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  • MDPI AG  (1,346)
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  • MDPI AG  (1,346)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Dietary Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Extract on Growth, Muscle Composition, Hepatopancreas Histology, Immune Responses and Microcystin-LR Resistance of Juvenile Red Claw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus)
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Fishes Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-12-28), p. 20-
    Details
    In: Fishes, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-12-28), p. 20-
    Abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different doses of dietary Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract (ELE) on juvenile red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus). A total number of 720 red claw crayfish (initial body weight of 0.24 ± 0.01 g) were randomly assigned to six groups and fed diets containing 0 (Diet 1), 0.5 (Diet 2), 1 (Diet 3), 2 (Diet 4), 4 (Diet 5) and 10 (Diet 6) g dry weight (dw) ELE kg (dw)−1 diets for eight weeks and challenged with microcystin-LR stress. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with 1–2 g dw ELE kg (dw)−1 diet could significantly improve the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of crayfish. Muscle crude protein contents of crayfish fed Diet 2, Diet 3, and Diet 4 were significantly higher than those of the control group. Compared with the control group, dietary ELE could increase total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and phenoloxidase (PO) activities and decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) level of crayfish. Dietary ELE significantly increased the relative expression levels of SOD, thioredoxin 1 (TRX1), GPx, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx), cytochrome P450 (CYP450), anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) and C-type lysozyme (C-LZM) mRNA of crayfish compared with the control group during the feeding experiment. When subjected to MC-LR stress for 48 h, the mRNA expression levels of SOD, GPx, Se-GPx, glutathione-s-transferase 1 (GST1), ALF, hemocyanin (HEM), and C-LZM in the hepatopancreas could be improved to varying degrees compared with the Diet 1. Supplementation of 1–2 g dw ELE kg (dw)−1 diet could improve the survival rate (SR) of crayfish under MC-LR stress. These results indicated that dietary ELE (1–2 g dw ELE kg (dw)−1 diet) could improve the growth performance, muscle protein, and non-specific immune response and increase the SR of crayfish under MC-LR stress by regulating the mRNA expression levels of the immune- and antioxidant-related genes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2410-3888
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fishes8010020
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2932929-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    TNFSF4 Gene Variations Are Related to Early-Onset Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and Hypothyroidism of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 17, No. 8 ( 2016-08-20), p. 1369-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 8 ( 2016-08-20), p. 1369-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081369
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploratory Study of the Phase IV Immunization Schedule of Quadrivalent Influenza Split-Virion Vaccine in Children Aged 3–8 Years
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2024-03-18), p. 321-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2024-03-18), p. 321-
    Abstract: This study explored the optimum immunization schedule for the quadrivalent influenza split-virion vaccine containing influenza A strains (H1N1 and H3N2) and B lineage strains (Yamagata and Victoria) in children aged 3–8 years. The 652 participants enrolled were divided into two groups based on a history of influenza immunization (IH group) or no history of influenza immunization (NH group). The groups were administered a two-dose immunization schedule on days 0 and 30. In the NH group, on day 30 after the first dose, the positive rates of influenza hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies of strains H1N1, H3N2, BV, and BY were 85.85%, 71.70%, 65.27% and 60.45%, respectively. The positive rates of BV and BY failed to meet the absolute criteria for evaluating the immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in the population aged 3–60 years (for each strain antibody). On day 30 after the second dose, HI antibodies to strains H1N1, H3N2, BV, and BY met the immunogenicity acceptable criteria. In the IH group, on day 30 after the first dose, HI antibodies to strains H1N1, H3N2, BV, and BY met the acceptable criteria for immunogenicity. The incidence rates of adverse reactions (vaccine-related adverse events) from the first dose up until 30 days after the second dose were 20.80% in the IH group and 19.50% in the NH group. Only two Grade 3 adverse reactions (fever: temperature ≥ 39.5 °C, swelling: area ≥ 50% of the injection site area) occurred in the IH group, and no Grade 3 adverse reactions occurred in the NH group. No serious adverse reactions occurred in either group. We conclude that for the NH group, two doses of quadrivalent influenza vaccine should be administered, and for the IH group, a one-dose regimen is acceptable.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12030321
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Improved Lithium Storage Performance of a TiO2 Anode Material Doped by Co
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Materials Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2023-02-04), p. 1325-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 4 ( 2023-02-04), p. 1325-
