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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Microbiome of Unilateral Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Controlled Paired Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 18 ( 2021-09-19), p. 9878-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 18 ( 2021-09-19), p. 9878-
    Abstract: The sinonasal microbiota in human upper airway may play an important role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the human upper airway microbiome in patients with unilateral CRS, and compare the sinonasal microbiome of the unilateral diseased site with that of a contralateral healthy site. Thirty samples, 15 each from the diseased and healthy sites, were collected from the middle meatus and/or anterior ethmoid region of 15 patients with unilateral CRS during endoscopic sinus surgery. DNA extraction and bacterial microbiome analysis via 16S rRNA gene sequencing were then performed. Corynebacterium showed the highest relative abundance, followed by Staphylococcus in samples from both the diseased and healthy sites. Further, the relative abundances of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were significantly lower in samples from diseased sites than in those from healthy sites. Conversely, anaerobes, including Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Propionibacterium, were abundantly present in samples from both sites, more so in samples from diseased sites. However, the sites showed no significant difference with respect to richness or diversity (p 〉 0.05). Our results indicate that CRS might be a polymicrobial infection, and also suggest that Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus may exist as commensals on the sinus mucosal surface in the upper respiratory tract.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189878
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Physiological Functions of Thiol Peroxidases (Gpx1 and Prdx2) during Xenopus laevis Embryonic Development
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-17), p. 1636-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 10 ( 2021-10-17), p. 1636-
    Abstract: Glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) and peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2) belong to the thiol peroxidase family of antioxidants, and have been studied for their antioxidant functions and roles in cancers. However, the physiological significance of Gpx1 and Prdx2 during vertebrate embryogenesis are lacking. Currently, we investigated the functional roles of Gpx1 and Prdx2 during vertebrate embryogenesis using Xenopus laevis as a vertebrate model. Our investigations revealed the zygotic nature of gpx1 having its localization in the eye region of developing embryos, whereas prdx2 exhibited a maternal nature and were localized in embryonic ventral blood islands. Furthermore, the gpx1-morphants exhibited malformed eyes with incompletely detached lenses. However, the depletion of prdx2 has not established its involvement with embryogenesis. A molecular analysis of gpx1-depleted embryos revealed the perturbed expression of a cryba1-lens-specific marker and also exhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the eye regions of gpx1-morphants. Additionally, transcriptomics analysis of gpx1-knockout embryos demonstrated the involvement of Wnt, cadherin, and integrin signaling pathways in the development of malformed eyes. Conclusively, our findings indicate the association of gpx1 with a complex network of embryonic developmental pathways and ROS responses, but detailed investigation is a prerequisite in order to pinpoint the mechanistic details of these interactions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101636
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Anti-Cancer Effect of Neural Stem Cells Transfected with Carboxylesterase and sTRAIL Genes in Animals with Brain Lesions of Lung Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 2023-08-15), p. 1156-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 8 ( 2023-08-15), p. 1156-
    Abstract: A metastatic brain tumor is the most common type of malignancy in the central nervous system, which is one of the leading causes of death in patients with lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a novel treatment for metastatic brain tumors with lung cancer using neural stem cells (NSCs), which encode rabbit carboxylesterase (rCE) and the secretion form of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (sTRAIL). rCE and/or sTRAIL were transduced in immortalized human fetal NSCs, HB1.F3. The cytotoxic effects of the therapeutic cells on human lung cancer cells were evaluated in vitro with the ligands and decoy receptor expression for sTRAIL in the presence of CPT-11. Human NSCs encoding rCE (F3.CE and F3.CE.sTRAIL) significantly inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells in the presence of CPT-11 in vitro. Lung cancer cells were inoculated in immune-deficient mice, and therapeutic cells were transplanted systematically through intracardiac arterial injection and then treated with CPT-11. In resting state, DR4 expression in lung cancer cells and DcR1 in NSCs increased to 70% and 90% after CPT-11 addition, respectively. The volumes of the tumors in immune-deficient mice were reduced significantly in mice with F3.CE.sTRAIL transplantation and CPT-11 treatment. The survival was also significantly prolonged with treatment with F3.sTRAIL and F3.CE plus CPT-11 as well as F3.CE.sTRAIL plus CPT-11. NSCs transduced with rCE and sTRAIL genes showed a significant anti-cancer effect on brain metastatic lung cancer in vivo and in vitro, and the effect may be synergistic when rCE/CPT-11 and sTRAIL are combined. This stem-cell-based study using two therapeutic genes of different biological effects can be translatable to clinical application.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph16081156
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Development of Lateral Flow Assay Based on Size-Controlled Gold Nanoparticles for Detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Sensors Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2016-12-16), p. 2154-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 12 ( 2016-12-16), p. 2154-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s16122154
