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  • MDPI AG  (121)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Antimicrobial Activities against Periodontopathic Bacteria of Pittosporum tobira and Its Active Compound
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  Molecules Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2014-03-24), p. 3607-3616
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2014-03-24), p. 3607-3616
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules19033607
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Exploiting User Clustering and Fixed Power Allocation for Multi-Antenna UAV-Assisted IoT Systems
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2023-06-13), p. 5537-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 12 ( 2023-06-13), p. 5537-
    Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) systems cooperative with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been put into use for more than ten years, from transportation to military surveillance, and they have been shown to be worthy of inclusion in the next wireless protocols. Therefore, this paper studies user clustering and the fixed power allocation approach by placing multi-antenna UAV-mounted relays for extended coverage areas and achieving improved performance for IoT devices. In particular, the system enables UAV-mounted relays with multiple antennas together with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to provide a potential way to enhance transmission reliability. We presented two cases of multi-antenna UAVs such as maximum ratio transmission and the best selection to highlight the benefits of the antenna-selections approach with low-cost design. In addition, the base station managed its IoT devices in practical scenarios with and without direct links. For two cases, we derive closed-form expressions of outage probability (OP) and closed-form approximation ergodic capacity (EC) generated for both devices in the main scenario. The outage and ergodic capacity performances in some scenarios are compared to confirm the benefits of the considered system. The number of antennas was found to have a crucial impact on the performances. The simulation results show that the OP for both users strongly decreases when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), number of antennas, and fading severity factor of Nakagami-m fading increase. The proposed scheme outperforms the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) scheme in outage performance for two users. The analytical results match Monte Carlo simulations to confirm the exactness of the derived expressions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23125537
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Colorimetric Sensing with Gold Nanoparticles on Electrowetting-Based Digital Microfluidics
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2021-11-19), p. 1423-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2021-11-19), p. 1423-
    Abstract: Digital microfluidic (DMF) has been a unique tool for manipulating micro-droplets with high flexibility and accuracy. To extend the application of DMF for automatic and in-site detection, it is promising to introduce colorimetric sensing based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which have advantages including high sensitivity, label-free, biocompatibility, and easy surface modification. However, there is still a lack of studies for investigating the movement and stability of AuNPs for in-site detection on the electrowetting-based digital microfluidics. Herein, to demonstrate the ability of DMF for colorimetric sensing with AuNPs, we investigated the electrowetting property of the AuNPs droplets on the hydrophobic interface of the DMF chip and examined the stability of the AuNPs on DMF as well as the influence of evaporation to the colorimetric sensing. As a result, we found that the electrowetting of AuNPs fits to a modified Young–Lippmann equation, which suggests that a higher voltage is required to actuate AuNPs droplets compared with actuating water droplets. Moreover, the stability of AuNPs was maintained during the processing of electrowetting. We also proved that the evaporation of droplets has a limited influence on the detections that last several minutes. Finally, a model experiment for the detection of Hg2+ was carried out with similar results to the detections in bulk solution. The proposed method can be further extended to a wide range of AuNPs-based detection for label-free, automatic, and low-cost detection of small molecules, biomarkers, and metal ions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi12111423
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elastin-Derived VGVAPG Fragment Decorated Cell-Penetrating Peptide with Improved Gene Delivery Efficacy
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-02-16), p. 670-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-02-16), p. 670-
    Abstract: Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are attractive non-viral gene delivery vectors due to their high transfection capacity and safety. Previously, we have shown that cell-penetrating peptide RALA can be a promising gene delivery vector for chronic wound regeneration application. In this study, we engineered a novel peptide called RALA-E by introducing elastin-derived VGVAPG fragment into RALA, in order to target the elastin-binding protein on the cell surface and thus improve delivery efficacy of RALA. The transfection efficiency of RALA-E was evaluated by transfecting the HEK-293T and HeLa cell lines cells with RALA-E/pDNA complexes and the flow-cytometry results showed that RALA-E significantly increased the transfection efficiency by nearly 20% in both cell lines compared to RALA. Inhibition of pDNA transfection on HEK-293T cells via chlorpromazine, genistein and mβCD showed that the inhibition extent in transfection efficiency was much less for RALA-E group compared to RALA group. In addition, RALA-E/miR-146a complexes showed up to 90% uptake efficiency in macrophages, and can escape from the endosome and enter the nucleus to inhibit the expression of inflammation genes. Therefore, the developed RALA-E peptide has high potential as a safe and efficient vector for gene therapy application.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020670
