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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Identification and Characterization of microRNAs in the Gonads of Litopenaeus vannamei Using High-Throughput Sequencing
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Fishes Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2022-10-27), p. 308-
    Details
    In: Fishes, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 6 ( 2022-10-27), p. 308-
    Abstract: Although the expression of miRNAs has been widely applied to investigate on gonads, the role of miRNAs in the gonadal development of white Pacific shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) remains unknown. In this study, we performed high-throughput sequencing to identify the sex-related microRNAs (miRNAs) that elucidated the regulatory mechanisms on the gonadal differentiation of L. vannamei. We obtained a total of 29,671,557 and 28,526,942 raw reads from the ovaries and testes library, respectively. We then mapped 26,365,828 (92.73%) of the ovarian clean sequences and 23,694,294 (85.65%) of the testicular clean sequences for a transcriptome reference sequence of L. vannamei. After blasting the miRNA sequences against the miRBase database, we identified 153 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs between the ovaries and testes. To confirm the high-throughput sequencing results, we used a reverse transcriptase–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to verify the expression patterns of the seven most differentially expressed miRNAs (i.e., novel_mir23, miR-92b-3p_3, miR-12-5p_2, novel_mir67, miR-279_1, let-7-5p_6, miR-263a-5p_1). According to the results of RT-qPCR, most of the miRNAs were expressed consistently with the high-throughput sequencing results. In addition, the target genes significantly enriched several Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathways that were closely related to gonadal differentiation and development, including extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, Hedgehog signaling pathway, protein digestion and absorption and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). This study revealed the first miRNAs sequencing of L. vannamei gonads. We identified sex-related differentially expressed miRNAs and KEGG pathways, which will be helpful to facilitate future research into the regulatory mechanism on the gonadal differentiation of L. vannamei.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2410-3888
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fishes7060308
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2932929-2
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  • 2
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    Mitochondrion-Targeted Peptide SS-31 Inhibited Oxidized Low-Density Lipoproteins-Induced Foam Cell Formation through both ROS Scavenging and Inhibition of Cholesterol Influx in RAW264.7 Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Molecules Vol. 20, No. 12 ( 2015-12-01), p. 21287-21297
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 12 ( 2015-12-01), p. 21287-21297
    Abstract: Foam cell formation as a result of imbalance of modified cholesterol influx and efflux by macrophages is a key to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. SS-31 is a member of the Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides shown to specifically target the inner mitochondrial membrane to scavenge reactive oxygen species. In this study, we investigated whether SS-31 may provide protective effect on macrophage from foam cell formation in RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that SS-31 inhibited oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL)-induced foam cell formation and cholesterol accumulation, demonstrated by intracellular oil red O staining and measurement of cholesterol content. The mechanism was revealed that SS-31 did not only significantly attenuated ox-LDL-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased the activities of superoxide dismutases, but also dose-dependently inhibited the expression of CD36 and LOX-1, two scavenger receptors of ox-LDL, while the expression of ATP-binding cassette A1 and G1, playing a pivotal role in cholesterol efflux, was not affected. As a result, SS-31 decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, suggesting the prevention of inflammatory responses. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that SS-31 provides a beneficial effect on macrophages from foam cell formation, likely, through both ROS scavenging and inhibition of cholesterol influx. Therefore, SS-31 may potentially be of therapeutic relevance in prevention of human atherogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219764
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
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    Diffusion and Sorption Studies of Cs, Sr and Co in Intact Crystalline Rock
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Minerals Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-02-11), p. 231-
    Details
    In: Minerals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-02-11), p. 231-
    Abstract: Three cationic tracers, Sr2+, Co2+ and Cs+ were tested with a modified electromigration device by applying 2V, 3V and 4V voltage gradients over an intact Grimsel granodiorite rock sample. An ideal plug-flow model and an advection-dispersion model were applied to analyze the breakthrough curves. Matrix characterization by C-14-PMMA autoradiography and scanning electron microscopy showed that in the centimeter scale of Grimsel granodiorite rock, the interconnected matrix porosity forms a well-connected network for diffusion. Micrometer-scale fissures are transecting biotite and chlorite minerals, indicating sorption of the studied cations. The ideal plug-flow model indicated that the effective diffusion coefficients (De values) for Sr2+, Co2+ and Cs+ tracer ions within the Grimsel granodiorite rock were 3.20 × 10−13 m2/s, 1.23 × 10−13 m2/s and 2.25 × 10−12 m2/s, respectively. De values were also derived from the advection-dispersion model, from which 2.86 × 10−13 m2/s, 1.35 × 10−13 m2/s and 2.26 × 10−12 m2/s were calculated. The diffusion speed for the tracers was in the sequence of Cs+ 〉 Sr2+ 〉 Co2+ that is in the same sequence as their diffusion in diluted water. The distribution coefficients (Kd values) calculated from the models covered the range of two magnitudes (from 10−7 m3/kg to 10−5 m3/kg). The result indicated that the sorption process of the studied elements did not reach equilibrium during the electromigration process, mainly due to the too much acceleration of the migration speed by the voltage gradients applied over the rock sample.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-163X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/min12020231
