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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of Soluble Dietary Fibers Extracted from Ten Traditional Legumes: Physicochemical Properties and Biological Functions
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Foods Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2023-06-12), p. 2352-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2023-06-12), p. 2352-
    Abstract: Soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) exist as the major bioactive components in legumes, which exhibit various biological functions. To improve the potential applications of legume SDFs as healthy value-added products in the functional food industry, the physicochemical properties and biological functions of SDFs from ten selected traditional legumes, including mung bean, adzuki bean, red bean, red sword bean, black bean, red kidney bean, speckled kidney bean, common bean, white hyacinth bean, and pea, were studied and compared. Results showed that the physicochemical properties of SDFs varied in different species of legumes. All legume SDFs almost consisted of complex polysaccharides, which were rich in pectic-polysaccharides, e.g., homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) domains. In addition, hemicelluloses, such as arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, and galactomannan, existed in almost all legume SDFs, and a large number of galactomannans existed in SDFs from black beans. Furthermore, all legume SDFs exhibited potential antioxidant, antiglycation, immunostimulatory, and prebiotic effects, and their biological functions differed relative to their chemical structures. The findings can help reveal the physicochemical and biological properties of different legume SDFs, which can also provide some insights into the further development of legume SDFs as functional food ingredients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods12122352
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Closed-Canopy Tropical Forests of Hainan, (China) Are Resilient against Invasive Herbs and Shrubs
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Forests Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2021-11-19), p. 1596-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2021-11-19), p. 1596-
    Abstract: The successful establishment of many plants in tropical forests often depends on species-specific adaptations related to light availability and forest successional stage. Species that are present in early successional stages generally do not occur in later successional stages. In this study, we documented the diversity, distribution, and abundance of terrestrial invasive plants across the (sub)tropical island of Hainan, China, and tested the germination of specific invasive plants in forested environments. In 97 transects positioned randomly across the island, we found nine invasive herb and shrub species were present in all human-modified habitats but not in intact forest interiors. In separate forest-specific transects, we documented a sharp drop in the abundance of invasive plants 〉 5 m into the forest. High numbers of invasive plant seeds germinated from the soil seed bank sampled at the forest edge, but very few seeds germinated from soil sampled any distance into the forest. Finally, in experiments with four focal invasive plant species, overall germination rates were low; and much lower in shaded sites compared to full gap sites. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that invasive herbs and shrubs do not yet form a serious threat to native species in the closed-canopy forests of Hainan.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f12111596
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of High-Speed Rail Construction on the Environmental Sustainability of China’s Three Major Urban Agglomerations
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-02-23), p. 2567-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-02-23), p. 2567-
    Abstract: Under the background of global warming, it is of great significance to explore how to realize environmentally sustainable development. This paper takes China’s three major urban agglomerations as the research objects: Yangtze River Delta, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, and Pearl River Delta. Generally, we use carbon emission efficiency to represent the sustainable development of the environment. Then we use the city-level panel data of the three urban agglomerations from 2006 to 2019 to construct the slacks-based measure integrating data envelopment (SBM-DEA) model for calculating each city’s carbon dioxide emission efficiency. Finally, we construct the spatial difference-in-differences (SDID) model to explore the impact of high-speed rail construction on each urban agglomeration’s carbon dioxide emission efficiency and its internal mechanism. The findings are as follows: (1) On the whole, high-speed rail construction improves urban agglomerations’ carbon dioxide emission efficiency. Meanwhile, it has a positive spatial spillover effect on surrounding areas. (2) In terms of urban agglomerations, high-speed rail construction has significantly promoted carbon emission efficiency in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. However, it has had negative external effects on the surrounding areas. (3) From the perspective of mechanism analysis, the construction of high-speed rail has promoted manufacturing agglomeration in the Pearl River Delta region and, at the same time, has had a negative impact on the local carbon dioxide emission efficiency. This study has strong policy implications for promoting the sustainable development of the three major urban agglomerations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14052567
