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  • MDPI AG  (105)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    New Diterpenoid Alkaloids from the Roots of Delphinium tiantaishanense
    MDPI AG ; 2007
    In:  Molecules Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2007-03-08), p. 353-360
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2007-03-08), p. 353-360
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/12030353
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
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    Characterization of Two Novel Insect-Specific Viruses Discovered in the Green Leafhopper, Cicadella viridis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Insects Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2022-04-12), p. 378-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2022-04-12), p. 378-
    Abstract: Insect-specific viruses (ISV) are one of the most promising agents for the biological control of insects. The green leafhopper, Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus), is an significant pest in agriculture, and causes economic losses to fruit trees, willows, and field crops. As a representative species of the large family Cicadellidae, ISVs in C. viridis have never been studied, to date. In this study, the full genome sequences of two ISVs, named Cicadella viridis iflavirus1 (CvIfV1), and Cicadella viridis nido-like virus 1 (CvNiLV1), were revealed using a metatranscriptomic approach. A homology search and phylogenetic analysis indicated that CvIfV1 is a new member in the family Iflaviridae (genus Iflavirus) with a typical iflavirus genome organization, whereas CvNiLV1 belongs to the unclassified clade/family of the order Nidovirales. In addition, analysis of virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) was performed to investigate the antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) response of C. viridis. The vsiRNAs exhibit typical patterns produced by host siRNA-mediated antiviral immunity, including a preference of 21-nt vsiRNAs derived equally from the sense and antisense genomic strands, and a strong A/U bias in the 5′-terminus of the viral genomes. Our study provides valuable information for ISVs in leafhoppers for the first time, which might prove useful in the control of C. viridis in future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects13040378
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 3
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    Novel Polycyclic Fused Amide Derivatives: Properties and Applications for Sky-blue Electroluminescent Devices
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 16 ( 2022-08-14), p. 5181-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 16 ( 2022-08-14), p. 5181-
    Abstract: Aromatic imide derivatives play a critical role in boosting the electroluminescent (EL) performance of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the majority of aromatic imide-based materials are limited to long wavelength emission OLEDs rather than blue emissions due to their strong electron-withdrawing characteristics. Herein, two novel polycyclic fused amide units were reported as electron acceptor to be combined with either a tetramethylcarbazole or acridine donor via a phenyl linker to generate four conventional fluorescence blue emitters of BBI-4MeCz, BBI-DMAC, BSQ-4MeCz and BSQ-DMAC for the first time. BSQ-4MeCz and BSQ-DMAC based on a BSQ unit exhibited higher thermal stability and photoluminescence quantum yields than BBI-4MeCz and BBI-DMAC based on a BBI unit due to their more planar acceptor structure. The intermolecular interactions that exist in the BSQ series materials effectively inhibit the molecular rotation and configuration relaxation, and thus allow for blue-shifted emissions. Blue OLED devices were constructed with the developed materials as emitters, and the effects of both the structure of the polycyclic fused amide acceptor and the electron donor on the EL performance were clarified. Consequently, a sky-blue OLED device based on BSQ-DMAC was created, with a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.94% and a maximum luminance of 7761 cd m−2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165181
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 4
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    The Impact of Quarantine on Pain Sensation among the General Population in China during the COVID-19 Pandemic
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Brain Sciences Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-01-05), p. 79-
    Details
    In: Brain Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-01-05), p. 79-
    Abstract: During the pandemic era, quarantines might potentially have negative effects and disproportionately exacerbate health condition problems. We conducted this cross-sectional, national study to ascertain the prevalence of constant pain symptoms and how quarantines impacted the pain symptoms and identify the factors associated with constant pain to further guide reducing the prevalence of chronic pain for vulnerable people under the pandemic. The sociodemographic data, quarantine conditions, mental health situations and pain symptoms of the general population were collected. After adjusting for potential confounders, long-term quarantine (≥15 days) exposures were associated with an increased risk of constant pain complaints compared to those not under a quarantine (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.26; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.03, 1.54; p = 0.026). Risk factors including unemployment (OR: 1.55), chronic disease history (OR: 2.38) and infection with COVID-19 (OR: 2.15), and any of mental health symptoms including depression, anxiety, insomnia and PTSD (OR: 5.44) were identified by a multivariable logistic regression. Additionally, mediation analysis revealed that the effects of the quarantine duration on pain symptoms were mediated by mental health symptoms (indirect effects: 0.075, p 〈 0.001). These results advocated that long-term quarantine measures were associated with an increased risk of experiencing pain, especially for vulnerable groups with COVID-19 infection and with mental health symptoms. The findings also suggest that reducing mental distress during the pandemic might contribute to reducing the burden of pain symptoms and prioritizing interventions for those experiencing a long-term quarantine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010079
