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  • 1
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    Antrodin C Isolated from Antrodia Cinnamomea Induced Apoptosis through ROS/AKT/ERK/P38 Signaling Pathway and Epigenetic Histone Acetylation of TNFα in Colorectal Cancer Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-03-21), p. 764-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-03-21), p. 764-
    Abstract: Background: Antrodin C, a maleimide derivative compound isolated from the ethanol extract of the mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea, is an endemic fungus of Taiwan and a potential chemoprotective agent. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the mode of action of antrodin C on cancer cells, especially in human colorectal cancer (CRC), remain unclear. Methods: The cell death and ROS of the antrodin-C-treated HCT-116 cells were measured by annexin V–FITC/propidium iodide staining, DCFDA, and Fluo-3 fluorescence staining assays. Moreover, signaling molecules regulating TNFα cell death pathways and ROS/AKT/ERK/P38 pathways were also detected in cells treated with antrodin C by Western blotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The effects of antrodin C were determined in HCT-116 cell xenograft animal models in terms of tumor volumes and histopathological evaluation. Results: Treatment with antrodin C triggered the activation of extrinsic apoptosis pathways (TNFα, Bax, caspase-3, and -9), and also suppressed the expression of anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-2 in HCT-116 cells in a time-dependent manner. Antrodin C also decreased cell proliferation and growth through the inactivation of cyclin D1/cyclin for the arrest of the cell cycle at the G1 phase. The activation of the ROS/AKT/ERK/P38 pathways was involved in antrodin-C-induced transcriptional activation, which implicates the role of the histone H3K9K14ac (Acetyl Lys9/Lys14) of the TNFα promoters. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that antrodin C treatment significantly induced TNFα levels, whereas it decreased the levels of PCNA, cyclin D1, cyclin E, and MMP-9 in an in vivo xenograft mouse model. Thus, antrodin C induces cell apoptosis via the activation of the ROS/AKT/ERK/P38 signaling modules, indicating a new mechanism for antrodin C to treat CRC in vitro and in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030764
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
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    The Anti-Inflammatory and Vasodilating Effects of Three Selected Dietary Organic Sulfur Compounds from Allium Species
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Functional Biomaterials Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2017-01-26), p. 5-
    Details
    In: Journal of Functional Biomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2017-01-26), p. 5-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4983
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jfb8010005
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2648525-4
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  • 3
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    Downregulation of the DNA Repair Gene DDB2 by Arecoline Is through p53’s DNA-Binding Domain and Is Correlated with Poor Outcome of Head and Neck Cancer Patients with Betel Quid Consumption
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2020-07-25), p. 2053-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2020-07-25), p. 2053-
    Abstract: Arecoline is the principal alkaloid in the areca nut, a component of betel quids (BQs), which are carcinogenic to humans. Epidemiological studies indicate that BQ-chewing contributes to the occurrence of head and neck cancer (HNC). Previously, we have reported that arecoline (0.3 mM) is able to inhibit DNA repair in a p53-dependent pathway, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we demonstrated that arecoline suppressed the expression of DDB2, which is transcriptionally regulated by p53 and is required for nucleotide excision repair (NER). Ectopic expression of DDB2 restored NER activity in arecoline-treated cells, suggesting that DDB2 downregulation was critical for arecoline-mediated NER inhibition. Mechanistically, arecoline inhibited p53-induced DDB2 promoter activity through the DNA-binding but not the transactivation domain of p53. Both NER and DDB2 promoter activities declined in the chronic arecoline-exposed cells, which were consistent with the downregulated DDB2 mRNA in BQ-associated HNC specimens, but not in those of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort (no BQ exposure). Lower DDB2 mRNA expression was correlated with a poor outcome in HNC patients. These data uncover one of mechanisms underlying arecoline-mediated carcinogenicity through inhibiting p53-regulated DDB2 expression and DNA repair.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082053
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 4
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    Humoral Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of the Standard ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination in Taiwan
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2022-02-17), p. 312-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2022-02-17), p. 312-
