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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efficient Editing of the ZBED6-Binding Site in Intron 3 of IGF2 in a Bovine Model Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Genes Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2022-06-24), p. 1132-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2022-06-24), p. 1132-
    Abstract: Background: Insulin-like growth factor 2 is a growth-promoting factor that plays an important role in the growth and development of mammals. A nucleotide substitution in intron 3 of IGF2—which disrupts the ZBED6-binding site—affects muscle mass, organ size, and fat deposition in pigs. The ZBED6-binding site is also conserved in cattle. Methods: In the present study, we introduced mutations in the ZBED6-binding site in intron3 of IGF2 in bovine fetal fibroblasts using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and investigated the effect of disruption of ZBED6 binding on IGF2 expression. Results: Eleven biallelic-mutant single-cell clones were established, three of which contained no foreign DNA residues. Single-cell clones 93 and 135 were used to produce cloned embryos. Dual-luciferase reporter assay in C2C12 cells demonstrated that the mutation in the ZBED6-binding site increases the promoter 3 activity of bovine IGF2. A total of 49 mutant cloned embryos were transplanted into surrogate cows. Unfortunately, all cloned embryos died before birth. IGF2 was found to be hypomethylated in the only fetus born (stillborn), which may have been due to the incomplete reprogramming. Conclusions: We efficiently constructed IGF2-edited cell lines and cloned embryos, which provided a theoretical basis and experimental materials for beef cattle breeding.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes13071132
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Research on the Spatio-Temporal Differentiation Characteristics and Factors of Typical Square Cities in China from the Perspective of Human Settlements
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Buildings Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-05-27), p. 727-
    Details
    In: Buildings, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-05-27), p. 727-
    Abstract: Taking Dalian, a typical square city in China, as an example based on data from remote sensing images, questionnaires, spatial statistics, social economy, etc., 48 squares in the main districts were constructed from the perspective of human settlements in order to build five systems: nature, humanity, society, residence and support. The aim was to explore the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics and their driving mechanism. The results show the following: (1) The index system was constructed based on the human settlements perspective, and PCA was used to comprehensively evaluate it. Four principal component factors were extracted, and their cumulative contribution rate is 78.701%. On this basis, city squares were divided into four types: comprehensive square, recreational square, commercial service square and traffic square. (2) Using Mapinfo to visualize the square space, and taking the People’s Square as the center, the squares from the Tsarist Russia and Japanese colonial rule time periods were mainly distributed within 5 km, mostly in the direction of NE-SEE. During the construction of New China, city squares were distributed in all directions of the city, mainly between NE-SE and NNW-SSW. (3) ArcGIS was used to create an analysis chart of square service scope. Compared with 1999, it was more concentrated in central cities in 2016, and the service scope was relatively small. However, a square with high popularity has a wider influence. (4) The formation and evolution of the spatial pattern of city squares are affected by many factors, such as nature, economy, society, politics, ecological environment and technology. In the planning and development of city squares, Dalian should pay full attention to human settlements perpectives and add luster to the development of livable cities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-5309
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/buildings12060727
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661539-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PPARγ Acetylation in Adipocytes Exacerbates BAT Whitening and Worsens Age-Associated Metabolic Dysfunction
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Cells Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2023-05-18), p. 1424-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2023-05-18), p. 1424-
    Abstract: Aging and obesity are the two prominent driving forces of metabolic dysfunction, yet the common underlying mechanisms remain elusive. PPARγ, a central metabolic regulator and primary drug target combatting insulin resistance, is hyperacetylated in both aging and obesity. By employing a unique adipocyte-specific PPARγ acetylation-mimetic mutant knock-in mouse model, namely aKQ, we demonstrate that these mice develop worsened obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance as they age, and these metabolic deregulations are resistant to intervention by intermittent fasting. Interestingly, aKQ mice show a whitening phenotype of brown adipose tissue (BAT) manifested in lipid filling and suppressed BAT markers. Diet-induced obese aKQ mice retain an expected response to thiazolidinedione (TZD) treatment, while BAT function remains impaired. This BAT whitening phenotype persists even with the activation of SirT1 through resveratrol treatment. Moreover, the adverse effect of TZDs on bone loss is exacerbated in aKQ mice and is potentially mediated by their increased Adipsin levels. Our results collectively suggest pathogenic implications of adipocyte PPARγ acetylation, contributing to metabolic dysfunction in aging and thus posing as a potential therapeutic target.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells12101424
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinical Outcomes of Different Calcified Culprit Plaques in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2022-07-11), p. 4018-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 14 ( 2022-07-11), p. 4018-
    Abstract: Background: Previous studies have found that coronary artery calcification is closely associated with the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and clinical outcomes of different calcified plaques in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) by using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: 258 ACS patients with calcified culprit plaques who underwent OCT-guided stent implantation were enrolled. They were divided into three subtypes based on the calcified plaque morphology, including eruptive calcified nodules, calcified protrusion, and superficial calcific sheet. Results: Compared with superficial calcific sheet and calcified protrusion, eruptive calcified nodules had the greatest calcium burden and a higher rate of stent edge dissection (p 〈 0.001) and incomplete stent apposition (p 〈 0.001). In a median follow-up period of 2 years, 39 (15.1%) patients experienced MACE (a composite event of cardiac death, target-vessel myocardial infarction, ischemia-driven revascularization), with a significantly higher incidence in the eruptive calcified nodules group (32.1% vs. 10.1% vs. 13.0%, p = 0.001). A multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that the eruptive calcified nodules (hazard ratio 3.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.64–6.02; p = 0.001) were an independent predictor of MACE. Conclusions: MACE occurred more frequently in ACS patients with eruptive calcified nodules, and the eruptive calcified nodules were an independent predictor of MACE.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144018
