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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of the Dual Functions of LvCrustinVII from Litopenaeus vannamei as Antimicrobial Peptide and Opsonin
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2022-02-22), p. 157-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 3 ( 2022-02-22), p. 157-
    Abstract: Crustin are a family of antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in protecting against pathogens infection in the innate immune system of crustaceans. Previously, we identified several novel types of crustins, including type VI and type VII crustins. However, their immune functions were still unclear. In the present study, the immune function of type VII crustin LvCrustinVII were investigated in Litopenaeus vannamei. LvCrustinVII was wildly expressed in all tested tissues, with relatively high expression levels in hepatopancreas, epidermis and lymphoid organ. Upon Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection, LvCrustinVII was significantly upregulated in hepatopancreas. Recombinant LvCrustinVII (rLvCrustinVII) showed strong inhibitory activities against Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus, while weak activities against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Binding assay showed that rLvCrustinVII could bind strongly to V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus, as well as the cell wall components Glu, LPS and PGN. In the presence of Ca2+, rLvCrustinVII could agglutinate V. parahaemolyticus and enhance hemocyte phagocytosis. The present data partially illustrate the immune function of LvCrustinVII, which enrich our understanding on the functional mechanisms of crustins and provide useful information for application of this kind of antimicrobial peptides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md20030157
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transcriptome Analysis on Hepatopancreas Reveals the Metabolic Dysregulation Caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Litopenaeus vannamei
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biology Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-03-09), p. 417-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-03-09), p. 417-
    Abstract: Acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease (AHPND) has caused massive deaths of shrimp and has led to huge economic losses in aquaculture. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND) carrying a plasmid encoding binary toxins homologous to the photorhabdus insect-related (Pir) toxins is one of the main pathogens causing this disease. Previous studies have reported many immune-related genes of shrimp in response to this pathogenic bacteria. However, few studies have so far focused on the metabolic changes in Litopenaeus vannamei upon VPAHPND infection. In the present study, comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed on the hepatopancreas of shrimp at different times during VPAHPND infection. Functional analyses on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during infection showed that pathways related to glucose, energy and amino acid metabolism, as well as nucleic acid synthesis, were obviously changed in the hepatopancreas after VPAHPND infection. Additionally, three signaling pathways, which could regulate metabolic processes, including HIF-1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and NF-KappaB signaling pathway, also changed significantly. Collectively, these data reveal a close relationship between host metabolism processes and Vibrio infection. The information will enrich our understanding of the interaction mechanism between the shrimp and Vibrio.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology12030417
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    IAG Regulates the Expression of Cytoskeletal Protein-Encoding Genes in Shrimp Testis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Genes Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-02-23), p. 564-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-02-23), p. 564-
    Abstract: Insulin-like androgenic gland hormone (IAG) is the master regulator of sexual differentiation and testis development in male crustaceans. However, the molecular mechanism on how IAG functions during testis development is still largely unknown. Here, the transcriptional changes were analyzed in the testes of shrimp after LvIAG knockdown in Litopenaeus vannamei. Differential expression analysis identified 111 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 48 upregulated DEGs and 63 downregulated DEGs, in testes of shrimp after LvIAG knockdown. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that these DEGs were apparently enriched in cytoskeleton-related GO items. Gene function analysis showed that genes enriched in these GO items mainly encoded actin, myosin, and heat shock protein. Interestingly, these genes were all downregulated in testis after LvIAG knockdown, which was confirmed by qRT-PCR detection. Furthermore, injection of LvIAG protein that was recombinantly expressed in insect cells upregulated the expression levels of these genes. The present study revealed that shrimp IAG might function in testis development through regulating the expression of cytoskeletal protein-encoding genes, which would provide new insights into understanding the functional mechanisms of IAG on male sexual development of crustaceans.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes14030564
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Isolation, Purification, and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and Their Anti-Tumor Bioactivity by Immunomodulation
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 16, No. 6 ( 2023-06-19), p. 895-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 6 ( 2023-06-19), p. 895-
