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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeling of Flowering Time in Vigna radiata with Approximate Bayesian Computation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-16), p. 2317-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2021-11-16), p. 2317-
    Abstract: Flowering time is an important target for breeders in developing new varieties adapted to changing conditions. A new approach is proposed that uses Approximate Bayesian Computation with Differential Evolution to construct a pool of models for flowering time. The functions for daily progression of the plant from planting to flowering are obtained in analytic form and depend on daily values of climatic factors and genetic information. The resulting pool of models demonstrated high accuracy on the dataset. Day length, solar radiation and temperature had a large impact on the model accuracy, while the impact of precipitation was comparatively small and the impact of maximal temperature has the maximal variation. The model pool was used to investigate the behavior of accessions from the dataset in case of temperature increase by 0.05–6.00°. The time to flowering changed differently for different accessions. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the SNP value and the change in time to flowering revealed weak but significant association of SNP7 with behavior of the accessions in warming climate conditions. The same SNP was found to have a considerable influence on model prediction with a permutation test. Our approach can help breeding programs harness genotypic and phenotypic diversity to more effectively produce varieties with a desired flowering time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11112317
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modeling of Flowering Time in Vigna radiata with Artificial Image Objects, Convolutional Neural Network and Random Forest
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2022-12-01), p. 3327-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 23 ( 2022-12-01), p. 3327-
    Abstract: Flowering time is an important target for breeders in developing new varieties adapted to changing conditions. In this work, a new approach is proposed in which the SNP markers influencing time to flowering in mung bean are selected as important features in a random forest model. The genotypic and weather data are encoded in artificial image objects, and a model for flowering time prediction is constructed as a convolutional neural network. The model uses weather data for only a limited time period of 5 days before and 20 days after planting and is capable of predicting the time to flowering with high accuracy. The most important factors for model solution were identified using saliency maps and a Score-CAM method. Our approach can help breeding programs harness genotypic and phenotypic diversity to more effectively produce varieties with a desired flowering time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11233327
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparing the Psychometric Properties among Three Versions of the UCLA Loneliness Scale in Individuals with Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 14 ( 2022-07-11), p. 8443-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 14 ( 2022-07-11), p. 8443-
    Abstract: The UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3; UCLA-LSV3) is widely used for assessing loneliness. Nevertheless, the validity of this scale for assessing loneliness in individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder has not been determined. Additionally, studies validating the eight-item and three-item versions of UCLA-LSV3 have not included individuals with severe mental illness; therefore, whether the short versions are comparable to the full 20-item version of UCLA-LSV3 for this population is unclear. The present study examined the unidimensional structure, internal consistency, concurrent validity, and test–retest reliability of the Chinese versions of UCLA-LSV3 (i.e., 20-item, 8-item, and 3-item versions) to determine which version is most appropriate for assessing loneliness in individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in Taiwan. A total of 300 participants (267 with schizophrenia and 33 with schizoaffective disorder) completed the scales, comprising UCLA-LSV3, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the suicidality module of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia–Epidemiological Version (K-SADS-E), and the family and peer Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve (APGAR) index. Construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis. The three versions of UCLA-LSV3 were compared with the CES-D, the suicidality module of the K-SADS-E, and the family and peer APGAR index to establish concurrent validity. The results indicated that all three versions of UCLA-LSV3 exhibited acceptable to satisfactory psychometric properties in terms of unidimensional constructs, concurrent validity, and test–retest reliability. The full version of UCLA-LSV3 had the best performance, followed by the eight-item version and the three-item version. Moreover, the three versions had relatively strong associations with each other. Therefore, when deliberating which version of UCLA-LSV3 is the best choice for assessing loneliness in individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, healthcare providers and therapists should consider time availability and practicality.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148443
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between Self-Stigma and Suicide Risk in Individuals with Schizophrenia: Moderating Effects of Self-Esteem and Perceived Support from Friends
