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  • MDPI AG  (13)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development and Characterization of Near-Isogenic Lines Derived from Synthetic Wheat Revealing the 2 kb Insertion in the PPD-D1 Gene Responsible for Heading Delay and Grain Number Improvement
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 13 ( 2023-06-29), p. 10834-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 13 ( 2023-06-29), p. 10834-
    Abstract: Spikelet number and grain number per spike are two crucial and correlated traits for grain yield in wheat. Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1) is a key regulator of inflorescence architecture and spikelet formation in wheat. In this study, near-isogenic lines derived from the cross of a synthetic hexaploid wheat and commercial cultivars generated by double top-cross and two-phase selection were evaluated for the number of days to heading and other agronomic traits. The results showed that heading time segregation was conferred by a single incomplete dominant gene PPD-D1, and the 2 kb insertion in the promoter region was responsible for the delay in heading. Meanwhile, slightly delayed heading plants and later heading plants obviously have advantages in grain number and spikelet number of the main spike compared with early heading plants. Utilization of PPD-D1 photoperiod sensitivity phenotype as a potential means to increase wheat yield potential.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310834
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Electrode Modification and Optimization in Air-Cathode Single-Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2018-06-27), p. 1349-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 7 ( 2018-06-27), p. 1349-
    Abstract: Due to the known problems of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), such as low electricity generation performance and high cost of operation, we modified the electrode with graphene and polyaniline (PANI) is a single-chamber air-cathode MFC and then evaluated the effects of electrode modification on MFC electricity generation performance. Carbon cloth electrodes (unmodified, CC; graphene-modified, G/CC; and polyaniline-graphene-modified, PANI-G/CC) were prepared using the impregnation method. Sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPcS) was then introduced as a cathode catalyst. The Co-PANI-G/CC cathode showed higher catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction compared with other electrodes. The maximum power density of the MFC with Co-PANI-G/CC cathode was 32.2 mW/m2, which was 1.8 and 6.1 times higher than the value obtained with Co-G/CC and Co/CC cathodes, respectively. This indicates a significant improvement in the electricity generation of single-chamber MFCs and provides a simple, effective cathode modification method. Furthermore, we constructed single-chamber MFCs using the modified anode and cathode and analyzed electricity generation and oxytetracycline (OTC) degradation with different concentrations of OTC as the fuel. With increasing added OTC concentration, the MFC performance in both electricity generation and OTC degradation gradually decreased. However, when less than 50 mg/L OTC was added, the 5-day degradation rate of OTC reached more than 90%. It is thus feasible to process OTC-containing wastewater and produce electricity using single-chamber MFCs, which provides a new concept for wastewater treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071349
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
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    Contamination Level, Distribution Characteristics, and Ecotoxicity of Tetrabromobisphenol A in Water and Sediment from Weihe River Basin, China
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2020-05-26), p. 3750-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 2020-05-26), p. 3750-
    Abstract: Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a brominated flame retardant, which is widely present in the various environmental and biological media. The knowledge on the contamination of TBBPA in Weihe River Basin is still limited. In order to know the pollution level and distribution of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) in the Weihe River Basin, a total of 34 sediment samples and 36 water samples were collected from the main stream and tributaries of the WeiHe River Basin, and the concentration of TBBPA in the samples was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). The detection frequency of TBBPA in sediments and water samples was 61.8% and 27.8%, respectively; the TBBPA concentrations in sediments and water samples were in the range of not detected (N.D.)–3.889 ng/g (mean value of 0.283 ng/g) and N.D—12.279 ng/L (mean value of 0.937 ng/L), respectively. Compared with other areas in China, the residues of TBBPA in the Weihe River Basin were at a relatively low level. The spatial distributions of TBBPA in surface sediments and water indicated that the local point-input was their major source. This is related to the proximity of some sampling sites to industrial areas and domestic sewage discharge areas. The insignificant correlation between TBBPA and total organic carbon (TOC) indicated that TBBPA in sediments is not only influenced by TOC but also affected by atmosphere and land input, wet deposition, and long-distance transmission. The potential risks posed by TBBPA in water and sediment were characterized using the risk quotient (RQ) method. The calculated RQ for TBBPA was less than 0.01, showing that the ecological risk due to TBBPA was quite low for aquatic organisms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113750
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 4
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    Insecticidal Effect of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Lecanicillium araneicola HK-1 in Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Insects Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2023-11-06), p. 860-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2023-11-06), p. 860-
