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  • MDPI AG  (13)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Transcriptome Analysis of Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I Overexpression Reveals the Potential Genes for Autophagy-Related Negative Regulation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 13 ( 2022-06-23), p. 2009-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 13 ( 2022-06-23), p. 2009-
    Abstract: Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) serves as an essential viral RNA sensor for innate immune. The activation of the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) pathway triggers many regulations for the outcome of type I interferon, including ubiquitination, dephosphorylation, ISGylation, and autophagy. However, the autophagy-related regulation of RIG-I is still not fully understood. To investigate the potentially unknown genes related to autophagy-related regulation of RIG-I, we firstly confirm the induction of autophagy derived by overexpression of RIG-I. Furthermore, the autophagy inducer and inhibitor drugs were used in different assays. The results showed autophagy could control the activation of RLRs pathway and expression of exogenous RIG-I. In addition, we carried out the transcriptome analysis of overexpression of RIG-I in vitro. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GO and KEGG signaling pathways enrichment provided a newly complex network. Finally, the validation of qPCR indicated that the DEGs PTPN22, PRKN, OTUD7B, and SIRT2 were correlated to the negative regulation of excessive expression of RIG-I. Taken together, our study contributed new insights into a more comprehensive understanding of the regulation of excessive expression of RIG-I. It provided the potential candidate genes for autophagy-related negative regulation for further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11132009
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Protective Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide New Donor Methyl S-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-N-(3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoyl)-l-Cysteinate on the Ischemic Stroke
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 5 ( 2022-02-25), p. 1554-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 5 ( 2022-02-25), p. 1554-
    Abstract: In this paper, we report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel S-allyl-l-cysteine (SAC) and gallic acid conjugate S-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-l-cysteinate (MTC). We evaluate the effects on ischemia-reperfusion-induced PC12 cells, primary neurons in neonatal rats, and cerebral ischemic neuronal damage in rats, and the results showed that MTC increased SOD, CAT, GPx activity and decreased LDH release. PI3K and p-AKT protein levels were significantly increased by activating PI3K/AKT pathway. Mitochondrial pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bim levels were reduced while anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 levels were increased. The levels of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 were also reduced in the plasma. The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was decreased, which in turns the survival rate of nerve cells was increased, so that the ischemic injury of neurons was protected accordingly. MTC activated the MEK-ERK signaling pathway and promoted axonal regeneration in primary neurons of the neonatal rat. The pretreatment of MEK-ERK pathway inhibitor PD98059 and PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 partially attenuated the protective effect of MTC. Using a MCAO rat model indicated that MTC could reduce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and decrease the expression of proinflammatory factors. The neuroprotective effect of MTC may be due to inhibition of the over-activation of the TREK-1 channel and reduction of the current density of the TREK1 channel. These results suggested that MTC has a protective effect on neuronal injury induced by ischemia reperfusion, so it may have the potential to become a new type of neuro-ischemic drug candidate.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051554
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Titanium-Enriched Slag Prepared by Atmospheric Hydrochloric Acid Leaching of Mechanically Activated Vanadium Titanomagnetite Concentrates
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 22 ( 2021-11-09), p. 6736-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 22 ( 2021-11-09), p. 6736-
    Abstract: The titanium-enriched slag was obtained via atmospheric hydrochloric acid leaching of mechanically activated vanadium titanomagnetite concentrates (VTMCs). Under the influence of mechanical activation, specific physicochemical changes were observed via X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and granulometric laser diffraction analysis. Experimental findings revealed that the mechanical activation of VTMCs resulted in a decrease in the median volume particle diameter (d50) and an increase in the specific surface area (SA) with an increased milling time. The results of the leaching experiment revealed that the mechanical activation treatment favors the extraction of iron (Fe) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) from the VTMCs. The Fe and TiO2 extractions from the mechanically activated sample after 10 h compared with the unactivated sample were increased by 12.82% and 4.73%, respectively. The presence of the ilmenite phase in the titanium-enriched slag was confirmed by X-ray diffractometry and EDS patterns, and the content of the TiO2 in the enriched slag can get as high as 43.75%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14226736