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 22 ( 2022-11-16), p. 15071-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 22 ( 2022-11-16), p. 15071-
    Abstract: This cross-sectional study assessed the moderating effects of self-esteem and perceived support from friends on the association between self-stigma and suicide risk in individuals with schizophrenia. We included 300 participants (267 with schizophrenia and 33 with schizoaffective disorder). Suicide risk was assessed using items adopted from the suicide module of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; self-stigma was assessed using the Self-Stigma Scale–Short; perceived support from friends was assessed using the Friend Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve Index; and self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. A moderation analysis was performed to examine the moderating effects of self-esteem and perceived support from friends on the association between self-stigma and suicide risk. The results indicated that self-stigma was positively associated with suicide risk after the effects of other factors were controlled for. Both perceived support from friends and self-esteem significantly reduced the magnitude of suicide risk in participants with self-stigma. Our findings highlight the value of interventions geared toward ameliorating self-stigma and enhancing self-esteem in order to reduce suicide risk in individuals with schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215071
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rapid Response to a Typhoon-Induced Flood with an SAR-Derived Map of Inundated Areas: Case Study and Validation
    MDPI AG ; 2015
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2015-09-18), p. 11954-11973
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 9 ( 2015-09-18), p. 11954-11973
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs70911954
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Expression Profile and Prognostic Value of Wnt Signaling Pathway Molecules in Colorectal Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2021-09-27), p. 1331-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2021-09-27), p. 1331-
    Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease with changes in the genetic and epigenetic levels of various genes. The molecular assessment of CRC is gaining increasing attention, and furthermore, there is an increase in biomarker use for disease prognostication. Therefore, the identification of different gene biomarkers through messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance levels may be useful for capturing the complex effects of CRC. In this study, we demonstrate that the high mRNA levels of 10 upregulated genes (DPEP1, KRT80, FABP6, NKD2, FOXQ1, CEMIP, ETV4, TESC, FUT1, and GAS2) are observed in CRC cell lines and public CRC datasets. Moreover, we find that a high mRNA expression of DPEP1, NKD2, CEMIP, ETV4, TESC, or FUT1 is significantly correlated with a worse prognosis in CRC patients. Further investigation reveals that CTNNB1 is the key factor in the interaction of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway with 10 upregulated CRC-associated genes. In particular, we identify NKD2, FOXQ1, and CEMIP as three CTNNB1-regulated genes. Moreover, individual inhibition of the expression of three CTNNB1-regulated genes can cause the growth inhibition of CRC cells. This study reveals efficient biomarkers for the prognosis of CRC and provides a new molecular interaction network for CRC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101331
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Isolation and Biological Evaluation of Alfa-Mangostin as Potential Therapeutic Agents against Liver Fibrosis
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Bioengineering Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2023-09-11), p. 1075-
    Details
    In: Bioengineering, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2023-09-11), p. 1075-
    Abstract: The increased proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are associated with liver fibrosis development. To date, there are no FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of liver cirrhosis. Augmentation of HSCs apoptosis is one of the resolutions for liver fibrosis. In this study, we extracted α-mangostin (1,3,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-2,8-bis(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-9H-xanthen-9-one) from the fruit waste components of mangosteen pericarp. The isolated α-mangostin structure was determined and characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and compared with those known compounds. The intracellular signaling pathway activities of α-mangostin on Transforming growth factors-beta 1 (TGF-β1) or Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGF-BB) induced HSCs activation and were analyzed via Western blot and Real-time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (Q-PCR). α-Mangostin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in HSCs were measured by seahorse assay and caspase-dependent cleavage. The in vivo anti-fibrotic effect of α-mangostin was assessed by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment mouse model. The data showed that α-mangostin treatment inhibited TGF-β1-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in HSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Regarding the PDGF-BB-induced HSCs proliferation signaling pathways, α-mangostin pretreatment suppressed the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38. The activation of caspase-dependent apoptosis and dysfunction of mitochondrial respiration (such as oxygen consumption rate, ATP production, and maximal respiratory capacity) were observed in α-mangostin-treated HSCs. The CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model showed that the administration of α-mangostin significantly decreased the expression of the fibrosis markers (α-SMA, collagen-a2 (col1a2), desmin and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)) as well as attenuated hepatic collagen deposition and liver damage. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that α-mangostin attenuates the progression of liver fibrosis through inhibiting the proliferation of HSCs and triggering apoptosis signals. Thus, α-mangostin may be used as a potential novel therapeutic agent against liver fibrosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2306-5354