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mechanical Reliability Assessment of a Flexible Package Fabricated Using Laser-Assisted Bonding
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-03-04), p. 601-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2023-03-04), p. 601-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop a flexible package technology using laser-assisted bonding (LAB) technology and an anisotropic solder paste (ASP) material ultimately to reduce the bonding temperature and enhance the flexibility and reliability of flexible devices. The heat transfer phenomena during the LAB process, mechanical deformation, and the flexibility of a flexible package were analyzed by experimental and numerical simulation methods. The flexible package was fabricated with a silicon chip and a polyimide (PI) substrate. When the laser beam was irradiated onto the flexible package, the temperatures of the solder increased very rapidly to 220 °C, high enough to melt the ASP solder, within 2.4 s. After the completion of irradiation, the temperature of the flexible package decreased quickly. It was found that the solder powder in ASP was completely melted and formed stable interconnections between the silicon chip and the copper pads, without thermal damage to the PI substrate. After the LAB process, the flexible package showed warpage of 80 μm, which was very small compared to the size of the flexible package. The stress of each component in the flexible package generated during the LAB process was also found to be very low. The flexible device was bent up to 7 mm without failure, and the flexibility can be improved further by reducing the thickness of the silicon chip. The bonding strength and environmental reliability tests also showed the excellent mechanical endurance of the flexible package.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi14030601
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Innovative Control Strategy to Improve the Fault Ride-Through Capability of DFIGs Based on Wind Energy Conversion Systems
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Energies Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2016-01-25), p. 69-
    Details
    In: Energies, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 2 ( 2016-01-25), p. 69-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1073
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/en9020069
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2437446-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
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    Characterization of Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Compounds of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum and Optimization of Extraction Condition
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Antioxidants Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2023-02-17), p. 511-
    Details
    In: Antioxidants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2023-02-17), p. 511-
    Abstract: Cratoxylum formosum ssp. pruniflorum (Kurz.) Gogel (Guttiferae), called kuding tea, is widely distributed in Southeast Asia. In this study, the constituents and biological activity of C. formosum ssp. pruniflorum were investigated. Extract of its leaves, roots and stems showed antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Interestingly, comparison of the metabolite profiles of leaves, roots and stems of C. formosum ssp. pruniflorum by LC-MS analysis showed a great difference between the roots and leaves, whereas the roots and stems were quite similar. Purification of the roots and leaves of C. formosum ssp. pruniflorum through various chromatographic techniques resulted in the isolation of 25 compounds. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis as 18 xanthones, 5 flavonoids, a benzophenone and a phenolic compound. Among them, a xanthone (16) and a benzophenone (19) were first reported from nature. Evaluation of biological activity revealed that xanthones had a potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while flavonoids were responsible for the antioxidant activity. To maximize the biological activity, yield and total phenolic content of C. formosum ssp. pruniflorum, extraction conditions such as extraction solvent, time and temperature were optimized using response surface methodology with Box–Behnken Design (BBD). Regression analysis showed a good fit of the experimental data, and the optimal condition was obtained as MeOH concentration in EtOAc, 88.1%; extraction time, 6.02 h; and extraction temperature 60.0 °C. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity, yield and total phenolic content under the optimal condition were found to be 72.2% inhibition, 10.3% and 163.9 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. These results provide useful information about C. formosum ssp. pruniflorum as functional foods for oxidative stress–related metabolic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3921
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020511
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704216-9
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 8
