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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 13 ( 2023-07-07), p. 11230-
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 13 ( 2023-07-07), p. 11230-
    Abstract: Airway epithelium repair after infection consists of wound repair, re-synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and tight junction proteins. In humans, EPs® 7630 obtained from Pelargonium sidoides roots reduces the severity and duration of acute respiratory tract infections. The effect of EPs® 7630 on tissue repair of rhinovirus-16 (RV-16) infected and control human airway epithelial cells was assessed for: (i) epithelial cell proliferation by manual cell counts, (ii) epithelial wound repair by “scratch assay”, (iii) ECM composition by Western-blotting and cell-based ELISA, and (iv) epithelial tight junction proteins by Western-blotting. EPs® 7630 stimulated cell proliferation through cAMP, CREB, and p38 MAPK. EPs® 7630 significantly improved wound repair. Pro-inflammatory collagen type-I expression was reduced by EPs® 7630, while fibronectin was increased. Virus-binding tight junction proteins desmoglein2, desmocollin2, ZO-1, claudin1, and claudin4 were downregulated by EPs® 7630. The RV16-induced shift of the ECM towards the pro-inflammatory type was prevented by EPs® 7630. Most of the effects of EPs® 7630 on tissue repair and regeneration were sensitive to inhibition of cAMP-induced signaling. The data suggest that EPs® 7630-dependent modification of epithelial cell metabolism and function might underlie the faster recovery time from viral infections, as reported by others in clinical studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-12-15), p. 752-
    Abstract: Urban systems involve a multitude of closely intertwined components, which are more measurable than before due to new sensors, data collection, and spatio-temporal analysis methods. Turning these data into knowledge to facilitate planning efforts in addressing current challenges of urban complex systems requires advanced interdisciplinary analysis methods, such as urban informatics or urban data science. Yet, by applying a purely data-driven approach, it is too easy to get lost in the ‘forest’ of data, and to miss the ‘trees’ of successful, livable cities that are the ultimate aim of urban planning. This paper assesses how geospatial data, and urban analysis, using a mixed methods approach, can help to better understand urban dynamics and human behavior, and how it can assist planning efforts to improve livability. Based on reviewing state-of-the-art research the paper goes one step further and also addresses the potential as well as limitations of new data sources in urban analytics to get a better overview of the whole ‘forest’ of these new data sources and analysis methods. The main discussion revolves around the reliability of using big data from social media platforms or sensors, and how information can be extracted from massive amounts of data through novel analysis methods, such as machine learning, for better-informed decision making aiming at urban livability improvement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 3
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2022-02-23), p. 1127-
    Abstract: Background. Very late recurrence (LR), i.e., 〉 5 years after initial presentation, occurs in about 1% of patients with germ cell tumors of the testis (TGCT) and is associated with poor prognosis. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center who developed LR 〉 5 years after their initial diagnosis of TGCT. Results. We identified 25 patients who developed LR between July 2007 and August 2020. The median age at the time of LR was 46 years (range, 29–61). Pathology of LR: somatic transformation to carcinoma or sarcoma—11, nonseminoma with yolk sac tumor or teratoma—11, nonseminoma without yolk sac tumor or teratoma—2, not available—1. With a median follow-up of 3.5 years, 68% of patients are alive 3 years after LR. Patients with prior post-chemotherapy consolidation surgery do not have statistically significant longer survival compared to patients who did not receive post-chemotherapy consolidation surgery, 83.3% vs. 60.8% at 3 years, respectively, p = 0.50. Conclusions. Patients with LR 〉 5 years tend to harbor nonseminoma (with yolk sac tumor and or teratoma). Among these patients, a majority who did not undergo surgery to remove residual disease after chemotherapy developed somatic transformation and succumbed to their LR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 4
    In: Geosciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2018-09-05), p. 334-
    Abstract: Subsurface imaging in arid regions is a well-known application of satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Archaeological prospection has often focused on L-band SAR sensors, given the ability of longer wavelengths to penetrate more deeply into sand. In contrast, this study demonstrates capabilities of shorter-wavelength, but higher spatial resolution, C-band and X-band SAR sensors in archaeological subsurface imaging at the site of ‘Uqdat al-Bakrah (Safah), Oman. Despite having varying parameters and acquisitions, both the X-band and C-band images analyzed were able to identify a subsurface paleo-channel that is not visible on the ground surface. This feature was first identified through Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey, then recognized in the SAR imagery and further verified by test excavations. Both the GPR and the excavations reveal the base of the paleo-channel at a depth of 0.6 m–0.7 m. Hence, both X-band and C-band wavelengths are appropriate for subsurface archaeological prospection in suitable (dry silt and sand) conditions with specific acquisition parameters. Moreover, these results offer important new insights into the paleo-environmental context of ancient metal-working at ‘Uqdat al-Bakrah and demonstrate surface water flow roughly contemporary with the site’s occupation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3263
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655946-8
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  • 5
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2017-05-25), p. 55-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 6
    In: Life, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-01-02), p. 126-