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against σA Protein and Cross-Reactive Epitope Identification and Application for Detection of Duck and Chicken Reovirus Infections
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2019-09-07), p. 140-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2019-09-07), p. 140-
    Abstract: Although σA is an important major core protein of duck reovirus (DRV), the B-cell epitopes of this protein remain unknown to reseacrhers. Six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (1A7, 3F4, 5D2, 4E2, 3C7, and 2B7) were developed by using prokaryotic-expressed recombinant His-σA protein. Five of six MAbs (1A7, 3F4, 4E2, 3C7, and 2B7) reacted with His-σA protein in a conformation-independent manner, while 5D2 reacted with σA in a conformation-dependent manner. Immunofluorescence assays showed that the MAbs could specifically bind to DRV infected BHK-21 cells. The MAbs were delineated as three groups by a competitive binding assay. By using 12-mer peptide phage display and mutagenesis, MAb 4E2 was identified to recognize minimal epitope 56EAPYPG61 and MAb 1A7 recognize 341WVV/MAGLI/V347, residues 341V/M and 347I/V are replaceable. Dot blotting and sequence analysis confirmed that EAPYPG and WVV/MAGLI/V are cross-reactive epitopes in both DRV and avian reovirus (ARV). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on two expressed EAPYPG and WVVAGLI as antigen demonstrated its diagnostic potential by specific reacting with serum samples from DRV- or ARV-infected birds. Based on these observations, an epitope-based ELISA could be potentially used for DRV or ARV surveillance. These findings provide insights into the organization of epitopes on σA protein that might be valuable for the development of epitope-based serological diagnostic tests for DRV and ARV infection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8030140
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Linking Demographic Factors, Land Use, Ecosystem Services, and Human Well-Being: Insights from an Sandy Landscape, Uxin in Inner Mongolia, China
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-04-26), p. 4847-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2021-04-26), p. 4847-
    Abstract: Ecosystem services are fundamental in supporting human well-being which is a core component of sustainability. Understanding the relationship between ecosystem services (ESs) and human well-being (HWB) in a changing landscape is important to implement appropriate ecosystem management and policy development. Combining with demographic, economic, and cultural factors, their land use are the elements linking ESs and HWB at fine scale. Within this context, the purpose of this study is to evaluate household HWB changes in the past decade, and understand the relationship between demographic factors, land use, ESs, and HWB in the social-ecological landscapes of Uxin, in Inner Mongolia. Our results indicate that: the levels of HWB of local herder families were slightly improved from 2007 to 2016; changes in family demographic factors enhanced their land use intensity, resulting in an increased supply capacity of ecosystems and improved HWB; in addition, regulating services contributed more to HWB than provisioning services. The results of this study can help improve the understanding of the relationship between ESs and HWB, and provide valuable information to policy-makers to maintain particular ESs or to improve HWB.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su13094847
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Urban “Three States” Human Settlements High-Quality Coordinated Development
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Buildings Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-02-04), p. 178-
    Details
    In: Buildings, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-02-04), p. 178-
    Abstract: The high-quality interaction of urban reality human settlements (RHSs), pseudo-human settlements (PHSs) and image human settlements (IHSs) can better explain the constantly updated human settlements phenomena under the human–land-relationship regional system. At present, the basic connotation, empirical exploration and optimized path of high-quality and coordinated development of “three states” of human settlements are not clear. In this paper, we take 14 prefecture-level cities in Liaoning Province as case areas and empirically explore their spatial patterns, coupling and coordination spatial relationships, driving mechanisms and development paths by using a coupling and coordination model, the entropy weight method and the geographic detector method. The results indicate that: (1) The spatial pattern of high-quality development of “three states” of human settlements varies significantly in different regions, forming a “dual-core” and “hump” spatial structure. (2) RHSs, PHSs and IHSs are not completely coordinated, forming “high–high–high” and “low–low–low” types, represented by Shenyang and Fuxin. (3) The high-quality coordinated development of “three states” of human settlements is driven by economic conditions, population conditions, entertainment systems and other factors. The population system, the social communication system and the support system, respectively, lead the high-quality coordinated development of RHSs, PHSs and IHSs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-5309
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/buildings12020178
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661539-3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Spatial Pattern and Mechanism of Thermal Environment in Urban Blocks from the Perspective of Green Space Fractal
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Buildings Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-02-21), p. 574-
    Details
    In: Buildings, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-02-21), p. 574-