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Heavy Metal Pollution Characteristics and Source Analysis in the Dust Fall on Buildings of Different Heights
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 18 ( 2022-09-09), p. 11376-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 18 ( 2022-09-09), p. 11376-
    Abstract: High-rise buildings block airflow, and dust accumulates on their upper surfaces. In this study, dust fall on the rooftops of low-, medium-, and high-rise buildings was sampled and analyzed to assess the degree of atmospheric heavy metal pollution. The Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb mass fractions in dust samples were analyzed by microwave digestion/inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The average Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations were highest on the rooftops of low-rise buildings, whereas those of Mn and Zn were highest on high-rise buildings. The cumulative indices for the eight heavy metals revealed a moderate pollution level for Zn on the rooftops of low- and high-rise buildings. Only the potential ecological risk index for Cd was very high, with a particularly high heavy metal-related ecological risk for low-rise buildings. The enrichment factor analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that Zn and Cd were strongly influenced by human activity. Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb originated from traffic sources, Cr and Ni were derived from natural sources, and As was of industrial origin. The source analyses of rare earth elements were consistent with the heavy metal PCA results. In conclusion, our results provide a reference for hazard and source analysis of heavy metals in atmospheric dust fall on buildings of different heights.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811376
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microbial Community, Co-Occurrence Network Relationship and Fermentation Lignocellulose Characteristics of Broussonetia papyrifera Ensiled with Wheat Bran
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2022-10-12), p. 2015-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2022-10-12), p. 2015-
    Abstract: Broussonetia papyrifera has a high lignocellulose content leading to poor palatability and low digestion rate of ruminants. Thus, dynamic profiles of fermentation lignocellulose characteristics, microbial community structure, potential function, and interspecific relationships of B. papyrifera mixing with wheat bran in different ratios: 100:0 (BP100), 90:10 (BP90), 80:20 (BP80), and 65:35 (BP65) were investigated on ensiling days 5, 15, 30, and 50. The results showed that adding bran increased the degradation rate of hemicellulose, neutral detergent fiber, and the activities of filter paper cellulase, endoglucanase, acid protease, and neutral protease, especially in the ratio of 65:35. Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Weissella genus bacteria were the dominant genera in silage fermentation, and Pediococcus and Weissella genus bacteria regulated the process of silage fermentation. Compared with monospecific B. papyrifera silage, adding bran significantly increased the abundance of Weissella sp., and improved bacterial fermentation potential in BP65 (p 〈 0.05). Distance-based redundancy analysis showed that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were significantly positive correlated with most lignocellulose content and degrading enzymes activities, while Monascus sp. and Syncephalastrum sp. were opposite (p 〈 0.05). Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that there were significant differences in microbial networks among different mixing ratios of B. papyrifera silage prepared with bran. There was a more complex, highly diverse and less competitive co-occurrence network in BP65, which was helpful to silage fermentation. In conclusion, B. papyrifera ensiled with bran improved the microbial community structure and the interspecific relationship and reduced the content of lignocellulose.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102015
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Design of Ultra-Wideband Phased Array Applicator for Breast Cancer Hyperthermia Therapy
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2023-01-17), p. 1051-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2023-01-17), p. 1051-
    Abstract: Focused microwave−hyperthermia therapy has recently emerged as a key technology in the treatment of breast cancer due to non−invasive treatment. An applicator of a three−ring phased array consisting of ultra−wideband (UWB) microstrip antennas was designed for breast cancer therapy and operates at 0.915 GHz and 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna has an ultra−wideband from 0.7 GHz to 5.5 GHz with resonant frequencies of 0.915 GHz and 2.45 GHz and dimensions of 15 × 43.5 × 1.575 mm3. The number of each ring was chosen to be 12 based on the SAR distribution and the performance indicators of tumor off−center focusing results for four different numbers of single−ring arrays. The homogeneous breast model is applied to a three−ring phased array consisting of 36 elements for focused simulation, and 1 cm3 and 2 cm3 tumors are placed in three different locations in the breast. The simulation results show that the proposed phased array has good performance and the capability to raise the temperature of different volumes of breast cancer above 42.5 °C after choosing a suitable operating frequency. The proposed applicator allows for precise treatment of tumors by selecting the appropriate operating frequency based on the size of the malignant tumor.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23031051