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Transcriptome Analysis of In Vitro Fertilization and Parthenogenesis Activation during Early Embryonic Development in Pigs
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Genes Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2021-09-22), p. 1461-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2021-09-22), p. 1461-
    Abstract: Parthenogenesis activation (PA), as an important artificial breeding method, can stably preserve the dominant genotype of a species. However, the delayed development of PA embryos is still overly severe and largely leads to pre-implantation failure in pigs. The mechanisms underlying the deficiencies of PA embryos have not been completely understood. For further understanding of the molecular mechanism behind PA embryo failure, we performed transcriptome analysis among pig oocytes (meiosis II, MII) and early embryos at three developmental stages (zygote, morula, and blastocyst) in vitro fertilization (IVF) and PA group. Totally, 11,110 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 4694 differentially expressed lincRNAs (DELs) were identified, and most DEGs enriched the regulation of apoptotic processes. Through cis- and trans-manner functional prediction, we found that hub lincRNAs were mostly involved in abnormal parthenogenesis embryonic development. In addition, twenty DE imprinted genes showed that some paternally imprinted genes in IVF displayed higher expression than that in PA. Notably, we identified that three DELs of imprinted genes (MEST, PLAGL1, and DIRAS3) were up regulated in IVF, and there was no significant change in PA group. Disordered expression of key genes for embryonic development might play key roles in abnormal parthenogenesis embryonic development. Our study indicates that embryos derived from different production techniques have varied in vitro development to the blastocyst stage, and they also affect the transcription level of corresponding genes, such as imprinted genes. This work will help future research on these genes and molecular-assisted breeding for pig parthenotes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes12101461
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of Safety of Different Vaccine Boosters Following Two-Dose Inactivated Vaccines: A Parallel Controlled Prospective Study
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2022-04-15), p. 622-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2022-04-15), p. 622-
    Abstract: A vaccine booster to maintain high antibody levels and provide effective protection against COVID-19 has been recommended. However, little is known about the safety of a booster for different vaccines. We conducted a parallel controlled prospective study to compare the safety of a booster usingfour common vaccines in China. In total, 320 eligible participants who had received two doses of an inactivated vaccine were equally allocated to receive a booster of the same vaccine (Group A), a different inactivated vaccine (Group B), an adenovirus type-5 vectored vaccine (Group C), or a protein subunit vaccine (Group D). A higher risk of adverse reactions, observed up to 28 days after injection, was found in Groups C and D, compared to Group A, with odds ratios (OR) of 11.63 (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.22–32.05) and 4.38 (1.53–12.56), respectively. Recipients in Group C were more likely to report ≥two reactions (OR = 29.18, 95% CI: 3.70–229.82), and had a higher risk of injection site pain, dizziness, and fatigue. A gender and age disparity in the risk of adverse reactions was identified. Despite the majority of reactions being mild, heterologous booster strategies do increase the risk of adverse reactions, relative to homologous boosters, in subjects who have had two doses of inactive vaccine.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040622
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Photosynthetic and Antioxidative Processes of Scenedesmus obliquus
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Plants Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-12-10), p. 1748-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-12-10), p. 1748-
    Abstract: The effects of the photocatalytic toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (nano-TiO2) on phytoplankton are well understood. However, as UV light intensity decreases sharply with the depth of the water column, the effects of nano-TiO2 itself on deeper water phytoplankton, such as green algae, need further research. In this research, we investigated the effects of three sizes of TiO2 (10, 50 and 200 nm) on the photosynthetic and antioxidative processes of Scenedesmus obliquus in the absence of UV light. We found that 50 nm and 10 nm TiO2 (10 mg/L) inhibited growth rates and the maximal photosystem II quantum yield compared to the control in Scenedesmus obliquus. The minimal and maximal fluorescence yields, and the contents of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, increased, indicating that photosynthetic energy/electrons transferred to oxygen and induced oxidative stress in nano-TiO2-treated samples. In addition, we found that aggregations of algae and 10 nm TiO2 were present, which could induce cell membrane disruption, and vacuoles were induced to cope with nano-TiO2 stress in Scenedesmus obliquus. These results enhance our understanding of the effects of nano-TiO2 on the photosynthetic and antioxidative processes of green algae, and provide basic information for evaluating the ecotoxicity of nano-TiO2 in freshwater ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants9121748