    Abstract: TiO2 is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its low cost, suitable operating voltage, and excellent structural stability. The inherent poor electron conductivity and low ion diffusion coefficient, however, severely limit its application in lithium storage. Here, Co-doped TiO2 is synthesized by a hydrothermal method as an anode material since Co@TiO2 possesses a large specific surface area and high electronic conductivity. Thanks to the Co dopants, the ion diffusion and electron transport are both greatly improved, which is very beneficial for cycle stability, coulombic efficiency (CE), reversible capacity, and rate performance. As a result, Co@TiO2 shows a high reversible capacity of 227 mAh g−1 at 3 C, excellent rate performance, and cycling stability with a capacity of about 125 mAh g−1 at 10C after 600 cycles (1 C = 170 mA g−1).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma16041325
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Resveratrol in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Attenuates Hypertension by Regulation of ROS and Neurotransmitters
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-10-07), p. 4177-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-10-07), p. 4177-
    Abstract: Background: The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is an important nucleus in the brain that plays a key role in regulating sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and blood pressure. Silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (sirtuin1, SIRT1) not only protects cardiovascular function but also reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in the periphery. However, its role in the central regulation of hypertension remains unknown. It is hypothesized that SIRT1 activation by resveratrol may reduce SNA and lower blood pressure through the regulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neurotransmitters in the PVN. Methods: The two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) method was used to induce renovascular hypertension in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Then, bilaterally injections of vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid, aCSF, 0.4 μL) or resveratrol (a SIRT1 agonist, 160 μmol/L, 0.4 μL) into rat PVN were performed for four weeks. Results: PVN SIRT1 expression was lower in the hypertension group than the sham surgery (SHAM) group. Activated SIRT1 within the PVN lowered systolic blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels. It was found that PVN of 2K1C animals injected with resveratrol exhibited increased expression of SIRT1, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), as well as decreased activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX), particularly NOX4. Treatment with resveratrol also decreased expression of ROS and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Conclusion: Resveratrol within the PVN attenuates hypertension via the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway to decrease ROS and restore the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14194177
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exercise Training Attenuates Hypertension via Suppressing ROS/MAPK/NF-κB/AT-1R Pathway in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-24), p. 3968-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 19 ( 2022-09-24), p. 3968-
    Abstract: Background: Aerobic exercise training (ExT) is beneficial for hypertension, however, its central mechanisms in improving hypertension remain unclear. Since the importance of the up-regulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT-1R) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamic in sympathoexcitation and hypertension has been shown, we testified the hypothesis that aerobic ExT decreases blood pressure in hypertensive rats by down-regulating the AT-1R through reactive oxygen species (ROS)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factors κB (NF-κB) pathway within the PVN. Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to the following groups: sham operation (SHAM) + kept sedentary (Sed), SHAM + exercise training (ExT), two kidney-one clamp (2K1C) + Sed, and 2K1C + ExT groups. Results: The 2K1C + Sed hypertensive rats showed higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), upregulated ROS, phosphorylated (p-) p44/42 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, NF-κB p65 activity, and AT-1R expression in the PVN, and increased circulating norepinephrine (NE) than those of SHAM rats. After eight weeks of aerobic ExT, the 2K1C + ExT hypertensive rats showed attenuated NE and SBP levels, suppressed NF-κB p65 activity, and reduced expression of ROS, p-p44/42 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, and AT-1R in the PVN, relatively to the 2K1C + Sed group. Conclusions: These data are suggestive of beneficial effects of aerobic ExT in decreasing SBP in hypertensive rats, via down-regulating the ROS/MAPK/NF-κB pathway that targets AT-1R in the PVN, and eventually ameliorating 2K1C-induced hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14193968
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Structure and Predicted Functional Analysis in the Water-Level Fluctuation Zone of the Danjiangkou Reservoir in China During the Dry Period
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2020-02-16), p. 1266-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2020-02-16), p. 1266-
    Abstract: The water-level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) is a transitional zone between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Plant communities that are constructed artificially in the WLFZ can absorb and retain nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). However, the microbial community composition and function associated with this process have not been elucidated. In this study, four artificially constructed plant communities, including those of herbs (Cynodon dactylon and Chrysopogon zizanioides), trees (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), and shrubs (Salix matsudana) from the newly formed WLFZ of the Danjiangkou Reservoir were evaluated. The bacterial community compositions were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using a MiSeq platform, and the functions of these communities were assessed via Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) analysis. The