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651993-8
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  • 5
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    Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Reveals Molecular Basis-Associated Auxin and Photosynthesis with Bolting Induced by High Temperature
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 10 ( 2018-09-28), p. 2967-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 10 ( 2018-09-28), p. 2967-
    Abstract: Bolting is a key process in the growth and development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). A high temperature can induce early bolting, which decreases both the quality and production of lettuce. However, knowledge of underlying lettuce bolting is still lacking. To better understand the molecular basis of bolting, a comparative proteomics analysis was conducted on lettuce stems, during the bolting period induced by a high temperature (33 °C) and a control temperature (20 °C) using iTRAQ-based proteomics, phenotypic measures, and biological verifications using qRT-PCR and Western blot. The high temperature induced lettuce bolting, while the control temperature did not. Of the 5454 identified proteins, 619 proteins presented differential abundance induced by high-temperature relative to the control group, of which 345 had an increased abundance and 274 had a decreased abundance. Proteins with an abundance level change were mainly enriched in pathways associated with photosynthesis and tryptophan metabolism involved in auxin (IAA) biosynthesis. Moreover, among the proteins with differential abundance, proteins associated with photosynthesis and tryptophan metabolism were increased. These findings indicate that a high temperature enhances the function of photosynthesis and IAA biosynthesis to promote the process of bolting, which is in line with the physiology and transcription level of IAA metabolism. Our data provide a first comprehensive dataset for gaining novel understanding of the molecular basis underlying lettuce bolting induced by high temperature. It is potentially important for further functional analysis and genetic manipulation for molecular breeding to breed new cultivars of lettuce to restrain early bolting, which is vital for improving vegetable quality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102967
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
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    Estrogen Abolishes the Repression Role of gga-miR-221-5p Targeting ELOVL6 and SQLE to Promote Lipid Synthesis in Chicken Liver
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2020-02-27), p. 1624-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 5 ( 2020-02-27), p. 1624-
    Abstract: Few studies have been conducted regarding the biological function and regulation role of gga-miR-221-5p in the liver. We compared the conservation of miR-221-5p among species and investigated the expression pattern of gga-miR-221-5p, validating the direct target genes of gga-miR-221-5p by dual luciferase reporter assay, the biological function of gga-miR-221-5p in the liver was studied by gga-miR-221-5p overexpression and inhibition. Furthermore, we explored the regulation of gga-miR-221-5p and its target genes by treatment with estrogen and estrogen antagonists in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that miR-221-5p was highly conserved among species, expressed in all tested tissues and significantly downregulated in peak-laying hen liver compared to pre-laying hen liver. Gga-miR-221-5p could directly target the expression of elongase of very long chain fatty acids 6 (ELOVL6) and squalene epoxidase (SQLE) genes to affect triglyceride and total cholesterol content in the liver. 17β-estradiol could significantly inhibit the expression of gga-miR-221-5p but promote the expression of ELOVL6 and SQLE genes. In conclusion, the highly conservative gga-miR-221-5p could directly target ELOVL6 and SQLE mRNAs to affect the level of intracellular triglyceride and total cholesterol. Meanwhile, 17β-estradiol could repress the expression of gga-miR-221-5p but increase the expression of ELOVL6 and SQLE, therefore promoting the synthesis of intracellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the liver of egg-laying chicken.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051624
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 7
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    A Correlation Study of DHA Dietary Intake and Plasma, Erythrocyte and Breast Milk DHA Concentrations in Lactating Women from Coastland, Lakeland, and Inland Areas of China
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2016-05-20), p. 312-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2016-05-20), p. 312-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu8050312
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 8
