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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of the Duration of Postoperative Antibiotics on the Prognosis of Patients with Infective Endocarditis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-01-15), p. 173-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-01-15), p. 173-
    Abstract: Appropriate postoperative antibiotic treatment in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) reduces the risks of recurrence and mortality. However, concerns about adverse drug reactions arise due to prolonged antibiotic usage. Therefore, we compared the recurrence and mortality rates according to the duration of postoperative antibiotic therapy in patients with IE. From 2005 to 2017, we retrospectively reviewed 416 patients with IE treated at a tertiary hospital in South Korea; among these, 216 patients who underwent heart valve surgery and received appropriate antibiotics were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups based on the duration of usage of postoperative antibiotic therapy; the duration of postoperative antibiotic therapy was more than two weeks in 156 patients (72.2%) and two weeks or less in 60 patients (27.8%). The primary endpoint was IE relapse. The secondary endpoints were 1-year IE recurrence, 1-year mortality, and postoperative complication rates. The median age was 53 (interquartile range: 38–62) years. The relapse rate of IE was 0.9% (2/216). There was no statistical difference in relapse (0.0% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.379), 1-year recurrence (1.7% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.829), or 1-year mortality (10.0% vs. 5.8%, p = 0.274) between patients with postoperative antibiotic administration of two weeks or less versus more than two weeks. The duration of postoperative antibiotic therapy did not affect the 1-year mortality rate (log-rank test, p = 0.393). In conclusion, there was no statistically significant difference in recurrence, mortality, or postoperative complications according to the duration of postoperative antibiotic therapy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010173
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparing Treatment Outcomes of Ampicillin-Sulbactam, Other β-Lactams, and Vancomycin in Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2021-12-01), p. 1476-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2021-12-01), p. 1476-
    Abstract: Selection of proper antibiotics for blood culture-negative infective endocarditis (BCNIE) is difficult due to limited data on antibiotic regimens for BCNIE in existing literature. The aim of this study was to compare ampicillin-sulbactam, other β-lactams antibiotics, and vancomycin among patients with BCNIE to determine the proper antibiotic regimens. This retrospective study included adult patients with BCNIE admitted to Severance Hospital from November 2005 to August 2017. Patients were classified into three groups as, treated with ampicillin-sulbactam, other β-lactams, and vancomycin. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality. A total of 74 cases with BCNIE were enrolled in this study. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical characteristics between the three groups. One-year mortality did not significantly differ between the study groups either. Further, in-hospital mortality, 28-day mortality and overall mortality showed no difference. However, Cox-regression analysis showed nosocomial infective endocarditis as an independent risk factor and a protective effect of surgery on 1-year mortality. This study showed no clear difference in the outcomes of BCNIE as per the antibiotic therapy but suggested the beneficial effect of surgical treatment. With increasing global concern of antimicrobial resistance, it might be reasonable to select ampicillin-sulbactam-based antibiotic therapy while actively considering surgical treatment in BCNIE.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121476
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of O6-Aminoalkyl-Hispidol Analogs as Multifunctional Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors towards Management of Neurodegenerative Diseases
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-04-29), p. 1033-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-04-29), p. 1033-
    Abstract: Oxidative catabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters by monoamine oxidases (MAOs) produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributes to neuronal cells’ death and also lowers monoamine neurotransmitter levels. In addition, acetylcholinesterase activity and neuroinflammation are involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we aim to achieve a multifunctional agent that inhibits the oxidative catabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters and, hence, the detrimental production of ROS while enhancing neurotransmitter levels. Such a multifunctional agent might also inhibit acetylcholinesterase and neuroinflammation. To meet this end goal, a series of aminoalkyl derivatives of analogs of the natural product hispidol were designed, synthesized, and evaluated against both monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B). Promising MAO inhibitors were further checked for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and neuroinflammation. Among them, compounds 3aa and 3bc were identified as potential multifunctional molecules eliciting submicromolar selective MAO-B inhibition, low-micromolar AChE inhibition, and the inhibition of microglial PGE2 production. An evaluation of their effects on memory and cognitive impairments using a passive avoidance test confirmed the in vivo activity of compound 3bc, which showed comparable activity to donepezil. In silico molecular docking provided insights into the MAO and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of compounds 3aa and 3bc. These findings suggest compound 3bc as a potential lead for the further development of agents against neurodegenerative diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051033
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Immunogenicity Differences of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine According to Pre-Existing Adenovirus Immunity
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-04-01), p. 784-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2023-04-01), p. 784-