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Method Based on GA-CNN-LSTM for Daily Tourist Flow Prediction at Scenic Spots
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Entropy Vol. 22, No. 3 ( 2020-02-25), p. 261-
    Details
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 3 ( 2020-02-25), p. 261-
    Abstract: Accurate tourist flow prediction is key to ensuring the normal operation of popular scenic spots. However, one single model cannot effectively grasp the characteristics of the data and make accurate predictions because of the strong nonlinear characteristics of daily tourist flow data. Accordingly, this study predicts daily tourist flow in Huangshan Scenic Spot in China. A prediction method (GA-CNN-LSTM) which combines convolutional neural network (CNN) and long-short-term memory network (LSTM) and optimized by genetic algorithm (GA) is established. First, network search data, meteorological data, and other data are constructed into continuous feature maps. Then, feature vectors are extracted by convolutional neural network (CNN). Finally, the feature vectors are input into long-short-term memory network (LSTM) in time series for prediction. Moreover, GA is used to scientifically select the number of neurons in the CNN-LSTM model. Data is preprocessed and normalized before prediction. The accuracy of GA-CNN-LSTM is evaluated using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute error (MAE), Pearson correlation coefficient and index of agreement (IA). For a fair comparison, GA-CNN-LSTM model is compared with CNN-LSTM, LSTM, CNN and the back propagation neural network (BP). The experimental results show that GA-CNN-LSTM model is approximately 8.22% higher than CNN-LSTM on the performance of MAPE.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/e22030261
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advanced Material Strategies for Next-Generation Additive Manufacturing
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Materials Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2018-01-22), p. 166-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2018-01-22), p. 166-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma11010166
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Coat Protein of Citrus Yellow Vein Clearing Virus Interacts with Viral Movement Proteins and Serves as an RNA Silencing Suppressor
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Viruses Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-04-05), p. 329-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2019-04-05), p. 329-
    Abstract: Citrus yellow vein clearing virus is a newly accepted member of the genus Mandarivirus in the family Alphaflexiviridae. The triple gene block proteins (TGBp1, TGBp2 and TGBp3) encoded by plant viruses in this family function on facilitating virus movement. However, the protein function of citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) have never been explored. Here, we showed in both yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence (BiFC) assays that the coat protein (CP), TGBp1 and TGBp2 of CYVCV are self-interacting. Its CP also interacts with all three TGB proteins, and TGBp1 and TGBp2 interact with each other but not with TGBp3. Furthermore, the viral CP colocalizes with TGBp1 and TGBp3 at the plasmodesmata (PD) of epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and TGBp1 can translocate TGBp2 from granular-like structures embedded within ER networks to the PD. The results suggest that these proteins could coexist at the PD of epidermal cells of N. benthamiana. Using Agrobacterium infiltration-mediated RNA silencing assays, we show that CYVCV CP is a strong RNA silencing suppressor (RSS) triggered by positive-sense green fluorescent protein (GFP) RNA. The presented results provide insights for further revealing the mechanism of the viral movement and suppression of RNA silencing.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v11040329
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Forecasting of Short-Term Daily Tourist Flow Based on Seasonal Clustering Method and PSO-LSSVM
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-13), p. 676-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-13), p. 676-
    Abstract: The accurate prediction of tourist flow is essential to appropriately prepare tourist attractions and inform the decisions of tourism companies. However, tourist flow in scenic spots is a dynamic trend with daily changes, and specialized methods are necessary to measure it accurately. For this purpose, a tourist flow forecasting method is proposed in this research based on seasonal clustering. The experiment employs the K-means algorithm considering seasonal variations and the particle swarm optimization-least squares support vector machine (PSO-LSSVM) algorithm to forecast the tourist flow in scenic spots. The LSSVM is also used to compare the performance of the proposed model with that of the existing ones. Experiments based on a dataset comprising the daily tourist data for Mountain Huangshan during the period between 2014 and 2017 are conducted. Our results show that seasonal clustering is an effective method to improve tourist flow prediction, besides, the accuracy of daily tourist flow prediction is significantly improved by nearly 3 percent based on the hybrid optimized model combining seasonal clustering. Compared with other algorithms which provide predictions at monthly intervals, the method proposed in this research can provide more timely analysis and guide professionals in the tourism industry towards better daily management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9110676
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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