    Abstract: Land resources in cities are limited, and the cost of green space construction is high. Compared with increasing the amount of green space, maximizing the cooling effect of limited green space has important theoretical and practical significance. Green fractal is a new innovative branch of urban fractal that uses a fractal index to quantify the green space structural index in studying the thermal environmental effect. Multi-source data, such as high-resolution remote sensing images, were used, and spatial regression models and inconsistency indices were applied to explore the spatial pattern of the urban thermal environment at the block scale, and the mechanism of green space fractal characteristics in terms of correlation and spatial heterogeneity, to assess the quality of green space development. This study shows the following: (1) In 2019, the land surface temperature in Dalian formed a spatial distribution structure of “high in the central region and low in the surrounding region” at the block scale, and the fractal indices of different green spaces show the spatial distribution structure of “dual-core” and “multi-core” spaces. (2) The driving direction and force of the fractal index of green space on the spatial pattern of land surface temperature differs. The influence of the green space structure index (grid and boundary dimensions) is greater than that of the quantity index (area and circumference), and the influence of the grid dimension is the most significant. (3) The spatial heterogeneity between the fractal index of block-scale green space and land surface temperature in Dalian is significant, showing a centralized and contiguous spatial pattern, with a trapezoidal structure decreasing from north to south. (4) The spatial adaptation between the fractal and thermal environments of green spaces can be evaluated using the inconsistency index. The development quality of green space can be divided into three types: advanced, relative coordination, and lagged green spaces. Finally, this study proposes specific suggestions for the development of block-scale green spaces and thermal environment management in Dalian City.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-5309
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/buildings13030574
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661539-3
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  • 9
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    Research on the Theoretical Framework, Spatio-temporal Laws, and Driving Mechanism of Beautiful Human Settlements—A Case Study of the 14 Prefecture-Level Cities in Liaoning Province
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-08), p. 1165-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-08), p. 1165-
    Abstract: The existing research on Beautiful China focuses on the major strategic research that is horizontal and comprehensive, and it is urgent to conduct a vertical and in-depth study from the important focus of human settlements. This paper proposes the theoretical framework of “five-sphere integrated plan”, “three-state entirety”, and “binary fusion” of beautiful human settlements, and integrates the entropy power method, kernel density estimation method, geographic probe, and spatial analysis to study the spatio-temporal Laws and the driving mechanism of beautiful human settlements in Liaoning Province. The results show that: (1) In terms of time course, from 2009 to 2018, the beautiful human settlement in Liaoning showed a fluctuating upward trend, and there were more obvious stage divergence characteristics and discrete characteristics; over time, they clustered from low level to high level. (2) In terms of spatial pattern, beautiful human settlements in general showed regional heterogeneous characteristics. The construction in western Liaoning is relatively stable, while northern Liaoning has changed greatly. There is an obvious inverted “U” spatial structure in the province, and it was both higher in the north and south and lower in the east and west, specifically decreasing from southeast to northwest. The distribution pattern is a “dicaryon” dominated by Shenyang and Dalian, and a “triad” trend of core area, development area, and starting area. (3) System properties, such as environmental, support, and social systems show fluctuating upward trends, while systems such as population show downward trends with different discrete characteristics. (4) Driving mechanisms, social systems, and support systems are the main driving systems, and it is also driven by a combination of urban economic strength, population quantity and quality, infra-structure development such as housing, and emerging technology development. The purpose of studying the beautiful human settlements is to promote the integration and development of the sciences of human settlements and other cross disciplines and to clarify the focus of Liaoning local government on building a Beautiful China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15021165
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 10
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    Comprehensive Evaluation and Analysis of Human Settlements’ Suitability in the Yangtze River Delta Based on Multi-Source Data
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2023-01-11), p. 1354-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 2 ( 2023-01-11), p. 1354-
    Abstract: The suitability of human settlements is critical for quality of life and regional development. As comprehensive evaluations and research on the suitability of human settlements are lacking, a comprehensive evaluation of human settlements in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) was carried out in 2020 by combining natural and human environmental elements based on multi-source data such as digital elevation models, Landsat remote sensing images, meteorological station data, and points of interest, other multi-source data, and constructions of the human settlements’ suitability indexes. The results showed the following: (1) The spatial suitability of the natural environment in the YRD is significantly affected by the topographic conditions and distance from the sea, showing an increasing spatial differentiation from southwest to northeast, with Shanghai and Yancheng having the best natural environment suitability. (2) The suitability of the human environment in urban areas is better than that in non-urban areas and shows a decreasing trend from the south to the north circle. Shanghai, Zhoushan, and Huaibei have the best human environment suitability. (3) The comprehensive suitability of human settlements includes both the spatial differentiation characteristics of the suitability of natural and human environments. Shanghai and Zhoushan have the mosy comprehensive suitability for human settlements, while Huaibei and Xuzhou have the worst. (4) Land with a comprehensive suitability for human settlements of greater than 0.580 accounts for 23.60% of the total and contains 30.08% of the population and 32.31% of the economy, indicating that areas with a high suitability index have been fully utilized, and the populations and economies with human settlements suitability have a high degree of matching.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021354
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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