    Abstract: Background: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has been widely administered against SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, data regarding its immunogenicity, reactogenicity, and potential differences in responses among Asian populations remain scarce. Methods: 270 participants without prior COVID-19 were enrolled to receive ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination with a prime–boost interval of 8–9 weeks. Their specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, neutralizing antibody titers (NT50), platelet counts, and D-dimer levels were analyzed before and after vaccination. Results: The seroconversion rates of anti-RBD and anti-spike IgG at day 28 after a boost vaccination (BD28) were 100% and 95.19%, respectively. Anti-RBD and anti-spike IgG levels were highly correlated (r = 0.7891), which were 172.9 ± 170.4 and 179.3 ± 76.88 BAU/mL at BD28, respectively. The geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of NT50 for all participants increased to 132.9 IU/mL (95% CI 120.0–147.1) at BD28 and were highly correlated with anti-RBD and anti-spike IgG levels (r = 0.8248 and 0.7474, respectively). Body weight index was statistically significantly associated with anti-RBD IgG levels (p = 0.035), while female recipients had higher anti-spike IgG levels (p = 0.038). The GMCs of NT50 declined with age (p = 0.0163) and were significantly different across age groups (159.7 IU/mL for 20–29 years, 99.4 IU/mL for ≥50 years, p = 0.0026). Injection-site pain, fever, and fatigue were the major reactogenicity, which were more pronounced after prime vaccination and in younger participants ( 〈 50 years). Platelet counts decreased and D-dimer levels increased after vaccination but were not clinically relevant. No serious adverse events or deaths were observed. Conclusion: The vaccine is well-tolerated and elicited robust humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after standard prime–boost vaccination in Taiwanese recipients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020312
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 5
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    SET Overexpression is Associated with Worse Recurrence-Free Survival in Patients with Primary Breast Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Tamoxifen Treatment
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2018-08-28), p. 245-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2018-08-28), p. 245-
    Abstract: Adjuvant tamoxifen reduces the recurrence rate of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Previous in vitro studies have suggested that tamoxifen can affect the cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A)/protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)/phosphorylation Akt (pAkt) signaling in ER-negative breast cancer cells. In addition to CIP2A, SET nuclear proto-oncogene (SET) oncoprotein is another intrinsic inhibitor of PP2A, participating in cancer progression. In the current study, we explored the clinical significance of SET, CIP2A, PP2A, and Akt in patients with ER-positive breast cancer receiving adjuvant tamoxifen. A total of 218 primary breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant tamoxifen with a median follow-up of 106 months were analyzed, of which 17 (7.8%) experienced recurrence or metastasis. In an immunohistochemical (IHC) stain, SET overexpression was independently associated with worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) (hazard ratio = 3.72, 95% confidence interval 1.26–10.94, p = 0.017). In silico analysis revealed mRNA expressions of SET, PPP2CA, and AKT1 significantly correlated with worse RFS. In vitro, SET overexpression reduced tamoxifen-induced antitumor effects and drove luciferase activity in an Estrogen receptor element (ERE)-dependent manner. In conclusion, SET is a prognostic biomarker in patients with primary ER-positive breast cancer receiving adjuvant tamoxifen and may contribute to the failure of the tamoxifen treatment by modulating the ER signaling. Our study warrants further investigation into the potential role of SET in ER-positive breast cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm7090245
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 6
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    Prognostic Relevance of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Polymorphisms for Prostate Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2016-11-29), p. 1996-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2016-11-29), p. 1996-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121996
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    The Interaction of miR-378i-Skp2 Regulates Cell Senescence in Diabetic Nephropathy
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2018-11-22), p. 468-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 12 ( 2018-11-22), p. 468-
    Abstract: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major cause of end stage renal disease. Proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC) injury occurs early in diabetic kidney, and it is correlated with consequent renal failure. Cellular senescence participates in the pathophysiology of DN, but its role remains unclear. We conducted a cross-disciplinary study, including human, in vivo, and in vitro studies, to explore the novel molecular mechanisms of PTEC senescence in DN. We found that HG induced cell senescence in PTECs, supported by enhanced β-galactosidase staining, p53 and p27 expression, and reduced cyclin E levels. Transcriptome analysis of PTECs from a type 2 diabetic patient and a normal individual using next generation sequencing (NGS) and systematic bioinformatics analyses indicated that miR-378i and its downstream target S-phase kinase protein 2 (Skp2) contribute to HG-induced senescence in PTECs. High glucose (HG) elevated miR-378i expression in PTECs, and miR-378i transfection reduced Skp2 expression. Urinary miR-378i levels were elevated in both db/db mice and type 2 diabetic patients, whereas decreased Skp2 levels were shown in proximal tubule of db/db mice and human DN. Moreover, urinary miR-378i levels were positively correlated with urinary senescence-associated secretory phenotype cytokines and renal function in in vivo and human study. This study demonstrates that the interaction between miR-378i and Skp2 regulates PTEC senescence of DN. miR-378i has the potential to predict renal injury in DN. These findings suggest future applications in both therapy and in predicting renal dysfunction of DN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120468
