization rate of sunlight. Importantly, under UV light S3 samples demonstrate the remarkably enhanced RhB degradation efficiency, which is clearly testified upon the charge transfer mechanism discussions and evaluations in the present work. Further supplementary investigations illustrate that the developed nanoscale Cu2S@ZnO heterostructures also possess an excellent photo-stability during our extensive recycling photocatalytic experiments, promising for a wide range of highly efficient and sustainably recyclable photocatalysts applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano9010016
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 6
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    Elucidation of the Flavor Aspects and Flavor-Associated Genomic Regions in Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) by Metabolomic Analysis and QTL-seq
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2022-08-14), p. 2450-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2022-08-14), p. 2450-
    Abstract: Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is a commercially important cucurbitaceous vegetable with health-promoting properties whose collections and cultivars differ considerably in their flavor aspects. However, the metabolomic profile related to flavor has not yet been elucidated. In the present study, a comprehensive metabolite analysis revealed the metabolite profile of the strong-flavor collection “J120” and weak-flavor collection “G32”. The major differentially expressed metabolites included carboxylic acids, their derivatives, and organooxygen compounds, which are involved in amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism. QTL-seq was used to identify candidate genomic regions controlling flavor in a MAGIC population comprising 377 elite lines. Three significant genomic regions were identified, and candidate genes likely associated with flavor were screened. Our study provides useful information for understanding the metabolic causes of flavor variation among bottle gourd collections and cultivars. Furthermore, the identified candidate genomic regions may facilitate rational breeding programs to improve bottle gourd quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11162450
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 7
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    Synthesis of a Flower-Like g-C3N4/ZnO Hierarchical Structure with Improved CH4 Sensing Properties
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2019-05-10), p. 724-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2019-05-10), p. 724-
    Abstract: In this paper, a hierarchical structure of graphite carbon nitride (g-C3N4) modified ZnO (g-C3N4/ZnO) was synthesized using a simple precipitation-calcination method. Through this method, g-C3N4 nanosheets with a controlled content were successfully decorated on the petals of flower-like ZnO. Various techniques were used to confirm the successful formation of the g-C3N4/ZnO hierarchical structure. The methane (CH4) sensing properties of g-C3N4/ZnO sensor were investigated. The result exhibited that after decorating ZnO with g-C3N4, the CH4 sensing performances of the fabricated sensor were remarkably improved. At the optimum operating temperature of 320 °C, the response of the sensor fabricated with CNZ-3 (the sample with an optimum content of g-C3N4) towards 1000 ppm CH4 was as high as 11.9 (Ra/Rg), which was about 2.2 times higher than that of the pure ZnO sensor (5.3). In addition, the CNZ-3 sensor also exhibited a fast response/recovery speed (15/28 s) and outstanding long-term stability. The enhancing CH4 sensing mechanism may be contributed to enlarged surface area, pore structure, and g-C3N4-ZnO n-n junction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano9050724
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 8
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    Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of MYB Transcription Factors and Their Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Woodland Strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Horticulturae Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2021-05-02), p. 97-
    Details
    In: Horticulturae, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 5 ( 2021-05-02), p. 97-
    Abstract: Woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is a diploid strawberry that is widely used as a model of cultivated octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). It has also been used as a model for Rosaceae fruits, non-climacteric fruits, and stolons. The MYB superfamily is the largest transcription factor family in plants, and its members play important roles in plant growth and development. However, the complete MYB superfamily in woodland strawberry has not been studied. In this study, a total of 217 MYB genes were identified in woodland strawberry and classified into four groups: one 4R-MYB protein, five 3R-MYB proteins, 113 2R-MYB proteins, and 98 1R-MYB proteins. The phylogenetic relationship of each MYB subgroup was consistent in terms of intron/exon structure and conserved motif composition. The MYB genes in woodland strawberry underwent loss and expansion events during evolution. The transcriptome data revealed that most FveMYB genes are expressed in several organs, whereas 15 FveMYB genes exhibit organ-specific expression, including five genes (FveMYB101, -112, -44, and -8; FveMYB1R81) in roots, two genes (FveMYB62 and -77) in stolon tips, three genes (FveMYB99 and -35; FveMYB1R96) in open flowers, and five genes (FveMYB76 and -100; FveMYB1R4, -5, and -86) in immature fruits. During fruit ripening of woodland strawberry, the expression levels of 84 FveMYB genes were decreased, of which five genes (FveMYB4, -22, -50, and -66; FveMYB1R57) decreased more than 10-fold, whereas those 18 FveMYB genes were increased, especially FveMYB10 and FveMYB74 increased more than 30-fold. In addition, the expression levels of 36, 68, 52, and 62 FveMYB genes were altered by gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, cold, and heat treatments, respectively, and among them, several genes exhibited similar expression patterns for multiple treatments, suggesting possible roles in the crosstalk of multiple signaling pathways. This study provides candidate genes for the study of stolon formation, fruit development and ripening, and abiotic stress responses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-7524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7050097
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813983-5
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  • 9
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    Performance Improvement of In-Ga-Zn Oxide Thin-Film Transistors by Excimer Laser Annealing
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2024-01-31), p. 225-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2024-01-31), p. 225-
    Abstract: We applied excimer laser annealing (ELA) on indium-zinc oxide (IZO) and IZO/indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) heterojunction thin-film transistors (TFTs) to improve their electrical characteristics. The IZO and IZO/IGZO heterojunction thin films were prepared by the physical vapor deposition method without any other annealing process. The crystalline state and composition of the as-deposited film and the excimer-laser-annealed films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In order to further enhance the electrical performance of TFT, we constructed a dual-heterojunction TFT structure. The results showed that the field-effect mobility could be improved to 9.8 cm2/V·s. Surprisingly, the device also possessed good optical stability. The electron accumulation at the a-IZO/HfO, HfO/a-IGZO, and a-IGZO/gate insulator (GI) interfaces confirmed the a-IGZO-channel conduction. The dual-heterojunction TFT with IZO/HfO/a-IGZO-assisted ELA provides a guideline for overcoming the trade-off between high mobility (μ) and positive VTh control for stable enhancement mode operation with increased ID.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi15020225
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 10
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    Hydrodynamic Analysis of a Novel Modular Floating Structure System Integrated with Floating Artificial Reefs and Wave Energy Converters
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2022-08-09), p. 1091-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2022-08-09), p. 1091-
    Abstract: A novel modular floating structure (MFS) system moored by tension legs was proposed, which is composed of hexagonal floating modules, floating artificial reefs and wave energy converters (WECs). The integration of floating artificial reefs and WECs into the MFS can improve the marine environment and produce considerable electricity. The effects of both wave characteristics and the module quantity on the hydrodynamic responses of the MFS system were studied in depth, based on a time-domain numerical model. Both the modules’ hydrodynamic interaction effect and the connectors’ mechanical coupling effect were considered. The results indicate that floating artificial reefs combined with WECs can effectively reduce wave loads and convert wave energy into electricity for the MFS system. More modules involved in the MFS system could significantly reduce motion response and produced more wave energy output, which indicates that the MFS system is suitable for large-scale expansion. The effect of different power take-off (PTO) damping coefficients on the WECs’ performance was further investigated, and the optimal damping coefficient was recommended for the MFS system. Finally, the main extreme responses of the MFS system were further investigated, and its safety was checked thoroughly. One survival strategy was proposed, which could efficiently reduce extreme connector loads by more than 50%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse10081091
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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