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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Etiologic Factors of Rotator Cuff Disease in Elderly: Modifiable Factors in Addition to Known Demographic Factors
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 6 ( 2022-03-21), p. 3715-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 6 ( 2022-03-21), p. 3715-
    Abstract: With the aging society, musculoskeletal degenerative diseases are becoming a burden on society, and rotator cuff disease is one of these degenerative diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of shoulder osteoarthritis and the etiologic factors of rotator cuff disease in the Korean elderly population. A total of 102 patients performing ultrasonography were recruited, and their demographic factors were analyzed. As functional factors, visual analog scale and the peak torque of external and internal rotators of the shoulder using an isokinetic dynamometer were measured. As an anatomical factor, the acromiohumeral distance in the plain radiograph of the glenohumeral anterior-posterior view was used. There were more female patients (65.7%) than male patients (34.3%). The age range with the highest number of respondents was 50–59 years old. The mean visual analogue score was 4.09 (Min 1 to Max 9). Age and dominant hand side factors appear to be the crucial etiologic factors of the presence and severity of rotator cuff disease. The lower net value of the external rotator strength is weakly related to the presence of rotator cuff disease after adjusting for age, and this is the only modifiable factor in the study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063715
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tree-Based Modeling for Large-Scale Management in Agriculture: Explaining Organic Matter Content in Soil
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2024-02-22), p. 1811-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 5 ( 2024-02-22), p. 1811-
    Abstract: Machine learning (ML) has become more prevalent as a tool used for biogeochemical analysis in agricultural management. However, a common drawback of ML models is the lack of interpretability, as they are black boxes that provide little insight into agricultural management. To overcome this limitation, we compared three tree-based models (decision tree, random forest, and gradient boosting) to explain soil organic matter content through Shapley additive explanations (SHAP). Here, we used nationwide data on field crops, soil, terrain, and climate across South Korea (n = 9584). Using the SHAP method, we identified common primary controls of the models, for example, regions with precipitation levels above 1400 mm and exchangeable potassium levels exceeding 1 cmol+ kg−1, which favor enhanced organic matter in the soil. Different models identified different impacts of macronutrients on the organic matter content in the soil. The SHAP method is practical for assessing whether different ML models yield consistent findings in addressing these inquiries. Increasing the explainability of these models means determining essential variables related to soil organic matter management and understanding their associations for specific instances.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app14051811
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thoracic Paravertebral Block with Adjuvant Dexmedetomidine in Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2019-03-12), p. 352-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2019-03-12), p. 352-
    Abstract: Background: The addition of the adjuvant dexmedetomidine to a nerve block improves the quality of the block and reduces perioperative opioid consumption. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant for the thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) in postoperative pain control after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Methods: Sixty-six males, aged 15–40 years, with spontaneous pneumothorax scheduled for VATS wedge resection were enrolled. Following surgery, ultrasound-guided TPVB was performed on the T3 and T5 levels with 30 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine, plus adjuvant dexmedetomidine 50 μg or normal saline. The primary outcome was cumulative fentanyl consumption at 24 h. Pain severity, the requirement for additional rescue analgesics, hemodynamic variations, and side effects were also evaluated. Results: Median postoperative cumulative fentanyl consumption at 24 h was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group (122.6 (interquartile range (IQR) 94.5–268.0) μg vs. 348.1 (IQR, 192.8–459.2) μg, p-value = 0.001) with a Hodges–Lehman median difference between groups of 86.2 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.2–156.4) mg. Coughing numeric rating scale (NRS) was lower in the dexmedetomidine group at postoperative 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. However, resting NRS differed significantly only after 4 h postoperative. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine as an adjunct in TPVB provided effective pain relief and significantly reduced opioid requirement in VATS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030352
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Effect of Fermented Kefir as Functional Feed Additive in Post-Weaned Pigs
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Fermentation Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2021-02-16), p. 23-
    Details
    In: Fermentation, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2021-02-16), p. 23-
    Abstract: The control of the immune system of pigs after weaning is important in pig farming because productivity depends on the survival of the post-weaned pigs. Previously, antibiotics would have been administered in the case of infectious diseases to increase the survival rate of post-weaned pigs, but now, the use of antibiotics is strictly restricted in order to prevent other problems such as the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. In this study, the effect of fermented kefir as a functional feed additive as a replacement to antibiotics was evaluated in terms of the microbial profile in fecal samples, immunological factors in the blood of pigs, growth performance measured as average daily gain (ADG) and the feed conversion rate (FCR) of post-weaned pigs. In the kefir-treated group, the number of lactic acid bacteria and Bacillus spp. in the fecal samples of the pigs increased with the kefir treatments. Interestingly, the number of coliform groups as opportunistic pathogens was reduced in the fecal samples of pigs treated with kefir. We found out that treatment with kefir enhanced the innate immunity of post-weaned pigs though the reduction of IL-6 as a proinflammatory cytokine and an increase in IgG as an immunoglobulin, enhancing immunological defense against pathogens. Finally, after treatment with kefir, we observed that the ADG of post-weaned pigs increased to 135.6% but FCR decreased to 92.2%. Therefore, this study shows that fermented kefir can be used as a functional feed additive and an antibiotic alternative in order to improve both the innate immune system and growth performance of post-weaned pigs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-5637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7010023
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813985-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Real Options Analysis for Land and Water Solar Deployment in Idle Areas of Agricultural Dam: A Case Study of South Korea
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-17), p. 2297-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2022-02-17), p. 2297-