    Abstract: The activity of polysaccharides is usually related to molecular weight. The molecular weight of polysaccharides is critical to their immunological effect in cancer therapy. Herein, the Codonopsis polysaccharides of different molecular weights were isolated using ultrafiltration membranes of 60- and 100-wDa molecular weight cut-off to determine the relationship between molecular weight and antitumor activities. First, three water-soluble polysaccharides CPPS-I ( 〈 60 wDa), CPPS-II (60–100 wDa), and CPPS-III ( 〉 100 wDa) from Codonopsis were isolated and purified using a combination of macroporous adsorption resin chromatography and ultrafiltration. Their structural characteristics were determined through chemical derivatization, GPC, HPLC, FT–IR, and NMR techniques. In vitro experiments indicated that all Codonopsis polysaccharides exhibited significant antitumor activities, with the tumor inhibition rate in the following order: CPPS-II 〉 CPPS-I 〉 CPPS-III. The treatment of CPPS-II exhibited the highest inhibition rate at a high concentration among all groups, which was almost as efficient as that of the DOX·HCL (10 μg/mL) group at 125 μg/mL concentration. Notably, CPPS-II demonstrated the ability to enhance NO secretion and the antitumor ability of macrophages relative to the other two groups of polysaccharides. Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that CPPS-II increased the M1/M2 ratio in immune system regulation and that the tumor inhibition effect of CPPS-II + DOX was superior to that of DOX monotherapy, implying that CPPS-II + DOX played a synergistic role in regulating the immune system function and the direct tumor-killing ability of DOX. Therefore, CPPS-II is expected to be applied as an effective cancer treatment or adjuvant therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph16060895
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of Smart Spring Support Parameters on Vibration Characteristics of Three Support Shafting
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 21 ( 2020-11-02), p. 7752-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 21 ( 2020-11-02), p. 7752-
    Abstract: Smart spring support is a kind of active damping device based on piezoelectric material. It can effectively suppress the vibration of a shaft system in an overly critical state by changing the stiffness and damping of the support. The support parameters have a significant impact on the vibration of the system. By studying the influence of the smart spring support parameters on the vibration characteristics of the transmission shaft system, the support parameters can be configured more reasonably so that the vibration of the transmission system can be reduced as much as possible. Based on the finite element method, this paper studies the influence of the stiffness, damping and mass of the smart spring support on the vibration characteristics of the three-support shafting. Firstly, the smart spring shafting test bed is built, and the vibration reduction performance test of the smart spring is carried out to verify the damping effect of the smart spring. Then, the shafting dynamic model is established by the finite element method, and the inherent characteristics of the system are analyzed. Finally, the influence of the stiffness, damping, mass and other parameters of the smart spring support on the dynamic response of the system is studied. The results show that increasing the stiffness of the smart spring support can effectively reduce the vibration amplitude of the system. The damping of the smart spring support has no obvious effect on the vibration of the shafting. The smaller the mass of the smart spring support, the more favorable the system is.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10217752
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Review of Application and Innovation of Geotextiles in Geotechnical Engineering
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2020-04-10), p. 1774-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 7 ( 2020-04-10), p. 1774-
    Abstract: Most geotextiles consist of polymers of polyolefin, polyester or polyamide family, which involve environmental problems related to soil pollution. Geotextiles can be used for at least one of the following functions: Separation, reinforcement, filtration, drainage, stabilization, barrier, and erosion protection. Due to the characteristics of high strength, low cost, and easy to use, geotextiles are widely used in geotechnical engineering such as soft foundation reinforcement, slope protection, and drainage system. This paper reviews composition and function of geotextiles in geotechnical engineering. In addition, based on literatures including the most recent data, the discussion turns to recent development of geotextiles, with emphasis on green geotextiles, intelligent geotextiles, and high-performance geotextiles. The present situation of these new geotextiles and their application in geotechnical engineering are reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13071774
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Distribution of Biogenic Gas Reservoirs and Optimization of Favorable Zones in the Sanhu Area, Qaidam Basin, China
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-06-21), p. 9920-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-06-21), p. 9920-