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091075
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2746191-9
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Rapid Jatropha-Castor Biodiesel Production with Microwave Heating and a Heterogeneous Base Catalyst Nano-Ca(OH)2/Fe3O4
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2017-07-04), p. 203-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 7 ( 2017-07-04), p. 203-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal7070203
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Risk Factors for Cervical Disc Arthroplasty Subsidence with Bryan Disc—A Retrospective Observational Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2024-03-10), p. 1589-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2024-03-10), p. 1589-
    Abstract: Background: Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) is currently used instead of fusion to preserve cervical spine motion. Cervical implant subsidence is a potential complication after CDA. Methods: Radiological measurements were recorded via patient anteroposterior and lateral radiographs in the neutral position. Subsidence was defined as a decrease of 3 mm or more in functional spinal unit height (FSUH) from which was measured on a post-operative (OP) radiograph. Results: This study included 104 patients who underwent 153 CDA levels with the Bryan Disc. Approximately one-quarter of the implants (22.9%) showed subsidence. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that pre-OP mean disc height (DH) was identified as an independent risk factor for subsidence in multivariate analysis (0.151, 95% Confidence Interval 0–0.073, p = 0.018). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (area under the curve = 0.852, sensitivity 84.7%, specificity 77.1%) revealed a cut-off value of 4.48 mm for pre-OP Mean-DH in the risk for implant subsidence. Conclusions: In this study, the subsidence rate significantly increased when the implants were oversized beyond a pre-OP Mean-DH of approximately 〉 4 mm. Moreover, the implant subsidence incidence was higher than that reported in previous studies. This is possibly due to endplate over-preparation or disc space over-distraction during placement at the same height as the Bryan Disc (8.5 mm).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm13061589
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 10
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    Automated Synthesis of [18F]Flumazenil Application in GABAA Receptor Neuroimaging Availability for Rat Model of Anxiety
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2023-03-09), p. 417-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 3 ( 2023-03-09), p. 417-
    Abstract: Clinical studies have demonstrated that the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor complex plays a central role in the modulation of anxiety. Conditioned fear and anxiety-like behaviors have many similarities at the neuroanatomical and pharmacological levels. The radioactive GABA/BZR receptor antagonist, fluorine-18-labeled flumazenil, [18F]flumazenil, behaves as a potential PET imaging agent for the evaluation of cortical damage of the brain in stroke, alcoholism, and for Alzheimer disease investigation. The main goal of our study was to investigate a fully automated nucleophilic fluorination system, with solid extraction purification, developed to replace traditional preparation methods, and to detect underlying expressions of contextual fear and characterize the distribution of GABAA receptors in fear-conditioned rats by [18F] flumazenil. A carrier-free nucleophilic fluorination method using an automatic synthesizer with direct labeling of a nitro-flumazenil precursor was implemented. The semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification method (RCY = 15–20%) was applied to obtain high purity [18F]flumazenil. Nano-positron emission tomography (NanoPET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging and ex vivo autoradiography were used to analyze the fear conditioning of rats trained with 1–10 tone-foot-shock pairings. The anxiety rats had a significantly lower cerebral accumulation (in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, cortex, and hippocampus) of fear conditioning. Our rat autoradiography results also supported the findings of PET imaging. Key findings were obtained by developing straightforward labeling and purification procedures that can be easily adapted to commercially available modules for the high radiochemical purity of [18F]flumazenil. The use of an automatic synthesizer with semi-preparative HPLC purification would be a suitable reference method for new drug studies of GABAA/BZR receptors in the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph16030417
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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