results showed that the bacterial communities primarily comprised 362 genera from 24 phyla, such as Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes, showing the richness of the community composition. Planting altered the bacterial community composition, with varying effects observed among the different plant types. The bacterial community functional analysis revealed that these bacteria were primarily associated with six biological metabolic pathway categories (e.g., metabolism, genetic information processing, and environmental information processing) with 34 subfunctions, showing the richness of community functions. The planting of M. glyptostroboides, S. matsudana, and C. dactylon improved the metabolic capabilities of bacterial communities. N- and P-cycling gene analysis showed that planting altered the N- and P-cycling metabolic capacities of soil bacteria. The overall N- and P-metabolic capacity was highly similar between C. dactylon and C. zizanioides samples and between S. matsudana and M. glyptostroboides samples. The results of this study provide a preliminary analysis of soil bacterial community structure and function in the WLFZ of the Danjiangkou Reservoir and provides a reference for vegetation construction in this zone.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041266
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Luteolin Attenuates Hypertension via Inhibiting NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-01-18), p. 502-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 3 ( 2023-01-18), p. 502-
    Abstract: Background: Luteolin is widely distributed among a number of vegetal species worldwide. The pharmacological effects of luteolin are diverse and amongst antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activities. Preliminary study showed that luteolin can ameliorate hypertension. However, the precise mechanism needs further investigation. There is no evidence that luteolin affects the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), a brain nucleus associated with a critical neural regulator of blood pressure. Our main aim was to explore the effect of luteolin on the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway within the PVN of hypertensive rats. Methods: spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and corresponding normotensive control rats, the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into four groups and subsequently treated for 4 weeks with bilateral PVN injections of either luteolin (20 µg/0.11 µL, volume: 0.11 µL/h) or vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid). Results: luteolin infusion to the PVN significantly decreased some hemodynamic parameters including the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), circulating plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI). Additionally, there was a decrease in the expressions of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K) and phosphorylated protein kinase-B (p-AKT), levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NAD(P)H oxidase subunit (NOX2, NOX4) in the PVN of SHRs. Meanwhile, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 in the PVN of SHRs were lowered. Furthermore, immunofluorescence results showed that injection of luteolin in the PVN reduced the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and increased that of superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and the 67-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) in the PVN of SHRs. Conclusion: Our novel findings revealed that luteolin lowered hypertension via inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the PVN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15030502
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Analysis of the Genetic Relation between Photosynthesis and Yield-Related Traits in Wheat
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Agriculture Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-14), p. 560-
    Details
    In: Agriculture, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-14), p. 560-
    Abstract: A recombinant inbred line population, derived from a cross between a high light-tolerant wheat Triticum aestivum cv. Xiaoyan 54 and a high yielding, but high light-sensitive variety, Jing 411, was used to explore the genetic relation between photosynthesis and grain yield-related traits. The net CO2 assimilation rate, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, leaf area index, plant height, spike number, biomass, grain yield, and harvest index were evaluated in the field across two consecutive years. The results reveal that a total of 57 quantitative trait loci (QTL) are found to be associated with the investigated traits. They distributed on almost all 21 chromosomes, except for chromosomes 5D, 6D, 7A, and 7D. The phenotypic variance explained by a single QTL ranged from 9.3% to 39.9% depending on traits and QTL. Of these QTL, 12 QTL clusters were found to regulate at least 2 of the investigated traits, which distributed on 8 chromosomes, 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3B, 4B and 5A. Seven QTL clusters were associated with both photosynthesis and grain yield-related traits, indicative of their genetic relation. Two QTL clusters on 2D and 4B were co-located with two reduced-height genes, Rht8 and Rht-B1b, respectively. These QTL clusters may be used as potential targets for wheat radiation use efficiency improvement in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0472
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agriculture12040560
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2651678-0
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Natural Antioxidants from the Osmanthus fragrans Flower
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Molecules Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2016-02-18), p. 218-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2016-02-18), p. 218-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020218
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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