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  • MDPI AG  (22)
  • 1
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    Evaluation of Protective Immune Responses Induced in BALB/c Mice and Goats by the Neospora caninum Surface SRS Proteins and Interleukin-18
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Animals Vol. 12, No. 21 ( 2022-10-27), p. 2952-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 21 ( 2022-10-27), p. 2952-
    Abstract: Neosporosis is caused by Neospora caninum (N. caninum), which mainly infects cattle and goats and severely threatens the animal industry. In this study, the inhibitory effects of polyclonal antiserum anti-NcSRS17, NcSRS2 and NcSRS52 were explored. Cytokines in mice or goat serum were detected after immunization. After infection, the survival of mice was recorded. The pathological changes and parasite loads were observed and detected in tissues. The results showed that anti-NcSRS2, NcSRS17 and NcSRS52 antibodies all inhibit the invasion and proliferation of N. caninum. The IFN-γ level in the NcSRS17 group was higher than that in the NcSRS2 and NcSRS52 groups, and higher in the NcSRS2-mIL-18 group than in the NcSRS2 group. The survival rates of mice were 16% in the positive control group, 67% in the SRS52 group, 83% in the SRS2 and mIL-18 groups and 100% in the SRS17 and SRS2-mIL-18 groups. Goats immunized with NcSRS17-gIL-18 developed high levels of IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-γ compared with those immunized with NcSRS-17. Parasite loads in the brains of animals in the NcSRS17 and NcSRS17-gIL-18 groups were significantly reduced, and were significantly lower in the NcSRS17-gIL-18 group (p ≤ 0.01). This study indicates that SRS17 may be an antigen candidate for vaccine development against neosporosis, and IL-18 can enhance the immune protective efficiency of antigen candidates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani12212952
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
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  • 2
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    Epidermal Wearable Biosensors for the Continuous Monitoring of Biomarkers of Chronic Disease in Interstitial Fluid
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2023-07-20), p. 1452-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2023-07-20), p. 1452-
    Abstract: Healthcare technology has allowed individuals to monitor and track various physiological and biological parameters. With the growing trend of the use of the internet of things and big data, wearable biosensors have shown great potential in gaining access to the human body, and providing additional functionality to analyze physiological and biochemical information, which has led to a better personalized and more efficient healthcare. In this review, we summarize the biomarkers in interstitial fluid, introduce and explain the extraction methods for interstitial fluid, and discuss the application of epidermal wearable biosensors for the continuous monitoring of markers in clinical biology. In addition, the current needs, development prospects and challenges are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi14071452
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 3
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    A Robust Infrared Transducer of an Ultra-Large-Scale Array
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 20, No. 23 ( 2020-11-28), p. 6807-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 23 ( 2020-11-28), p. 6807-
    Abstract: A robust micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) infrared thin film transducer of an ultra-large-scale array was proposed and fabricated on a 4-inch silicon wafer. The silicon substrate and micro cavities were introduced. This novel transducer had excellent mechanical stability, time response, and state-of-the-art pixel scale. It could bear a load of 1700 g and its load pressure was improved by more than 5.24 times and time constant decreased by 50.7% compared to the traditional soft infrared thin film transducer. The array scale of its pixels exceeded 2k × 2k. The simulation and measured results of the transient temperature and radiation intensity were well consistent. Illuminated by a 532 nm laser with a frequency of 50 Hz and 50% duty cycle, the thermal decay time of the proposed transducer was 6.0 ms. A knife-edge image was utilized for spatial resolution test and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the proposed transducer was 24% smaller than the traditional soft one. High-resolution infrared images were generated using the proposed robust transducer. These results proved that the robust transducer was promising in infrared image generation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s20236807
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 4
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    Combined Usage of MDK Inhibitor Augments Interferon-γ Anti-Tumor Activity in the SKOV3 Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Line
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 8-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-12-21), p. 8-