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Craniofacial Phenotype in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Its Impact on Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Adherence
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-27), p. 1196-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2023-07-27), p. 1196-
    Abstract: Positive airway pressure (PAP) is an important treatment tool for patients with moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and adherence to PAP significantly affects treatment outcomes. Disease severity, adverse effects, and psychosocial factors are known to predict medication adherence. Cephalometric parameters have been reported to positively correlate with upper airway collapse. However, research on the correlation between these cephalometric parameters and PAP adherence remains insufficient. This study aimed to identify this relationship. This study included 185 patients with OSA who were prescribed PAP. Polysomnography (PSG) was performed to diagnose OSA, and paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNS CT) was performed to check for comorbidities of the upper airway. In addition, cephalometric parameters such as the hyoid–posterior nasal spine (H-PNS), posterior nasal spine–mandibular plane (PNS-MP), and hyoid–mandibular plane (H-MP) were measured in the midsagittal and axial CT views. Adherence was evaluated 3–12 months after the PAP prescription. A total of 136 patients were PAP-adherent, and 49 were nonadherent. There were more males in the adherent group and a higher average height in the adherent group. The PSG results showed that the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), respiratory disturbance index (RDI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), arousal index (AI), rapid eye movement (REM) AHI, and supine AHI were significantly higher, and the lowest oxygen saturation was lower in the adherent group. In the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model adjusted for sex and height, among the cephalometric parameters, H-MP was significantly longer in the adherent group (p = 0.027), and H-PNS showed a longer tendency (p = 0.074). In the logistic regression analysis model, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of adherence and severe OSA in the third tertile compared to the first tertile of H-MP were 2.93 (1.25–6.86) and 4.00 (1.87–8.56). In the case of H-PNS, they were 2.58 (1.14–5.81) and 4.86 (2.24–10.54), respectively. This study concluded that an inferiorly placed hyoid bone in adult patients is associated with PAP adherence and disease severity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm13081196
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Autoantibodies against Protein Phosphatase Magnesium-Dependent 1A as a Biomarker for Predicting Radiographic Progression in Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Agents
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-12-07), p. 3968-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2020-12-07), p. 3968-
    Abstract: Background: Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have increased levels of protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1A (PPM1A) and autoantibodies. We evaluated the usefulness of serum anti-PPM1A antibodies as a biomarker for AS. Methods: Serum samples from 58 AS patients were obtained from a multicenter registry prior to the initiation of anti-TNF agents. The serum levels of anti-PPM1A antibodies were measured using ELISA. Spinal radiographic progression was defined as an increase in the modified stoke ankylosing spondylitis spinal score (mSASSS) by ≥2 units or a newly developed syndesmophyte. The role of exogenous PPM1A on bone mineralization was evaluated using primary osteoprogenitors acquired from patients with AS and non-inflammatory controls. Results: The baseline levels of anti-PPM1A antibodies and mSASSS were higher in the radiographic progression group than in the non-progression group. In logistic regression analysis, baseline mSASSS and serum anti-PPM1A antibodies were associated with a higher risk of progression. The level of anti-PPM1A antibodies for predicting progression had an AUC of 0.716 (cut-off value: 43.77 ng/mL). PPM1A stimulation increased matrix mineralization in AS-osteoprogenitors but not in controls. Conclusion: Along with mSASSS, the serum levels of anti-PPM1A antibodies might be useful as a predictor of radiographic progression after treatment with anti-TNF agents.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123968
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 7
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    Influence of Pd Doping on Electrical and Thermal Properties of n-Type Cu0.008Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 Alloys
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Materials Vol. 12, No. 24 ( 2019-12-06), p. 4080-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 24 ( 2019-12-06), p. 4080-
    Abstract: Doping is known as an effective way to modify both electrical and thermal transport properties of thermoelectric alloys to enhance their energy conversion efficiency. In this project, we report the effect of Pd doping on the electrical and thermal properties of n-type Cu0.008Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 alloys. Pd doping was found to increase the electrical conductivity along with the electron carrier concentration. As a result, the effective mass and power factors also increased upon the Pd doping. While the bipolar thermal conductivity was reduced with the Pd doping due to the increased carrier concentration, the contribution of Pd to point defect phonon scattering on the lattice thermal conductivity was found to be very small. Consequently, Pd doping resulted in an enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit, zT, at a high temperature, due to the enhanced power factor and the reduced bipolar thermal conductivity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma12244080
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Biallelic Deletion of Pxdn in Mice Leads to Anophthalmia and Severe Eye Malformation
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 20, No. 24 ( 2019-12-05), p. 6144-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 20, No. 24 ( 2019-12-05), p. 6144-