    Abstract: Treatment refractory or recurrent trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe chronic pain illness. Single-session repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to elicit analgesic effects in several craniofacial pain syndromes, including TN. However, the safety and long-term effect of multi-session rTMS for TN have yet to be fully explored. In this study, we present a case of a patient with medical treatment-refractory TN after microvascular decompression. The patient volunteered to undergo 73 sessions of 10 Hz rTMS over 23 months. Neurovagination was used for precise localization and stimulation of the hand and face representation at the left motor cortex. The numeric pain intensity scores derived using the visual analog scale served as a daily index of treatment efficacy. The patient experienced a significant weekly reduction in pain scores, cumulating in 70.89% overall pain relief. The medication dosages were reduced and then discontinued toward the end of the intervention period. No severe adverse events were reported. From our results, we can conclude that the longitudinal multi-session application of rTMS over the hand and face area of M1 is a safe and effective method for producing long-lasting pain relief in TN. Using rTMS may thus prove helpful as an adjunct to conventional methods for treating pain in TN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1729
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662250-6
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  • 7
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2019-12-14), p. 3014-
    Abstract: This study presents a new approach for detection and mapping of ancient slag heaps using 16-band multispectral satellite imagery. Understanding the distribution of slag (a byproduct of metal production) is of great importance for understanding how metallurgy shaped long-term economic and political change across the ancient Near East. This study presents results of slag mapping in Oman using WorldView-3 (WV3) satellite imagery. A semi-automated target detection routine using a mixed tuned matched filtering (MTMF) algorithm with scene-derived spectral signatures was applied to 16-band WV3 imagery. Associated field mapping at two copper production sites indicates that WorldView-3 satellite data can differentiate slag and background materials with a relatively high ( 〉 90%) overall accuracy. Although this method shows promise for future initiatives to discover and map slag deposits, difficulties in dark object spectral differentiation and underestimation of total slag coverage substantially limit its use. Resulting lower estimations of combined user’s (61%) and producer’s (45%) accuracies contextualize these limitations for slag specific classification. Accordingly, we describe potential approaches to address these challenges in future studies. As sites of ancient metallurgy in Oman are often located in areas of modern exploration and mining, detection and mapping of ancient slag heaps via satellite imagery can be helpful for discovery and monitoring of vulnerable cultural heritage sites.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 6, No. 10 ( 2017-09-22), p. 294-
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 10 ( 2017-09-22), p. 294-
    Abstract: Across Europe, and probably the world, messages of the extreme right surface with increasing and alarming regularity in both public and virtual space. Within the virtual space, geomedia are increasingly used in nationalist propaganda, a trend which is embedded in a wider development in public discourse, election results, and policies. In Austria and Germany, particular sensibilities due to the responsibility for the Holocaust have developed, leading to various specific education initiatives that address this part of history. This paper presents an activist learning environment using geomedia to deconstruct right-wing extremist discourses, and has been tested used in university settings in Salzburg and Vienna. Using a combination of Instagram and geospatial technologies not visible to learners, results of reflection and learning processes are analyzed qualitatively across two slightly different enactments of the learning environment. Experiences suggest an encouraging potential of geomedia use in critical learning processes, as long as the technology is hidden from learners, forming an incentive, support, and contextualization of the learning process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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  • 9
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2018-06-27), p. 1679-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 10
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 24 ( 2019-12-05), p. 5358-
    Abstract: Using sensors and electronic systems for characterization of plant traits provides valuable digital inputs to support complex analytical modeling in genetics research. In field applications, frequent sensor deployment enables the study of the dynamics of these traits and their interaction with the environment. This study focused on implementing lidar (light detection and ranging) technology to generate 2D displacement data at high spatial resolution and extract plant architectural parameters, namely canopy height and cover, in a diverse population of 252 maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. A prime objective was to develop the mechanical and electrical subcomponents for field deployment from a ground vehicle. Data reduction approaches were implemented for efficient same-day post-processing to generate by-plot statistics. The lidar system was successfully deployed six times in a span of 42 days. Lidar data accuracy was validated through independent measurements in a subset of 75 experimental units. Manual and lidar-derived canopy height measurements were compared resulting in root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.068 m and r2 = 0.81. Subsequent genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses for quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification and comparisons of genetic correlations and heritabilities for manual and lidar-based traits showed statistically significant associations. Low-cost, field-ready lidar of computational simplicity make possible timely phenotyping of diverse populations in multiple environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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