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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Glucono-δ-Lactone and Transglutaminase on the Physicochemical and Textural Properties of Plant-Based Meat Patty
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 21 ( 2022-10-24), p. 3337-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 21 ( 2022-10-24), p. 3337-
    Abstract: Due to growing interest in health and sustainability, the demand for replacing animal-based ingredients with more sustainable alternatives has increased. Many studies have been conducted on plant-based meat, but only a few have investigated the effect of adding a suitable binder to plant-based meat to enhance meat texture. Thus, this study investigated the effects of the addition of transglutaminase (TG) and glucono-δ-lactone (GdL) on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory characteristics of plant-based ground meat products. The addition of a high quantity of GdL(G10T0) had an effect on the decrease in lightness (L* 58.98) and the increase in redness (a* 3.62). TG and GdL also decreased in terms of cooking loss (CL) and water holding capacity (WHC) of PBMPs. G5T5 showed the lowest CL (3.8%), while G3T7 showed the lowest WHC (86.02%). The mechanical properties also confirmed that G3T7-added patties have significantly high hardness (25.49 N), springiness (3.7 mm), gumminess (15.99 N), and chewiness (57.76 mJ). The improved textural properties can compensate for the chewability of PBMPs. Although the overall preference for improved hardness was not high compared to the control in the sensory test, these results provide a new direction for improving the textural properties of plant-based meat by using binders and forming fibrous structures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11213337
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 2
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    Rutaecarpine Increases Nitric Oxide Synthesis via eNOS Phosphorylation by TRPV1-Dependent CaMKII and CaMKKβ/AMPK Signaling Pathway in Human Endothelial Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 17 ( 2021-08-30), p. 9407-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 17 ( 2021-08-30), p. 9407-
    Abstract: Rutaecarpine (RUT) is a bioactive alkaloid isolated from the fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa that exerts a cellular protective effect. However, its protective effects on endothelial cells and its mechanism of action are still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of RUT on nitric oxide (NO) synthesis via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in endothelial cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. RUT treatment promoted NO generation by increasing eNOS phosphorylation. Additionally, RUT induced an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). Inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) attenuated RUT-induced intracellular Ca2+ concentration and phosphorylation of CaMKII, CaMKKβ, AMPK, and eNOS. Treatment with KN-62 (a CaMKII inhibitor), Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor), and STO-609 (a CaMKKβ inhibitor) suppressed RUT-induced eNOS phosphorylation and NO generation. Interestingly, RUT attenuated the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 induced by TNF-α and inhibited the inflammation-related NF-κB signaling pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that RUT promotes NO synthesis and eNOS phosphorylation via the Ca2+/CaMKII and CaM/CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling pathways through TRPV1. These findings provide evidence that RUT prevents endothelial dysfunction and benefit cardiovascular health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179407
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Immune-Enhancing Effect of Submerged Culture of Ceriporia lacerata Mycelia on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice and the Underlying Mechanisms in Macrophages
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2022-01-06), p. 597-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2022-01-06), p. 597-
    Abstract: The white-rot fungi Ceriporia lacerata is used in bioremediation, such as lignocellulose degradation, in nature. Submerged cultures and extracts of C. lacerata mycelia (CLM) have been reported to contain various active ingredients, including β-glucan and extracellular polysaccharides, and to exert anti-diabetogenic properties in mice and cell lines. However, the immunostimulatory effects have not yet been reported. This study aimed to identify the immunomodulatory effects, and underlying mechanisms thereof, of submerged cultures of CLM using RAW264.7 macrophages and cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression in mice. Compared to CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, the spleen and thymus indexes in mice orally administered CLM were significantly increased; body weight loss was alleviated; and natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interferon [IFN] -γ, and interleukin [IL]-2) production were elevated in the serum. In RAW264.7 macrophages, treatment with CLM induced phagocytic activity, increased the production of nitric oxide (NO), and promoted mRNA expression of the immunomodulatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12. In addition, CLM increased the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) concentration in macrophages, similar to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Mechanistic studies showed that CLM induced the activation of the NF-κB, PI3k/Akt, ERK1/2, and JNK1/2 pathways. Moreover, the phosphorylation of NF-κB and IκB induced by CLM in RAW264.7 cells was suppressed by specific MAPKs and PI3K inhibitors. Further experiments with a TLR4 inhibitor demonstrated that the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 induced by CLM was decreased after TLR4 was blocked. Overall, CLM protected against CTX-induced adverse reactions by enhancing humoral and cellular immune functions, and has potential as an immunomodulatory agent.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020597
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    The Effect of Fermented Grains (koji) on Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Chicken Breasts
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Foods Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2023-09-17), p. 3463-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 18 ( 2023-09-17), p. 3463-