    Abstract: Ovarian cancer (OC) is a particularly lethal disease due to intratumoral heterogeneity, resistance to traditional chemotherapy, and poor response to targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is an attractive therapeutic cytokine, with positive responses achieved in multiple OC clinical trials. However, clinical application of IFN-γ in OC is still hindered, due to the severe toxicity when used at higher levels, as well as the considerable pro-metastatic adverse effect when used at lower levels. Thus, an effective combined intervention is needed to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of IFN-γ and to suppress the IFN-γ-induced metastasis. Here, we uncovered that OC cells develop an adaptive strategy by upregulating midkine (MDK) to counteract the IFN-γ-induced anti-tumor activity and to fuel IFN-γ-induced metastasis. We showed that MDK is a critical downstream target of IFN-γ in OC, and that this regulation acts in a dose-dependent manner and is mediated by STAT1. Gain-of-function studies showed that MDK overexpression promotes cell proliferation and metastasis in OC, indicating that IFN-γ-activated MDK may antagonize IFN-γ in inhibiting OC proliferation but synergize IFN-γ in promoting OC metastasis. Subsequently, we assessed the influence of MDK inhibition on IFN-γ-induced anti-proliferation and pro-metastasis effects using an MDK inhibitor (iMDK), and we found that MDK inhibition robustly enhanced IFN-γ-induced growth inhibition (all CIs 〈 0.1) and reversed IFN-γ-driven epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in OC in vitro. Collectively, these data identify an IFN-γ responsive protein, MDK, in counteracting anti-proliferation while endowing the pro-metastatic role of IFN-γ in cancer treatment, and we therefore propose the combined utilization of the MDK inhibitor in IFN-γ-based therapies in future OC treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010008
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 5
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    Theoretical Studies on the Binding Mode and Reaction Mechanism of TLP Hydrolase kpHIUH
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Molecules Vol. 26, No. 13 ( 2021-06-25), p. 3884-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 26, No. 13 ( 2021-06-25), p. 3884-
    Abstract: In this work, we have investigated the binding conformations of the substrate in the active site of 5-HIU hydrolase kpHIUH and its catalytic hydrolysis mechanism. Docking calculations revealed that the substrate adopts a conformation in the active site with its molecular plane laying parallel to the binding interface of the protein dimer of kpHIUH, in which His7 and His92 are located adjacent to the hydrolysis site C6 and have hydrogen bond interactions with the lytic water. Based on this binding conformation, density functional theory calculations indicated that the optimal catalytic mechanism consists of two stages: (1) the lytic water molecule is deprotonated by His92 and carries out nucleophilic attack on C6=O of 5-HIU, resulting in an oxyanion intermediate; (2) by accepting a proton transferred from His92, C6–N5 bond is cleaved to completes the catalytic cycle. The roles of His7, His92, Ser108 and Arg49 in the catalytic reaction were revealed and discussed in detail.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133884
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 6
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    Epidermal Wearable Biosensors for Monitoring Biomarkers of Chronic Disease in Sweat
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biosensors Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-02-23), p. 313-
    Details
    In: Biosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-02-23), p. 313-
    Abstract: Biological information detection technology is mainly used for the detection of physiological and biochemical parameters closely related to human tissues and organ lesions, such as biomarkers. This technology has important value in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic diseases in their early stages. Wearable biosensors can be integrated with the Internet of Things and Big Data to realize the detection, transmission, storage, and comprehensive analysis of human physiological and biochemical information. This technology has extremely wide applications and considerable market prospects in frontier fields including personal health monitoring, chronic disease diagnosis and management, and home medical care. In this review, we systematically summarized the sweat biomarkers, introduced the sweat extraction and collection methods, and discussed the application and development of epidermal wearable biosensors for monitoring biomarkers in sweat in preclinical research in recent years. In addition, the current challenges and development prospects in this field were discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bios13030313
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662125-3
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  • 7
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    Novel Fabrication Processing of Porous Al2O3/CaAl12O19 Membrane by Combining Emulsion, Cement Curing and Tape-Casting Methods
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Membranes Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-07-29), p. 747-
    Details
    In: Membranes, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2022-07-29), p. 747-
    Abstract: This paper presented an innovative method for fabrication of a porous Al2O3/CaAl12O19 ceramic membrane by combining emulsion method, cement curing and tape-casting technologies. The ceramic membrane featured a smooth surface and a porous internal structure. By adjusting the oil–water volume ratio from 1:1 to 4:1, the porosity of the samples increases from 45.6 to 67.3%, density decreases from 2.07 to 1.32 g/cm3 and bending strength decreases from 64.3 ± 1.2 to 31.7 ± 0.6 MPa. More significantly, the membranes showed great gas permeability (1.2 × 107–2.3 × 107 Lm−2 h−1 bar−1), opening up a wide range of applications in the field of gas filtration processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0375
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080747