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    Discovery of Two Novel Negeviruses in a Dungfly Collected from the Arctic
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Viruses Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2020-06-27), p. 692-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2020-06-27), p. 692-
    Abstract: Negeviruses are a proposed group of insect-specific viruses that can be separated into two distinct phylogenetic clades, Nelorpivirus and Sandewavirus. Negeviruses are well-known for their wide geographic distribution and broad host range among hematophagous insects. In this study, the full genomes of two novel negeviruses from each of these clades were identified by RNA extraction and sequencing from a single dungfly (Scathophaga furcata) collected from the Arctic Yellow River Station, where these genomes are the first negeviruses from cold zone regions to be discovered. Nelorpivirus dungfly1 (NVD1) and Sandewavirus dungfly1 (SVD1) have the typical negevirus genome organization and there was a very high coverage of viral transcripts. Small interfering RNAs derived from both viruses were readily detected in S. furcata, clearly showing that negeviruses are targeted by the host antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. These results and subsequent in silico analysis (studies) of public database and published virome data showed that the hosts of nege-like viruses include insects belonging to many orders as well as various non-insects in addition to the hematophagous insects previously reported. Phylogenetic analysis reveals at least three further groups of negeviruses, as well as several poorly resolved solitary branches, filling in the gaps within the two sub-groups of negeviruses and plant-associated viruses in the Kitaviridae. The results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the geographic distribution, host range, evolution and host antiviral immune responses of negeviruses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v12070692
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 9
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    Pitaya HpWRKY3 Is Associated with Fruit Sugar Accumulation by Transcriptionally Modulating Sucrose Metabolic Genes HpINV2 and HpSuSy1
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 8 ( 2019-04-17), p. 1890-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 8 ( 2019-04-17), p. 1890-
    Abstract: Sugar level is an important determinant of fruit taste and consumer preferences. However, upstream regulators that control sugar accumulation during fruit maturation are poorly understood. In the present work, we found that glucose is the main sugar in mature pitaya (Hylocereus) fruit, followed by fructose and sucrose. Expression levels of two sucrose-hydrolyzing enzyme genes HpINV2 and HpSuSy1 obviously increased during fruit maturation, which were correlated well with the elevated accumulation of glucose and fructose. A WRKY transcription factor HpWRKY3 was further identified as the putative binding protein of the HpINV2 and HpSuSy1 promoters by yeast one-hybrid and gel mobility shift assays. HpWRKY3 was localized exclusively in the nucleus and possessed trans-activation ability. HpWRKY3 exhibited the similar expression pattern with HpINV2 and HpSuSy1. Finally, transient expression assays in tobacco leaves showed that HpWRKY3 activated the expressions of HpINV2 and HpSuSy1. Taken together, we propose that HpWRKY3 is associated with pitaya fruit sugar accumulation by activating the transcriptions of sucrose metabolic genes. Our findings thus shed light on the transcriptional mechanism that regulates the sugar accumulation during pitaya fruit quality formation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081890
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Identification of Riptortus pedestris Salivary Proteins and Their Roles in Inducing Plant Defenses
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biology Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2021-08-05), p. 753-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 8 ( 2021-08-05), p. 753-
    Abstract: The bean bug, Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius), is one of the most important soybean pests. It damages soybean leaves and pods with its piercing-sucking mouthparts, causing staygreen-like syndromes in the infested crops. During the feeding process, R. pedestris secretes a mixture of salivary proteins, which play critical roles in the insect–plant interactions and may be responsible for staygreen-like syndromes. The present study aimed to identify the major salivary proteins in R. pedestris saliva by transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, and to screen the proteins that potentially induced plant defense responses. Altogether, 136 salivary proteins were identified, and a majority of them were involved in hydrolase and binding. Additionally, R. pedestris saliva contained abundant bug-specific proteins with unknown function. Transient expression of salivary proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves identified that RpSP10.3, RpSP13.4, RpSP13.8, RpSP17.8, and RpSP10.2 were capable of inducing cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, and hormone signal changes, indicating the potential roles of these proteins in eliciting plant defenses. Our results will shed more light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the plant–insect interactions and are useful for pest management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology10080753
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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