    Abstract: This study presents a real options-based framework for investment in land and water solar power projects in the idle areas of agricultural dams. The following four-step framework was verified through a case study conducted in South Korea: (1) select the location and size of the project; (2) define uncertainties in the project data (construction cost, O & M cost, sunshine hours, and mechanical efficiency) and market data (inflation, discount rate, risk-free interest rate, and electricity selling price); (3) estimate cash flow and project volatility to calculate the option value using a binomial tree model; and (4) make decisions regarding project investment. A case study was conducted for the Naju Agricultural Dam (NAD) project, which has a net present value of −6.67 million USD, but will have a profit of 38.17 million USD after an abandonment option is applied using the proposed framework. Our contributions provide a framework for evaluating the economic feasibility of installing solar projects in idle areas of agricultural dams and for improving the profitability of solar projects using the abandonment option. The proposed framework can assist investors in planning solar projects in idle areas of agricultural dams.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su14042297
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Security Policy Scheme for an Efficient Security Architecture in Software-Defined Networking
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Information Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2017-06-13), p. 65-
    Details
    In: Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 2 ( 2017-06-13), p. 65-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2078-2489
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/info8020065
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2599790-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparative Analysis of 5G Mobile Communication Network Architectures
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-04-04), p. 2478-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2020-04-04), p. 2478-
    Abstract: Mobile communication technology is evolving from 4G to 5G. Compared to previous generations, 5G has the capability to implement latency-critical services, such as autonomous driving, real-time AI on handheld devices and remote drone control. Multi-access Edge Computing is one of the key technologies of 5G in guaranteeing ultra-low latency aimed to support latency critical services by distributing centralized computing resources to networks edges closer to users. However, due to its high granularity of computing resources, Multi-access Edge Computing has an architectural vulnerability in that it can lead to the overloading of regional computing resources, a phenomenon called regional traffic explosion. This paper proposes an improved communication architecture called Hybrid Cloud Computing, which combines the advantages of both Centralized Cloud Computing and Multi-access Edge Computing. The performance of the proposed network architecture is evaluated by utilizing a discrete-event simulation model. Finally, the results, advantages, and disadvantages of various network architectures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10072478
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Fermented Kefir as a Functional Feed Additive in Litopenaeus vannamei Farming
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Fermentation Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2020-11-27), p. 118-
    Details
    In: Fermentation, MDPI AG, Vol. 6, No. 4 ( 2020-11-27), p. 118-
    Abstract: Litopenaeus vannamei, known as whiteleg shrimp, is susceptible to infection by pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria. Therefore, the prevention of infections in this shrimp is important to regulate the outbreaks of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of kefir as a functional feed additive on innate immunity, survival against WSSV (White Spot Syndrome Virus) and productivity of L. vannamei. As a result, the treatment of kefir could upregulate six of seven genes crucial for innate immunity of L. vannamei. Also, the treatment of kefir directly improved the survival rate of L. vannamei against WSSV infection. Finally, in order to determine whether kefir can improve the productivity of shrimp, we carried out field tests in three aquaculture farms in South Korea. The weight of shrimp fed kefir was increased by 120% as well as the length, compared with that of the control group. These results demonstrate that kefir can be utilized as a functional feed additive to improve both innate immunity and productivity of L. vannamei in shrimp farming with no use of antibiotics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2311-5637
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6040118
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2813985-9
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Musculoskeletal Disorders, Pain Medication, and in-Hospital Mortality among Patients with COVID-19 in South Korea: A Population-Based Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 13 ( 2021-06-24), p. 6804-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 13 ( 2021-06-24), p. 6804-
    Abstract: We aimed to investigate whether comorbid musculoskeletal disorders (MSD)s and pain medication use was associated with in-hospital mortality among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Adult patients (≥20 years old) with a positive COVID-19 diagnosis until 5 June 2020 were included in this study, based on the National Health Insurance COVID-19 database in South Korea. MSDs included osteoarthritis, neck pain, lower back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and others, while pain medication included paracetamol, gabapentin, pregabalin, glucocorticoid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids (strong and weak opioids), and benzodiazepine. Primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. A total of 7713 patients with COVID-19 were included, and in-hospital mortality was observed in 248 (3.2%) patients. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, no MSDs (p 〉 0.05) were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality. However, in-hospital mortality was 12.73 times higher in users of strong opioids (odds ratio: 12.73, 95% confidence interval: 2.44–16.64; p = 0.002), while use of paracetamol (p = 0.973), gabapentin or pregabalin (p = 0.424), glucocorticoid (p = 0.673), NSAIDs (p = 0.979), weak opioids (p = 0.876), and benzodiazepine (p = 0.324) was not associated with in-hospital mortality. In South Korea, underlying MSDs were not associated with increased in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19. However, use of strong opioids was significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality among the patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136804
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Decursin Alleviates Mechanical Allodynia in a Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathic Pain Mouse Model
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cells Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2021-03-04), p. 547-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2021-03-04), p. 547-
    Abstract: Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CINP) is a severe adverse effect of platinum- and taxane-derived anticancer drugs. The pathophysiology of CINP includes damage to neuronal networks and dysregulation of signal transduction due to abnormal Ca2+ levels. Therefore, methods that aid the recovery of neuronal networks could represent a potential treatment for CINP. We developed a mouse model of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy, representing CINP, to examine whether intrathecal injection of decursin could be effective in treating CINP. We found that decursin reduced capsaicin-induced intracellular Ca2+ levels in F11 cells and stimulated neurite outgrowth in a concentration-dependent manner. Decursin directly reduced mechanical allodynia, and this improvement was even greater with a higher frequency of injections. Subsequently, we investigated whether decursin interacts with the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). The web server SwissTargetPrediction predicted that TRPV1 is one of the target proteins that may enable the effective treatment of CINP. Furthermore, we discovered that decursin acts as a TRPV1 antagonist. Therefore, we demonstrated that decursin may be an important compound for the treatment of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain that functions via TRPV1 inhibition and recovery of damaged neuronal networks.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells10030547
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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