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655947-X
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  • 4
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    Synthesis and Study on Ni-Co Phosphite/Activated Carbon Fabric Composited Materials with Controllable Nano-Structure for Hybrid Super-Capacitor Applications
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-06-23), p. 1649-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2021-06-23), p. 1649-
    Abstract: The advantage of low resistivity and inactive binders makes binder-free electrode an excellent candidate for high-performance energy devices. A simple hydrothermal method was used to fabricate M11(HPO3)8(OH)6 (M: Ni and Co) (MHP) arrays combined with activated carbon fabric (ACF) without binder. The structures of MHP can be easily tuned from bouquets to nano-sheets by the concentration of NaH2PO2. The MHP/ACF composite materials with different structures showed the typical battery-type characteristic of anodic electrodes. In a three-electrode cell configuration, the MHP nano-sheet arrays/ACF composite has a higher capacity, of 1254 F/g, at a scan rate of 10 mA/cm2 and shows better cycling stability: 84.3% remaining specific capacity after 1000 cycles of charge-discharge measurement. The composite is highly flexible, with almost the same electrochemical performance under stretching mode. The MHP/ACF composite@ACF hybrid supercapacitor can deliver the highest energy density, of 34.1 Wh·kg−1, and a power density of 722 W·kg−1 at 1 A·g−1. As indicated by the results, MHP/ACF composite materials are excellent binder-free electrodes, candidates for flexible high-performance hybrid super-capacitor devices.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano11071649
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Applicability of Different Double-Layer Models for the Performance Assessment of the Capacitive Energy Extraction Based on Double Layer Expansion (CDLE) Technique
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Energies Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2021-09-15), p. 5828-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 18 ( 2021-09-15), p. 5828-
    Abstract: Capacitive energy extraction based on double layer expansion (CDLE) is a renewable method of harvesting energy from the salinity difference between seawater and freshwater. It is based on the change in properties of the electric double layer (EDL) formed at the electrode surface when the concentration of the solution is changed. Many theoretical models have been developed to describe the structural and thermodynamic properties of the EDL at equilibrium, e.g., the Gouy–Chapman–Stern (GCS), Modified Poisson–Boltzmann–Stern (MPBS), modified Donnan (mD) and improved modified Donnan (i-mD) models. To evaluate the applicability of these models, especially the rationality and the physical interpretation of the parameters that were used in these models, a series of single-pass and full-cycle experiments were performed. The experimental results were compared with the numerical simulations of different EDL models. The analysis suggested that, with optimized parameters, all the EDL models we examined can well explain the equilibrium charge–voltage relation of the single-pass experiment. The GCS and MPBS models involve, however, the use of physically unreasonable parameter values. By comparison, the i-mD model is the most recommended one because of its accuracy in the results and the meaning of the parameters. Nonetheless, the i-mD model alone failed to simulate the energy production of the full-cycle CDLE experiments. Future research regarding the i-mD model is required to understand the process of the CDLE technique better.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en14185828
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 6
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    Effects of Amendments and Indigenous Microorganisms on the Growth and Cd and Pb Uptake of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Toxics Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2022-07-22), p. 408-
    Details
    In: Toxics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2022-07-22), p. 408-
    Abstract: Heavy metal (HM) contamination of soils is a worldwide problem with adverse consequences to the environment and human health. For the safe production of vegetables in contaminated soil, efficient soil amendments need to be applied such as nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) and poly γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), which can mitigate heavy metal uptake and enhance crop yield. However, the combined effects of soil amendments and indigenous microorganisms (IMOs) on HMs immobilisation and accumulation by crops have received little attention. We established a pot experiment to investigate the effects of IMOs combined with n-HAP and γ-PGA on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) growth and its Cd and Pb uptake in two acidic soils contaminated with HMs. The study demonstrated that applying n-HAP, with and without IMOs, significantly increased shoot dry biomass and reduced plant Cd and Pb uptake and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Cd and Pb concentrations in most cases. However, γ-PGA, with and without IMOs, only reduced soil DTPA-extractable Pb concentrations in slightly contaminated soil with 0.29 mg/kg Cd and 50.9 mg/kg Pb. Regardless of amendments, IMOs independently increased shoot dry biomass and soil DTPA-extractable Cd concentrations in moderately contaminated soil with 1.08 mg/kg Cd and 100.0 mg/kg Pb. A synergistic effect was observed with a combined IMOs and n-HAP treatment, where DTPA-extractable Cd and Pb concentrations decreased in slightly contaminated soil compared with the independent IMOs and n-HAP treatments. The combined treatment of γ-PGA and IMOs substantially increased shoot dry biomass in moderately contaminated soil. These results indicate that solo n-HAP enhanced plant growth and soil Cd and Pb immobilisation, and mitigated Cd and Pb accumulation in shoots. However, the combination of n-HAP and IMOs was optimal for stabilising and reducing HMs’ uptake and promoting plant growth in contaminated soil, suggesting its potential for safe crop production.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2305-6304
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080408
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2733883-6
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  • 7
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    Improving Ecological Functions and Ornamental Values of Traditional Pear Orchard by Co-Planting of Green Manures of Astragalus sinicus L. and Lathyrus cicera L.