    Abstract: Peroxidasin (PXDN) is a unique peroxidase containing extracellular matrix motifs and stabilizes collagen IV networks by forming sulfilimine crosslinks. PXDN gene knockout in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and Drosophila results in the demise at the embryonic and larval stages. PXDN mutations lead to severe eye disorders, including microphthalmia, cataract, glaucoma, and anterior segment dysgenesis in humans and mice. To investigate how PXDN loss of function affects organ development, we generated Pxdn knockout mice by deletion of exon 1 and its 5′ upstream sequences of the Pxdn gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Loss of both PXDN expression and collagen IV sulfilimine cross-links was detected only in the homozygous mice, which showed completely or almost closed eyelids with small eyes, having no apparent external morphological defects in other organs. In histological analysis of eye tissues, the homozygous mice had extreme defects in eye development, including no eyeballs or drastically disorganized eye structures, whereas the heterozygous mice showed normal eye structure. Visual function tests also revealed no obvious functional abnormalities in the eyes between heterozygous mice and wild-type mice. Thus, these results suggest that PXDN activity is essential in eye development, and also indicate that a single allele of Pxdn gene is sufficient for eye-structure formation and normal visual function.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246144
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 9
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    Interactions of Nanoparticles with Macrophages and Feasibility of Drug Delivery for Asthma
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2022-01-30), p. 1622-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2022-01-30), p. 1622-
    Abstract: Understanding the interaction between nanoparticles and immune cells is essential for the evaluation of nanotoxicity and development of nanomedicines. However, to date, there is little data on the membrane microstructure and biochemical changes in nanoparticle-loaded immune cells. In this study, we observed the microstructure of nanoparticle-loaded macrophages and changes in lipid droplets using holotomography analysis. Quantitatively analyzing the refractive index distribution of nanoparticle-loaded macrophages, we identified the interactions between nanoparticles and macrophages. The results showed that, when nanoparticles were phagocytized by macrophages, the number of lipid droplets and cell volume increased. The volume and mass of the lipid droplets slightly increased, owing to the absorption of nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the number of lipid droplets increased more conspicuously than the other factors. Furthermore, alveolar macrophages are involved in the development and progression of asthma. Studies have shown that macrophages play an essential role in the maintenance of asthma-related inflammation and tissue damage, suggesting that macrophage cells may be applied to asthma target delivery strategies. Therefore, we investigated the target delivery efficiency of gold nanoparticle-loaded macrophages at the biodistribution level, using an ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse model. Normal and severe asthma models were selected to determine the difference in the level of inflammation in the lung. Consequently, macrophages had increased mobility in models of severe asthma, compared to those of normal asthma disease. In this regard, the detection of observable differences in nanoparticle-loaded macrophages may be of primary interest, as an essential endpoint analysis for investigating nanomedical applications and immunotheragnostic strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031622
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 10
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    L-carnosine Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Oxidative Stress via NFκB Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Fibrosis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-12-14), p. 2462-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2022-12-14), p. 2462-
    Abstract: Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a chronic interstitial lung disease, has pulmonary manifestations clinically characterized by collagen deposition, epithelial cell injury, and a decline in lung function. L-carnosine, a dipeptide consisting of β-alanine and L-histidine, has demonstrated a therapeutic effect on various diseases because of its pivotal function. Despite the effect of L-carnosine in experimental IPF mice, its anti-oxidative effect and associated intercellular pathway, particularly alveolar epithelial cells, remain unknown. Therefore, we demonstrated the anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of L-carnosine via Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation in bleomycin (BLM)-induced IPF mice. The mice were intratracheally injected with BLM (3 mg/kg) and L-carnosine (150 mg/kg) was orally administrated for 2 weeks. BLM exposure increased the protein level of Nox2, Nox4, p53, and Caspase-3, whereas L-carnosine treatment suppressed the protein level of Nox2, Nox4, p53, and Caspase-3 cleavage in mice. In addition, the total SOD activity and mRNA level of Sod2, catalase, and Nqo1 increased in mice treated with L-carnosine. At the cellular level, a human fibroblast (MRC-5) and mouse alveolar epithelial cell (MLE-12) were exposed to TGFβ1 following L-carnosine treatment to induce fibrogenesis. Moreover, MLE-12 cells were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Consequently, L-carnosine treatment ameliorated fibrogenesis in fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial cells, and inflammation induced by ROS and CSE exposure was ameliorated. These results were associated with the inhibition of the NFκB pathway. Collectively, our data indicate that L-carnosine induces anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects on alveolar epithelial cells against the pathogenesis of IPF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122462
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
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