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Study on the Cell Magnification Equivalent Method in Out-of-Plane Compression Simulations of Aluminum Honeycomb
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-01-18), p. 1882-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-01-18), p. 1882-
    Abstract: The large scale and long calculation times are unavoidable problems in modeling honeycomb structures with large sizes and dense cells. The cell magnification equivalent is the main method to solve those problems. This study finds that honeycomb structures with the same thickness-to-length ratios have the same mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics. The improved equivalent finite element models of honeycomb structures with the same thickness-to-length ratios were established and validated by experiments. Based on the validated finite element model of the equivalent honeycomb structures, the out-of-plane compression behaviors of honeycomb structures were analyzed by LS-DYNA software. The results show that the performance of honeycomb structures is not equivalent before and after cell magnification. Thus, the cell magnification results were further subjected to CORA (correlation analysis) to determine the magnification time and prove the accuracy of the cell magnification time through drop-weight impact tests. In addition, a first-order decay exponential function (ExpDec1) for predicting cell magnification time was obtained by analyzing the relationship between the cell wall length and the cell magnification time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su15031882
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Three-Dimensional Pore Structure Characterization of Bituminous Coal and Its Relationship with Adsorption Capacity
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Materials Vol. 16, No. 16 ( 2023-08-10), p. 5564-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 16 ( 2023-08-10), p. 5564-
    Abstract: Bituminous coal reservoirs exhibit pronounced heterogeneity, which significantly impedes the production capacity of coalbed methane. Therefore, obtaining a thorough comprehension of the pore characteristics of bituminous coal reservoirs is essential for understanding the dynamic interaction between gas and coal, as well as ensuring the safety and efficiency of coal mine production. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the pore structure and surface roughness of six bituminous coal samples (1.19% 〈 Ro,max 〈 2.55%) using various atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. Firstly, we compared the microscopic morphology obtained through low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption (LP-N2-GA) and AFM. It was observed that LP-N2-GA provides a comprehensive depiction of various pore structures, whereas AFM only allows the observation of V-shaped and wedge-shaped pores. Subsequently, the pore structure analysis of the coal samples was performed using Threshold and Chen’s algorithms at ×200 and ×4000 magnifications. Our findings indicate that Chen’s algorithm enables the observation of a greater number of pores compared to the Threshold algorithm. Moreover, the porosity obtained through the 3D algorithm is more accurate and closely aligns with the results from LP-N2-GA analysis. Regarding the effect of magnification, it was found that ×4000 magnification yielded a higher number of pores compared to ×200 magnification. The roughness values (Rq and Ra) obtained at ×200 magnification were 5–14 times greater than those at ×4000 magnification. Interestingly, despite the differences in magnification, the difference in porosity between ×200 and ×4000 was not significant. Furthermore, when comparing the results with the HP-CH4-GA experiment, it was observed that an increase in Ra and Rq values positively influenced gas adsorption, while an increase in Rsk and Rku values had an unfavorable effect on gas adsorption. This suggests that surface roughness plays a crucial role in gas adsorption behavior. Overall, the findings highlight the significant influence of different methods on the evaluation of pore structure. The 3D algorithm and ×4000 magnification provide a more accurate description of the pore structure. Additionally, the variation in 3D surface roughness was found to be related to coal rank and had a notable effect on gas adsorption.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma16165564
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Elevated Serum Bisphenol A Level in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2015-05-19), p. 5329-5337
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2015-05-19), p. 5329-5337
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120505329
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Activation of the Dormant Secondary Metabolite Production by Introducing Gentamicin-Resistance in a Marine-Derived Penicillium purpurogenum G59
    MDPI AG ; 2012
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2012-03-02), p. 559-582
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2012-03-02), p. 559-582
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md10030559
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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