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2021-11-26), p. 13092-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 23 ( 2021-11-26), p. 13092-
    Abstract: Traditional orchards received little attention in ecology. In order to enhance the ecological function of traditional pear orchard, it is an effective strategy to co-plant the ornamental green manure (GM) under the pear forest. In this study, two kinds of GM, i.e., Astragalus sinicus L. (AS) and Lathyrus cicera L. (LC), were co-planted in pear tree orchard to elevate its landscape benefits of spatiotemporal distribution of flowers, the nutrient benefits and oxygen production. The results showed that the flower height of AS and LC arrange between 20~30 cm, and the flowering period covers the March. LC has a large number of flowers, a small area of single flower, and high yield of fresh grass. AS has a small number of flowers, a large area of single flower, and low yield of a single fresh grass. Among them, 35% AS + 65% LC and 50% AS + 50% LC are more suitable in achieving the well tourism value and potential good production of pear orchard. Nutrient accumulation, total carbon fixation and oxygen production, flower number of 35% AS + 65% LC are larger than other treatments, while the flower period of 50% AS + 50% LC is longest. This study proposed a “win-win” GM planting strategy for sustainable orchard development, by enhancing ecology functions and the landscaped value of the traditional fruit orchard.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su132313092
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
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    Fabrication of CO2 Facilitated Transport Channels in Block Copolymer through Supramolecular Assembly
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  Polymers Vol. 6, No. 5 ( 2014-05-14), p. 1403-1413
    Details
    In: Polymers, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 5 ( 2014-05-14), p. 1403-1413
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4360
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/polym6051403
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527146-5
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  • 9
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    Study on Radiation Damage of Silicon Solar Cell Electrical Parameters by Nanosecond Pulse Laser
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Electronics Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2024-05-06), p. 1795-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2024-05-06), p. 1795-
    Abstract: This experimental study investigates the damage effects of nanosecond pulse laser irradiation on silicon solar cells. It encompasses the analysis of transient pulse signal waveform characteristics at the cells’ output and changes in electrical parameters, such as I–V curves before and after laser irradiation under varying laser fluence and background light intensities, and explores the underlying action mechanisms of laser irradiation. The study reveals that as the laser fluence increases up to 4.0 J/cm2, the peak value of the transient pulse signal increases by 47.5%, while the pulse width augments by 88.2% compared to the initial transient pulse signal. Furthermore, certain parameters, such as open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and peak power obtained, from the measured I–V curve indicate a threshold laser fluence for functional degradation of the solar cell at approximately 1.18 ± 0.42 J/cm2. Results obtained from laser irradiation under different background light intensities underscore the significant influence of background light on laser irradiation of silicon cells, with the most severe damage occurring in the absence of light. Moreover, findings from laser irradiation at multiple locations on the silicon cell demonstrate a linear decrease in the output voltage of the silicon cell with an increase in the number of irradiation points.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics13091795
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 10
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    The Response of Soil Nutrients and Microbial Community Structures in Long-Term Tea Plantations and Diverse Agroforestry Intercropping Systems
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2021-07-13), p. 7799-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 14 ( 2021-07-13), p. 7799-
    Abstract: During tea cultivation, diverse agroforestry is an important and established intercropping measure, with most studies concentrating on ecological service provision and economic returns. However, the response of soil nutrients and microbial community structures in long-term tea plantations with diverse agroforestry intercropping systems is poorly understood. In the present field study (2015), three intercropping agroforestry-tea patterns (Osmanthus-Tea (OT), Michelia-Tea (MT), Osmanthus-Michelia-Tea (OMT)) along with a study control (C) were examined in terms of these two knowledge gaps. Results showed that, in terms of tea cultivation, the OMT system is more suitable than the OT and MT systems. The OMT system significantly increased the total nitrogen (TN, 16.4%), total potassium (TK, 10.5%), available nitrogen (AN, 14.2%), available phosphorus (AP, 26.7%) and soil organic matter (SOM, 28.9%). The OMT system increased phylum Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes abundance by 35.8% and 9.6%. In addition, the OMT system enhanced the abundance of class Bacteroidia (99.5%), Erysipelotrichia (96.9%), Clostridia (93.5%) and Actinobacteria (19.6%), respectively. In general, the phylum bacteria Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria accounted for the largest proportion of bacteria in all three intercropping systems. In this study, the abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were positively correlated with AN, SOM and TP. The results of the present study will help to develop a better understanding of the benefits imposed by different agroforestry intercropping systems on nutrient dynamics and microbial structural diversity during tea cultivation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su13147799
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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