    Abstract: This study investigated the immunogenicity of, and reactogenicity to, the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine according to pre-existing adenovirus immunity. Individuals scheduled for COVID-19 vaccination were prospectively enrolled in a tertiary hospital with 2400 beds from March 2020 onwards. Pre-existing adenovirus immunity data was obtained before ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. A total of 68 adult patients administered two doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine were enrolled. Pre-existing adenovirus immunity was identified in 49 patients (72.1%), but not in the remaining 19 patients (27.9%). The geometric mean titer of S-specific IgG antibodies was statistically higher in individuals without pre-existing adenovirus immunity at several time points: before the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (56.4 (36.6–125.0) vs. 51.0 (17.9–122.3), p = 0.024), 2–3 weeks after the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (629.5 (451.5–926.5) vs. 555.0 (287.3–926.0), p = 0.049), and 3 months after the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (274.5 (160.5–655.3) vs. 176.0 (94.3–255.3), p = 0.033). In the absence of pre-existing adenovirus immunity, systemic events were observed with higher frequency, especially chills (73.7% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.002). In conclusion, individuals without pre-existing adenovirus immunity showed a higher immune response to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination and a higher frequency of reactogenicity to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination was observed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040784
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703319-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diagnostic Models for Screening of Periodontitis with Inflammatory Mediators and Microbial Profiles in Saliva
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-10-14), p. 820-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2020-10-14), p. 820-
    Abstract: This study aims to investigate and assess salivary biomarkers and microbial profiles as a means of diagnosing periodontitis. A total of 121 subjects were included: 28 periodontally healthy subjects, 24 with Stage I periodontitis, 24 with Stage II, 23 with Stage III, and 22 with Stage IV. Salivary proteins (including active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), pro-MMP-8, total MMP-8, C-reactive protein, secretory immunoglobulin A) and planktonic bacteria (including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas nigrescens, Parvimonas micra, Campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, Eikenella corrodens, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Actinomyces viscosus) were measured from salivary samples. The performance of the diagnostic models was assessed by receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) analysis. The diagnostic models were constructed based on the subjects’ proteins and/or microbial profiles, resulting in two potential diagnosis models that achieved better diagnostic powers, with an AUC value 〉 0.750 for the diagnosis of Stages II, III, and IV periodontitis (Model PA-I; AUC: 0.796, sensitivity: 0.754, specificity: 0.712) and for the diagnosis of Stages III and IV periodontitis (Model PA-II; AUC: 0.796, sensitivity: 0.756, specificity: 0.868). This study can contribute to screening for periodontitis based on salivary biomarkers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100820
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Low Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Level Is Associated with Poor Immunologic Response among People Living with HIV/AIDS
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2022-10-14), p. 6077-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 20 ( 2022-10-14), p. 6077-
    Abstract: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is an adrenal steroid converted to potent androgens. This study aimed to discover the association between serum DHEA levels and immunologic response in people with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We enrolled patients aged ≥ 18 years who were treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We measured CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts, HIV-RNA titres, and serum DHEA levels. We assigned each patient to a good- or poor-responder group depending on their CD4+ T-cell counts at study enrolment. Participants with CD4+ T-cell counts 〉 200/µL were assigned to the good-responder group, whilst those with CD4+ T-cell counts 〈 200/µL were assigned to the poor-responder group. The participants were followed up for 2 years. The poor-responder group showed lower CD4+ T-cell counts and higher HIV PCR titres at their initial HIV diagnosis and in their 2-year follow-up data. Serum DHEA level was lower in the poor-responder group. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that BMI, initial CD4+ T-cell counts, and serum DHEA level were clinical factors associated with poor immunologic responsiveness to cART in PLWHA. Therefore, DHEA may be used as an indicator of the immunological recovery of PLWHA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206077
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics, Location, and Clinical Outcomes of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Taking New Oral Anticoagulants Compared to Vitamin K Antagonists
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2021-06-18), p. 2693-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 12 ( 2021-06-18), p. 2693-
    Abstract: New oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are commonly used in clinical practice as alternatives to vitamin K antagonists (VKA). However, the etiology, clinical course, and risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and location of acute GI bleeding associated with NOACs and its severity and outcomes compared to VKA. This retrospective multicenter study included 381 subjects on anticoagulants who underwent appropriate diagnostic examination due to GI bleeding. Regarding the characteristics of acute GI bleeding, the proportion of vascular lesions was significantly lower in the NOACs group than that in the VKA group. Small bowel bleeding occurred less commonly in the NOACs group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Regarding severity and clinical outcomes, patients on NOACs received significantly smaller volumes of transfused blood products and had shorter ICU stays than those on VKA. Moreover, the need for surgery and the risk of rebleeding in the NOACs group were significantly lower than those in the VKA group. Patients on NOACs have better clinical outcomes in terms of severity of acute GI bleeding or rebleeding than patients on VKA. Patients on NOACs demonstrate different characteristics and location of acute GI bleeding than those on VKA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122693