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2614641-1
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  • 8
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    Analysis of Codon Usage Patterns in Giardia duodenalis Based on Transcriptome Data from GiardiaDB
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Genes Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2021-07-29), p. 1169-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2021-07-29), p. 1169-
    Abstract: Giardia duodenalis, a flagellated parasitic protozoan, the most common cause of parasite-induced diarrheal diseases worldwide. Codon usage bias (CUB) is an important evolutionary character in most species. However, G. duodenalis CUB remains unclear. Thus, this study analyzes codon usage patterns to assess the restriction factors and obtain useful information in shaping G. duodenalis CUB. The neutrality analysis result indicates that G. duodenalis has a wide GC3 distribution, which significantly correlates with GC12. ENC-plot result—suggesting that most genes were close to the expected curve with only a few strayed away points. This indicates that mutational pressure and natural selection played an important role in the development of CUB. The Parity Rule 2 plot (PR2) result demonstrates that the usage of GC and AT was out of proportion. Interestingly, we identified 26 optimal codons in the G. duodenalis genome, ending with G or C. In addition, GC content, gene expression, and protein size also influence G. duodenalis CUB formation. This study systematically analyzes G. duodenalis codon usage pattern and clarifies the mechanisms of G. duodenalis CUB. These results will be very useful to identify new genes, molecular genetic manipulation, and study of G. duodenalis evolution.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes12081169
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 9
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    Fermented Feed Modulates Meat Quality and Promotes the Growth of Longissimus Thoracis of Late-Finishing Pigs
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Animals Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2020-09-17), p. 1682-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2020-09-17), p. 1682-
    Abstract: This study investigated the effect of fermented diet on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and growth of longissimus thoracis (LT) of finishing pigs. A total of 48 finishing pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Large White), male, 126 ± 5-d-old] weighing 98.76 ± 1.27 kg were randomly assigned to two treatments (eight pens per treatment and three pigs per pen) for a 28-d feeding trial, including control diet and fermented diet. Fermented diet significantly increased the loin eye area and lean mass percentage, decreased backfat thickness and improved meat quality of LT by decreasing the shear force and drip loss at 48 h post slaughter and improving meat sensory characteristics compared with control diet. A fermented diet also significantly increased the abundance of insulin, insulin receptor (IR), myoblast determination protein (MyoD) and myosin heavy chain-I (MyHC-I) transcripts, and the phosphorylation levels of AKT, mTORC1, 4EBP1 and S6K1 in LT, while decreasing the expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and forkhead Box O1 (Foxo1) mRNA transcripts. Moreover, proteomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins predominantly involved in protein synthesis and muscle development were modulated by fermented diet. Our results indicated that a fermented diet improved meat quality and enhanced LT growth of finishing pigs by increasing insulin/AKT/mTORC1 protein synthesis cascade and activating the Foxo1/MAFbx pathway, along with the regulation of ribosomal protein and proteins involved in muscle contraction and muscle hypertrophy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani10091682
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
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  • 10
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    The Impact of Resource Endowment on Provincial Green Development: An Empirical Analysis from China
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Energies Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2023-06-12), p. 4661-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2023-06-12), p. 4661-
    Abstract: Indepth research on the impact of energy endowment on provincial green development provides a new perspective for achieving high-quality provincial economic development. Based on 30 provinces’ panel data in China from 2009 to 2020, this study first constructs an index system to analyze energy endowment and provincial green development; then it explores the mechanism by which energy endowment affects provincial green development, including the moderating role of environmental regulation and the mediating role of energy efficiency. The results show that energy endowment can significantly curb provincial green development when environmental regulations are not taken into account. Moreover, environmental regulation has moderated the process of energy endowment affecting provincial green development. Energy efficiency has mediated the process of energy endowment affecting provincial green development. From a geographical viewpoint, the moderating effect of environmental regulation has regional heterogeneity but the mediating effect of energy efficiency does not. The conclusions of this research may supply applicable recommendations for provincial green development in China.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en16124661
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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