    Abstract: Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important pest affecting various crops worldwide. However, only few studies have been conducted on the infection of A. craccivora by Lecanicillium and related insecticidal mechanisms. We investigated the infection process of A. craccivora by Lecanicillium araneicola HK-1 using fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and our results indicated that the conidia of strain HK-1 easily attached to the feet and dorsum of A. craccivora. The activities of chitinase and extracellular protease were induced in the aphid after treatment with HK-1. A bioassay on A. craccivora showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) of the fungus crude extract was 24.00 mg mL−1 for 24 h of treatment. Additionally, the results showed that the crude extract disrupted the enzyme system of A. craccivora, inducing the inhibition of carboxylesterase (CarE) and the induction of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Combining these results with those of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, it is suggested that p-cymene, hymecromone, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) methyl ester, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) may be connected to the insecticidal effects we observed. This study provides a theoretical basis for the use of L. araneicola HK-1 as a potential biological control agent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects14110860
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 5
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    Assessment of Indicators in a Human Liver Cell Line HL-7702 for Tetracycline Toxicity in Farm Soil
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-03-17), p. 730-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-03-17), p. 730-
    Abstract: Tetracycline (TC) contamination has become hot research topic, but little attention has been paid to its ecotoxicological monitoring. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of TC on human normal liver cells (HL-7702) and find indicators for monitoring their ecotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of TC, at concentrations ranging from 0 to 1000 μg L−1, was assessed on HL-7702 cells. The results showed that TC significantly inhibited the cell viability at a high concentration (1000 μg L−1). The TC at exposure levels ≥ 50–100 μg L−1 significantly increased the levels of extracellular catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST), and a significantly positive correlation between the TC concentrations and the values of the above parameters was observed. Swelling of the mitochondrial cristae (MC) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the loss of ribosomes in HL-7702 cells, were observed at high TC levels. There was a positive correlation between soil TC concentration and ALT activities. The above results suggest that TC is cytotoxic to HL-7702 cells and that extracellular ALT activities can be used as a sensitive bioindicator for monitoring soil TC contamination. We, therefore, propose that the HL-7702 cell line can be a novel tool for early antibiotics toxicity monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12030730
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 6
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    A COLREGs-Compliant Ship Collision Avoidance Decision-Making Support Scheme Based on Improved APF and NMPC
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2023-07-13), p. 1408-
    Details
    In: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2023-07-13), p. 1408-
    Abstract: In this paper, combined with the improved artificial potential field (IAPF) method and the nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) algorithm, a collision avoidance decision-making support scheme considering ship maneuverability and the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) is proposed. First, to comply with the requirements of COLREGs, an improved repulsive potential field is presented for different encounter scenarios when the ship detects the risk of collision, and the coordinated ship domain is applied to provide safety criteria for collision avoidance. Then, by transforming the MMG model to a discrete-time nonlinear system, the NMPC is utilized to predict the future state of the ship according to the current state, and the IAPF method is incorporated to calculate the potential field in each future state as the objective function. Following this approach, the action taken to avoid collision is more effective, the ship motion in avoiding collision is more accurate, and the collision avoidance decision making is more reasonable. Finally, two simulation examples of multi-ship encounter scenarios are applied to illustrate the merits and effectiveness of the proposed collision avoidance decision-making support scheme.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-1312
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jmse11071408
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2738390-8
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  • 7
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    DroneNet: Rescue Drone-View Object Detection
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Drones Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2023-07-03), p. 441-
    Details
    In: Drones, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2023-07-03), p. 441-
    Abstract: Recently, the research on drone-view object detection (DOD) has predominantly centered on efficiently identifying objects through cropping high-resolution images. However, it has overlooked the distinctive challenges posed by scale imbalance and a higher prevalence of small objects in drone images. In this paper, to address the challenges associated with the detection of drones (DODs), we introduce a specialized detector called DroneNet. Firstly, we propose a feature information enhancement module (FIEM) that effectively preserves object information and can be seamlessly integrated as a plug-and-play module into the backbone network. Then, we propose a split-concat feature pyramid network (SCFPN) that not only fuses feature information from different scales but also enables more comprehensive exploration of feature layers with many small objects. Finally, we develop a coarse to refine label assign (CRLA) strategy for small objects, which assigns labels from coarse- to fine-grained levels and ensures adequate training of small objects during the training process. In addition, to further promote the development of DOD, we introduce a new dataset named OUC-UAV-DET. Extensive experiments on VisDrone2021, UAVDT, and OUC-UAV-DET demonstrate that our proposed detector, DroneNet, exhibits significant improvements in handling challenging targets, outperforming state-of-the-art detectors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2504-446X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/drones7070441