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Real-World Effectiveness, Tolerability, and Safety of Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Korea
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Viruses Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-11-18), p. 2558-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 11 ( 2022-11-18), p. 2558-
    Abstract: Most studies on the real-world effectiveness and safety of dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) have been conducted in Western countries, and Asian reports are lacking. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of DTG/3TC in Korean adult people living with HIV (PLWH). This retrospective study was conducted from July 2020 to July 2022 at a tertiary hospital in Korea. Those who were followed up for more than 12 months were included. We analyzed the baseline characteristics, effectiveness, resistant profiles, body weights, metabolic parameters, and safety of DTG/3TC treatment in 151 PLWH, dividing them into the treatment-naïve group and the switching group. The median DTG/3TC treatment durations in the treatment-naïve and switching groups were 507.5 and 525.0 days. In the treatment-naïve group, the viral RNA titer was undetectable at 6 and 12 months in 95% of patients. In the switching group, virologic suppression was well-maintained. Meanwhile, the creatinine levels were slightly elevated in both groups compared to baseline. Five participants complained of mild side effects, such as indigestion, constipation, diarrhea, and fatigue. However, no patient stopped treatment during the follow-up period. Since there was no virological failure or serious complications observed in this study, DTG/3TC may be a good treatment option for PLWH in Korea.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v14112558
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    (−)-Epicatechin-Enriched Extract from Camellia sinensis Improves Regulation of Muscle Mass and Function: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-06-25), p. 1026-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2021-06-25), p. 1026-
    Abstract: Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with age represents an important source of frailty and functional decline in the elderly. Antioxidants from botanical extracts have been shown to enhance the development, mass, and strength of skeletal muscle by influencing age-related cellular and molecular processes. Tannase-treated green tea extract contains high levels of the antioxidants (−)-epicatechin (EC) and gallic acid that may have therapeutic benefits for age-related muscle decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tannase-treated green tea extract on various muscle-related parameters, without concomitant exercise, in a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Administration of tannase-treated green tea extract (600 mg/day) for 12 weeks significantly increased isokinetic flexor muscle and handgrip strength in the treatment group compared with those in the placebo (control) group. In addition, the control group showed a significant decrease in arm muscle mass after 12 weeks, whereas no significant change was observed in the treatment group. Blood serum levels of follistatin, myostatin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and cortisol were analyzed, and the decrease in myostatin resulting from the administration of tannase-treated green tea extract was found to be related to the change in muscle mass and strength. In summary, oral administration of tannase-treated green tea extract containing antioxidants without concomitant exercise can improve muscle mass and strength and may have therapeutic benefits in age-related muscle function decline.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071026
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    The Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7 (TRPM7) Inhibitors Suppress Seizure-Induced Neuron Death by Inhibiting Zinc Neurotoxicity
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 21 ( 2020-10-24), p. 7897-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 21 ( 2020-10-24), p. 7897-
    Abstract: Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is an ion channel that mediates monovalent cations out of cells, as well as the entry of divalent cations, such as zinc, magnesium, and calcium, into the cell. It has been reported that inhibitors of TRPM7 are neuroprotective in various neurological diseases. Previous studies in our lab suggested that seizure-induced neuronal death may be caused by the excessive release of vesicular zinc and the subsequent accumulation of zinc in the neurons. However, no studies have evaluated the effects of carvacrol and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), both inhibitors of TRPM7, on the accumulation of intracellular zinc in dying neurons following seizure. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of carvacrol and 2-APB against pilocarpine-induced seizure. Carvacrol (50 mg/kg) was injected once per day for 3 or 7 days after seizure. 2-APB (2 mg/kg) was also injected once per day for 3 days after seizure. We found that inhibitors of TRPM7 reduced seizure-induced TRPM7 overexpression, intracellular zinc accumulation, and reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, there was a suppression of oxidative stress, glial activation, and the blood–brain barrier breakdown. In addition, inhibitors of TRPM7 remarkably decreased apoptotic neuron death following seizure. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that TRPM7-mediated zinc translocation is involved in neuron death after seizure. The present study suggests that inhibitors of TRPM7 may have high therapeutic potential to reduce seizure-induced neuron death.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217897
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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