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 8
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    Improved Color Purity of Monolithic Full Color Micro-LEDs Using Distributed Bragg Reflector and Blue Light Absorption Material
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Coatings Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2020-04-29), p. 436-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2020-04-29), p. 436-
    Abstract: In this study, CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) with various dimensions were used as the color conversion materials. QDs with dimensions of 3 nm and 5 nm were excited by gallium nitride (GaN)-based blue micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) with a size of 30 μm × 30 μm to respectively form the green and red lights. The hybrid Bragg reflector (HBR) with high reflectivity at the regions of the blue, green, and red lights was fabricated on the bottom side of the micro-LEDs to reflect the downward light. This could enhance the intensity of the green and red lights for the green and red QDs/micro-LEDs to 11% and 10%. The distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) was fabricated on the QDs color conversion layers to reflect the non-absorbed blue light that was not absorbed by the QDs, which could increase the probability of the QDs excited by the reflected blue light. The blue light absorption material was deposited on the DBR to absorb the blue light that escaped from the DBR, which could enhance the color purity of the resulting green and red QDs/micro-LEDs to 90.9% and 90.3%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings10050436
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 9
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    Melanogenesis Inhibitors from the Rhizoma of Ligusticum Sinense in B16-F10 Melanoma Cells In Vitro and Zebrafish In Vivo
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2018-12-11), p. 3994-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 12 ( 2018-12-11), p. 3994-
    Abstract: The rhizoma of Ligusticum sinense, a Chinese medicinal plant, has long been used as a cosmetic for the whitening and hydrating of the skin in ancient China. In order to investigate the antimelanogenic components of the rhizoma of L. sinense, we performed an antimelanogenesis assay-guided purification using semi-preparative HPLC accompanied with spectroscopic analysis to determine the active components. Based on the bioassay-guided method, 24 compounds were isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate layer of methanolic extracts of L. sinense, and among these, 5-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)allyl]ferulic acid (1) and cis-4-pentylcyclohex-3-ene-1,2-diol (2) were new compounds. All the pure isolates were subjected to antimelanogenesis assay using murine melanoma B16-F10 cells. Compound 1 and (3S,3aR)-neocnidilide (8) exhibited antimelanogenesis activities with IC50 values of 78.9 and 31.1 μM, respectively, without obvious cytotoxicity. Further investigation showed that compound 8 demonstrated significant anti-pigmentation activity on zebrafish embryos (10‒20 μM) compared to arbutin (20 μM), and without any cytotoxicity against normal human epidermal keratinocytes. These findings suggest that (3S,3aR)-neocnidilide (8) is a potent antimelanogenic and non-cytotoxic natural compound and may be developed potentially as a skin-whitening agent for cosmetic uses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123994
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
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    Physicochemical Quality Retention during Cold Storage of Prepackaged Barramundi Meat Processed with a New Microwave-Assisted Induction Heating Technology
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Foods Vol. 12, No. 16 ( 2023-08-21), p. 3140-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 16 ( 2023-08-21), p. 3140-
    Abstract: Microwave-assisted induction heating (MAIH) is a composite microwave and induction heating to supply rapid and uniform heating of food. A recent study showed that the optimum MAIH heating condition for barramundi meat was 90 °C/110 s or 70 °C/130 s. This study examines whether the microwave-assisted induction heating (MAIH) technology (at 70 °C for 130 s or 90 °C for 110 s) can more effectively slow down the quality loss of barramundi meat during cold storage than the traditional boiling method (at 90 °C for 150 s). The results show that no microbial growth was observed in the three groups of heated barramundi meat samples during the 60 days of cold storage. However, the MAIH technology slowed down the increase in the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) content more significantly than the boiling method. As the cold storage time increased, though, the L* (lightness), a* (redness), and W (whiteness) values decreased, while the b* (yellowness) and color difference (ΔE) values increased in the three treatment groups. However, the MAIH technology slowed down the decrease in the L*, a*, and W values more significantly, and produced a ΔE value smaller than the boiling method. Moreover, the MAIH technology ensured higher hardness and chewiness of the barramundi meat than the boiling method. Overall, the MAIH technology slowed down the quality loss of the barramundi meat and maintained better color and texture during cold storage.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods12163140
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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