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934569-8
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  • 8
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    Hydrophobic and Anti-Fouling Performance of Surface on Parabolic Morphology
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2020-01-19), p. 644-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 2 ( 2020-01-19), p. 644-
    Abstract: The hydrophobicity and anti-fouling properties of materials have important application value in industrial and agricultural production and people’s daily life. To study the relationship between the unit width L0 of the parabolic hydrophobic material and the hydrophobicity and anti-fouling properties, the rough surface structure of the parabolic with different widths was prepared by grinding with different SiC sandpapers, and further, to obtain hydrophobic materials through chemical oxidation and chemical etching, and modification with stearic acid (SA). The morphology, surface wetting and anti-fouling properties of the modified materials were characterized by SEM and contact angle measurement. The oil–water separation performance and self-cleaning performance of the materials were explored. The surface of the modified copper sheet forms a rough structure similar to a paraboloid. When ground with 1500 grit SiC sandpaper, it is more conducive to increase the hydrophobicity of the copper sheet surface and increase the contact angle of water droplets on the copper surface. Additionally, the self-cleaning and anti-fouling experiments showed that as L0 decreases, copper sheets were less able to stick to foreign things such as soil, and the better the self-cleaning and anti-fouling performance was. Based on the oil–water separation experiment of copper mesh, the lower L0 has a higher oil–water separation efficiency. The results showed that material with parabolic morphology has great self-cleaning, anti-fouling, and oil–water separation performance. The smaller the L0 was, the larger the contact angle and the better hydrophobic performance and self-cleaning performance were.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020644
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 9
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    A Review of Research Progress on the Fretting Fatigue Mechanism and Protection Measures of Metal Matrix Composites
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Coatings Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-02-06), p. 365-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-02-06), p. 365-
    Abstract: The performance characteristics of metal matrix composites (MMCs) and the need to study their fretting fatigue and wear during service are discussed. Four main elements of the study of fretting fatigue wear of MMCs (aluminum, copper, titanium, iron, magnesium, nickel, etc.) are discussed. These are factors influencing fretting fatigue, mechanism research, life prediction, and the development process of protection methods, respectively. Factors such as internal crack nucleation and development, loading conditions, and working environment are analyzed and discussed. The development trend of fretting fatigue research is outlined from several perspectives such as the fretting fatigue mechanism, research methods, and protection methods. In particular, the current state of research and the results achieved are highlighted, and some of the issues that remain to be studied are illustrated. The combined effects of fretting, fatigue and wear, the accuracy and applicability of fretting fatigue life prediction, the dispersion of the strengthening phase, and interface problems of MMCs themselves, etc., are all issues that need further research. The review summarizes some of the existing results and provides some reference help for subsequent developments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings13020365
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 10
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    Adsorption Characteristics of Oxytetracycline by Different Fractions of the Organic Matter from Humus Soil: Insight from Internal Structure and Composition
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2020-02-01), p. 914-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 3 ( 2020-02-01), p. 914-
    Abstract: For minimizing the transport of antibiotics to groundwater, the migration of antibiotics in soils should be investigated. Soil organic matter can affect the migration of antibiotics. To date, the influence of aromatics and aliphatic content of organic matter on the adsorption of antibiotics has been controversial. To better understand the reaction mechanism of soil organic matter with antibiotics, this study investigated the adsorption of oxytetracycline (OTC) by humus soils (HOS) and their fractions. HOS were sequentially fractionated into four organic fractions, including the removal of dissolved organic matter (HRDOM), removal of minerals (HRM), removal of free fat (HRLF), and nonhydrolyzable organic carbon (HNHC). Moreover, batch experiments revealed that adsorption capacity was ordered by HNHC 〉 HOS 〉 HRDOM 〉 HRLF 〉 HRM. SEM images and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms indicate that adsorption capacity is independent of the external structure. However, adsorption capacity is related to the internal structure and composition. Combination analysis with elemental composition and infrared spectroscopy showed that the adsorption capacity of HRM, HRLF, and HNHC had a good positive correlation with aromaticity, but a negative correlation with polarity and hydrophilicity. Additionally, the rule of binding affinity between OTC and functional groups with different properties was summarized as aromatic 〉 polarity 〉 hydrophilic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030914
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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