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    Allyl Isothiocyanate Protects Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury via NRF2 Activation by Decreasing Spontaneous Degradation in Hepatocyte
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-11-23), p. 3585-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2020-11-23), p. 3585-
    Abstract: Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most frequently prescribed analgesic and anti-pyretic drugs. However, APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is a major cause of acute liver failure globally. While the therapeutic dose is safe, an overdose of APAP produces an excess of the toxic metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), subsequently resulting in hepatotoxicity. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a bioactive molecule in cruciferous plants, is reported to exert various biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial effects. Notably, AITC is known for activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), but there is limited evidence supporting the beneficial effects on hepatocytes and liver, where AITC is mainly metabolized. We applied a mouse model in the current study to investigate whether AITC protects the liver against APAP-induced injury, wherein we observed the protective effects of AITC. Furthermore, NRF2 nuclear translocation and the increase of target genes by AITC treatment were confirmed by in vitro experiments. APAP-induced cell damage was attenuated by AITC via an NRF2-dependent manner, and rapid NRF2 activation by AITC was attributed to the elevation of NRF2 stability by decreasing its spontaneous degradation. Moreover, liver tissues from our mouse experiment revealed that AITC increases the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an NRF2 target gene, confirming the potential of AITC as a hepatoprotective agent that induces NRF2 activation. Taken together, our results indicate the potential of AITC as a natural-product-derived NRF2 activator targeting the liver.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu12113585
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 9
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    A Numerical Model for the Compressive Behavior of Granular Backfill Based on Experimental Data and Application in Surface Subsidence
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Metals Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-21), p. 202-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2022-01-21), p. 202-
    Abstract: Granular backfill is generally confined in stopes to bear underground pressure in metal mines. Its mechanical behavior under lateral confinement is vital for controlling stope wall behavior and estimating surface subsidence in backfill mining operations. In this paper, an experimental apparatus has been developed to explore the bearing process of granular material. Pebbles were selected to model granular backfill. A series of compression experiments of pebble aggregation were performed under lateral confinement condition using the experimental apparatus. The bearing characteristics of the pebble aggregation with seven gradations were analyzed. Based on the experimental data, a constitutive model that takes the real physical characteristics of granular material into account was proposed with variable deformation modulus. The constitutive model was implemented into the FLAC3D software and verified basically by comparison with experimental results. The surface subsidence in backfilling mines was studied using the proposed model. The effects of the particle size of the granular backfill and the height and buried depth of mined-out stopes on surface subsidence have been clarified. The research results are of great significance for guiding backfill mining and evaluating surface subsidence and movement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met12020202
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 10
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    Genomic Characterization of a Novel Alphacoronavirus Isolated from Bats, Korea, 2020
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Viruses Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2021-10-11), p. 2041-
    Details
    In: Viruses, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 10 ( 2021-10-11), p. 2041-
    Abstract: Coronavirus, an important zoonotic disease, raises concerns of future pandemics. The bat is considered a source of noticeable viruses resulting in human and livestock infections, especially the coronavirus. Therefore, surveillance and genetic analysis of coronaviruses in bats are essential in order to prevent the risk of future diseases. In this study, the genome of HCQD-2020, a novel alphacoronavirus detected in a bat (Eptesicus serotinus), was assembled and described using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The comparison of the whole-genome sequence and the conserved amino acid sequence of replicated proteins revealed that the new strain was distantly related with other known species in the Alphacoronavirus genus. Phylogenetic construction indicated that this strain formed a separated branch with other species, suggesting a new species of Alphacoronavirus. Additionally, in silico prediction also revealed the risk of cross-species infection of this strain, especially in the order Artiodactyla. In summary, this study provided the genetic characteristics of a possible new species belonging to Alphacoronavirus.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4915
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/v13102041
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2516098-9
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