    Abstract: Based on the drilling results of the Taishen-1 well in the Sanhu area in the Qaidam Basin, the study proposed new findings on the conditions of source rock, reservoir, and overlaying strata, as well as accumulation characteristics for biogenic gas. Further, the controlling factors of biogenic gas accumulation as well as two favorable zones for exploration were identified based on the comparison of drilling results and geological findings in adjacent areas. The result of the study showed that: (1) the biogenic gas source rock in the Sanhu area is lacustrine dark mudstone, and the LLTOC (lower limit of total organic carbon) in Q1+2 (the Qigequan Formation) and N (the Neogene) is 0.25% and 0.40%; (2) the ‘self-generation and self-storage’ source-reservoir combination developed across all the formations due to the absence of faults and the development of mudstone; (3) the controlling factors of gas accumulation in the studied area include the limit of burial depth, the methane yield, and climate conditions. The failure of the Taishen-1 well owes to the fact that the gas generated failed to support the demand for gas accumulation; (4) influenced by the southward movement of gas-containing groundwater from the high potential area in the north, the biogenic gas reservoirs are distributed in the northern slope and the central sag of the Sanhu depression, and the lower limit of exploration depth of the biogenic gas reservoirs is about 2119 m; (5) two favorable zones were selected for natural gas exploration: the Upper Tertiary thermogenic gas-bearing Yahu-Sebei area and the biogenic gas-bearing Tainan-Sebei area.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15139920
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phenolic Compounds from the Roots of Rhodiola crenulata and Their Antioxidant and Inducing IFN-γ Production Activities
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Molecules Vol. 20, No. 8 ( 2015-07-28), p. 13725-13739
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 8 ( 2015-07-28), p. 13725-13739
    Abstract: In the present study, two new phenolic compounds 1 and 11, a pair of lignan isomers 12 and 13 with their absolute configurations established for the first time, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Rhodiola crenulata, together with 13 known phenolic compounds, and their structures were elucidated via NMR, HRESIMS, UV, IR and CD analyses. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activities using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Ten of them exhibited significant antioxidant activities compared to ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the inducibilities of the isolated compounds to IFN-γ production were also assessed. Compounds 1, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14 and 15 could moderately stimulate IFN-γ expression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules200813725
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    EPA and DHA Alleviated Chronic Dextran Sulfate Sodium Exposure-Induced Depressive-like Behaviors in Mice and Potential Mechanisms Involved
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2024-01-31), p. 76-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2024-01-31), p. 76-
    Abstract: Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have higher rates of depression. However, the mechanism of depression development remains unclear. The improvements of EPA and DHA on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC have been verified. Therefore, the present study mainly focused on the effects of EPA and DHA on UC-induced depression in C57BL/6 mice and the possible mechanisms involved. A forced swimming test and tail suspension experiment showed that EPA and DHA significantly improved DSS-induced depressive-like behavior. Further analysis demonstrated that EPA and DHA could significantly suppress the inflammation response of the gut and brain by regulating the NLRP3/ASC signal pathway. Moreover, intestine and brain barriers were maintained by enhancing ZO-1 and occludin expression. In addition, EPA and DHA also increased the serotonin (5-HT) concentration and synaptic proteins. Interestingly, EPA and DHA treatments increased the proportion of dominant bacteria, alpha diversity, and beta diversity. In conclusion, oral administration of EPA and DHA alleviated UC-induced depressive-like behavior in mice by modulating the inflammation, maintaining the mucosal and brain barriers, suppressing neuronal damage and reverting microbiota changes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md22020076
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimized Traffic Light System with AIC and Application to the 2021 M6.7 Yangbi Earthquake Sequence
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Entropy Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2023-05-06), p. 759-
    Details
    In: Entropy, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2023-05-06), p. 759-
    Abstract: One important question in earthquake prediction is whether a moderate or large earthquake will be followed by an even bigger one. Through temporal b-value evolution analysis, the traffic light system can be used to estimate if an earthquake is a foreshock. However, the traffic light system does not take into account the uncertainty of b-values when they constitute a criterion. In this study, we propose an optimization of the traffic light system with the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and bootstrap. The traffic light signals are controlled by the significance level of the difference in b-value between the sample and the background rather than an arbitrary constant. We applied the optimized traffic light system to the 2021 Yangbi earthquake sequence, which could be explicitly recognized as foreshock–mainshock–aftershock using the temporal and spatial variations in b-values. In addition, we used a new statistical parameter related to the distance between earthquakes to track earthquake nucleation features. We also confirmed that the optimized traffic light system works on a high-resolution catalog that includes small-magnitude earthquakes. The comprehensive consideration of b-value, significance probability, and seismic clustering might improve the reliability of earthquake risk judgment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1099-4300
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/e25050759
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2014734-X
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