    Abstract: This study investigated the tenderizing and flavor-enhancing effects of koji, a fermented grain cultured with a single microorganism, on chicken breasts during curing. Chicken breasts were cured with different ingredients, including 4% (w/w) curing agent (GC), 5% (w/w) Aspergillus oryzae with rice (FR), A. oryzae with soybean (FS), and Bacillus subtilis with soybean (BS) for 4 h at 4 °C prior to cooking. After the superheated steam procedure, all samples were cooked in a convection oven, and their physicochemical properties were analyzed. Koji-treated samples exhibited significantly higher expressible moisture due to the degradation of the protein matrix (p 〈 0.05). Texture profile analysis showed that the tenderness of koji-treated samples was significantly higher than that of GC (p 〈 0.05). Furthermore, koji-treated samples were regarded as tenderer, and they were preferred over GC (p 〈 0.05) in the sensory evaluation. Principal attributes analysis revealed that the overall preference for koji-treated samples was highly correlated with umami, juiciness, and tenderness (p 〈 0.05). Overall, this study provides insights into applying koji as a potential curing treatment to improve the eating quality of chicken breasts. Koji can be used as a novel technology in the food industry to improve taste and tenderness simultaneously.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods12183463
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association of Cardiovascular Mortality with Concurrent Coronary Artery Calcification and Physical Activity: A Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Medicina Vol. 59, No. 3 ( 2023-03-07), p. 522-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 59, No. 3 ( 2023-03-07), p. 522-
    Abstract: Background: Increased coronary artery calcification (CAC) has been reported in individuals with high levels of physical activity (PA). However, the association between increased CAC in a physically active population and cardiovascular mortality has not yet been well-established. This study aimed to investigate the association between PA levels and the presence or absence of CAC and cardiovascular mortality. Methods: A cohort study was conducted from 1 January 2011 to 30 December 2019. Mortality data were updated until 30 December 2020. The study population comprised 56,469 individuals who had completed the International Physical Activity Short Form Questionnaire and had undergone CAC score evaluation using a CT scan. We divided the participants into four groups: physically inactive individuals without CAC, physically inactive individuals with CAC, moderately active and health-enhancing physically active (HEPA) individuals without CAC, and moderately active and HEPA individuals with CAC. The primary outcome was cardiovascular mortality. The Cox proportional hazard model with confounding factor adjustment was conducted. Inverse probability of treatment weighting-based marginal-structural modelling was conducted. Results: The median follow-up duration was 6.60 years. The mean (SD) age of the study participants was 41.67 (±10.91) years, with 76.78% (n = 43,359) men. Compared with individuals without CAC, individuals with CAC demonstrated higher cardiovascular disease mortality regardless of PA level (Inactive and CAC 〉 0, HR 2.81, 95% CI: 1.76–19.19; moderately active and HEPA HR 3.27, 95% CI: 1.14–9.38). Conclusions: The presence of CAC might be associated with cardiovascular mortality regardless of PA level.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030522
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Association of Glycosylated Hemoglobin Level and Cancer-Related Mortality in Patients without Diabetes
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-10-08), p. 5933-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 19 ( 2022-10-08), p. 5933-
    Abstract: Background: Previous studies have reported that abnormal glucose metabolism is associated with poor cancer outcomes. Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is an important indicator of glucose metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nondiabetic HbA1c levels and cancer-related mortality. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of Koreans who attended an annual or biennial health checkup program. The study group was categorized based on the quintile of HbA1c level (Q1, 3.0–5.1%; Q2, 5.2–5.3%; Q3, 5.4%; Q4, 5.5–5.6%, Q5, 5.7–6.4%). Cancer-related mortality was determined using the mortality data from the Korea National Statistical Office. Participants with an established diagnosis of diabetes or cancer were excluded. Cancer-related mortality was assessed depending on each HbA1c level with adjustment for factors that could influence mortality. Results: A total of 589,457 participants were included in this study. During a median follow-up duration of 6.99 years, 1712 cancer-related deaths were reported. The risk of cancer-related mortality was significantly higher in the Q5 group (hazard ratio (HR) 1.23, range 1.02–1.47 in model 1; HR 1.25, range 1.04–1.50 in model 2). HbA1c levels were linearly associated with cancer-related deaths (Ptrend = 0.021 in model 1; 0.013 in model 2). HbA1c level and colorectal, stomach, and lung cancer mortality exhibited a positive relationship, whereas liver cancer-related mortality showed an inverse relationship with HbA1c level (Ptrend = 0.001). Conclusions: Our study showed that abnormal glucose metabolism is significantly associated with cancer-related mortality, and its relationship varies with each type of cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195933
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Fatty Liver Is Associated with Low N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in a Healthy Population
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-04-01), p. 1402-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-04-01), p. 1402-
    Abstract: Fatty liver (FL), insulin resistance (IR) and obesity often coexist, but data on the independent impacts of these factors on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels are scarce. We examined the impact of FL, IR and obesity on NT-proBNP levels using a large set of cross-sectional data. The associations of FL, IR and obesity with NT-proBNP were analyzed in 39,923 healthy adult participants. IR was estimated using a homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. A multivariable regression model was conducted to identify associations between NT-proBNP and FL on abdominal ultrasound. FL, IR and obesity showed independent inverse associations with NT-proBNP after multiple adjustments for baseline characteristics. In a multivariable regression model adjusting for IR and obesity, FL was independently associated with lower levels of NT-proBNP (estimates, Exp(β) 0.864, 0.849–0.880). The combination of FL and IR was a powerful dual indicator, lowering NT-proBNP levels approximately 25% in the generally healthy study population. In conclusion, FL was independently associated with lower NT-proBNP levels. FL and a high HOMA-IR index are a powerful indicator combination for lower NT-proBNP levels. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the association between FL and NT-proBNP.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071402
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Association of Pulmonary Function with Osteosarcopenic Obesity in Older Adults Aged over 50 Years
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-06-28), p. 2933-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 13 ( 2023-06-28), p. 2933-
    Abstract: Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) is a newly described coexistence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity. We examined the association between pulmonary function, OSO, and its composition in adults aged ≥ 50 years. A total of 26,343 participants (8640 men; 17,703 women) were classified into four groups based on the number of abnormal body compositions (osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity): 0 (control), 1+, 2+, and 3+ (OSO) abnormal body compositions. The values of forced volume vital capacity (FVC)%, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%), and FEV1/FVC% were significantly decreased by increasing the number of adverse body compositions (p 〈 0.0001). Although the prevalence of restrictive spirometry pattern (RSP) was positively associated with a higher number of abnormal body composition parameters (p 〈 0.001), obstructive spirometry pattern (OSP) had no association with adverse body composition. In multivariate analyses, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for RSP compared to the control group were 1.36 in 1+, 1.47 in 2+, and 1.64 in 3+ abnormal body compositions (p for trend 〈 0.001). Multiple abnormal body composition, especially osteosarcopenic obesity, was independently associated with poor lung function showing RSP in older adults over 50 years. The coexistence of these abnormal body compositions may be a predisposing factor for pulmonary function deterioration.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15132933
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 9
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    The Association of Carbohydrate Antigen (CA) 19-9 Levels and Low Skeletal Muscle Mass in Healthy Adults
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2023-07-30), p. 3394-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 15 ( 2023-07-30), p. 3394-
    Abstract: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a commonly used tumor marker for pancreatic cancer. However, CA 19-9 can be overexpressed in several benign inflammatory diseases. We investigated the relationship between high CA 19-9 level and low muscle mass (LMM) in healthy adults without cancer. Participants who underwent evaluation of muscle mass and CA 19-9 were included. Exclusion criteria were any malignancy, cardiovascular disease, tuberculosis, and chronic lung/liver disease. Participants were classified into “normal”, “mild LMM”, and “severe LMM” groups based on the skeletal muscle mass index. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association of high CA 19-9 with muscle mass status. A total of 263,061 adults were included. The mean age and SMI were 41.03 years and 7.13 kg/m2. After adjustments for various confounders, high CA 19-9 was independently associated with mild LMM (adjusted odds ratio, 1.677 [95% confidence interval, 1.533–1.834]) and severe LMM (2.651 [2.126–3.306] ) compared to the normal group. Furthermore, the association between high CA 19-9 and severe LMM was stronger in men than in women. Elevated CA 19-9 levels were independently associated with a higher prevalence of LMM in healthy adults without cancer. Therefore, increased CA 19-9 could be utilized as a novel biomarker for sarcopenia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15153394
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 10
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    Novel Genetic Associations for Skin Aging Phenotypes and Validation of Previously Reported Skin GWAS Results
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2022-11-10), p. 11422-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 22 ( 2022-11-10), p. 11422-
    Abstract: Facial skin characteristics are complex traits determined by genetic and environmental factors. Because genetic factors continuously influenced facial skin characteristics, identifying associations between genetic variants [single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] and facial skin characteristics may clarify genetic contributions. We previously reported a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for five skin phenotypes (wrinkles, pigmentation, moisture content, oil content, and sensitivity) conducted in 1079 subjects. In this study, face measurements and genomic data were generated for 261 samples, and significant SNPs described in previous papers were verified. We conducted a GWAS to identify additional genetic markers using the combined population of the previous study and current study samples. We identified 6 novel significant loci and 21 suggestive loci in the combined study with p-values 〈 5.0 × 10−8 (wrinkles: 4 SNPs; moisture content: 148 SNPs; pigmentation: 6 SNPs; sensitivity: 18 SNPs). Identifying SNPs using molecular genetic functional analysis is considered necessary for studying the mechanisms through which these genes affect the skin. We confirmed that of 23 previously identified SNPs, none were replicated. SNPs that could not be verified in a combined study may have been accidentally identified in an existing GWAS, or the samples added to this study may not have been a sufficient sample number to confirm those SNPs. The results of this study require validation in other independent population groups or larger samples. Although this study requires further research, it has the potential to contribute to the development of cosmetic-related genetic research in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app122211422
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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