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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Network Pharmacological Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Effect of Smilacis Glabrae Rhixoma on Gastrointestinal Motility Disorder
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Plants Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2023-03-30), p. 1509-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 7 ( 2023-03-30), p. 1509-
    Abstract: Gastrointestinal motility disorder (GMD) is a disease that causes digestive problems due to inhibition of the movement of the gastrointestinal tract and is one of the diseases that reduce the quality of life of modern people. Smilacis Glabrae Rhixoma (SGR) is a traditional herbal medicine for many diseases and is sometimes prescribed to improve digestion. As a network pharmacological approach, we searched the TCMSP database for SGR, reviewed its constituents and target genes, and analyzed its relevance to gastrointestinal motility disorder. The effects of the SGR extract on the pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and gastric emptying were investigated. In addition, using the GMD mouse model through acetic acid (AA), we investigated the locomotor effect of SGR on the intestinal transit rate (ITR). As a result of network pharmacology analysis, 56 compounds out of 74 candidate compounds of SGR have targets, the number of targets is 390 targets, and there are 904 combinations. Seventeen compounds of SGR were related to GMD, and as a result of comparing the related genes with the GMD-related genes, 17 genes (active only) corresponded to both. When looking at the relationship network between GMD and SGR, it was confirmed that quercetin, resveratrol, SCN5A, TNF, and FOS were most closely related to GMD. In addition, the SGR extract regulated the pacemaker activity in ICC and recovered the delayed gastric emptying. As a result of feeding the SGR extract to AA-induced GMD mice, it was confirmed that the ITR decreased by AA was restored by the SGR extract. Through network pharmacology, it was confirmed that quercetin, resveratrol, SCN5A, TNF, and FOS were related to GMD in SGR, and these were closely related to intestinal motility. Based on these results, it is suggested that SGR in GMD restores digestion through the recovery of intestinal motility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants12071509
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Subdural Injection During Lumbar Interlaminar Epidural Injection in Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-09-28), p. 3132-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-09-28), p. 3132-
    Abstract: Persistent or recurrent back and leg pain following spinal surgery, known as failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS), significantly limits daily life activities. A lumbar epidural injection can reduce adhesions, inflammation, and nerve compression, although the epidural space can be distorted due to dura mater and epidural tissues changes after spinal surgery. This study analyzed subdural injection during lumbar epidural injection in FBSS patients. We retrospectively analyzed data from 155 patients who received a lumbar interlaminar epidural injection to manage FBSS. We grouped the patients based on the injected contrast medium appearance in the subdural (group S) or epidural spaces (group E) in fluoroscopic contrast images. Demographic, clinical, surgical and fluoroscopic data were recorded and evaluated, as were the pain scores before and after injection. There were 59 patients (38.1%) in the subdural group. Injection distance from the surgery level differed between the groups. Risk of subdural injection at level 1 distance from the surgery level had an odds ratio of 0.374, and at level ≥2, it was 0.172, when compared to level 0. Subdural incidence differed with the distance from surgical site. Physicians should strive to reduce subdural incidence when the injection is planned at surgery site in FBSS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103132
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Polynucleotide Sodium Compared to Sodium Hyaluronate and Crosslinked Sodium Hyaluronate in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2021-03-09), p. 1138-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 5 ( 2021-03-09), p. 1138-
    Abstract: Degenerative arthritis of the knee joint has become a major social problem worldwide due to population aging. There are several treatment options for knee osteoarthritis, and the intraarticular injection of sodium hyaluronate is commonly selected by many clinicians as a nonsurgical treatment. However, the efficacy of the treatment is controversial. In this pilot study, we aimed to compare polynucleotide sodium (Conjuran®) with sodium hyaluronate (Hyruan Plus®) and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether-crosslinked sodium hyaluronate (Synovian®) in terms of analgesic efficacy after intraarticular injection in patients with knee osteoarthritis. One of the three intraarticular agents was selected according to what agents were available for outpatients when each patient was enrolled in the study. The 15 enrolled patients were subdivided into 3 groups of 5 patients each. Three injections were performed under ultrasound guidance at a 1-week intervals over a total of 3 weeks. The visual analog scale (VAS) score, the Korean version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (K-WOMAC), the EuroQol five-dimension scale (EQ-5D) score, and the Korean version of the painDETECT Questionnaire (K-PDQ) score were evaluated before injection and at 1, 2, and 6 weeks after the start of the treatment protocol. The primary endpoint was the change in weight-bearing pain at 4 weeks after the last injection. Secondary endpoints included pain at rest and during walking and the K-WOMAC, EQ-5D, and K-PDQ scores. Weight-bearing pain decreased significantly more from pretreatment to 6 weeks after the start of the treatment protocol in the polynucleotide sodium-treated patients than in the patients who were treated with other agents (p = 0.006, one-way ANOVA). There were no significant between-group differences in the other secondary endpoints. No adverse events occurred. In conclusion, polynucleotide sodium could effectively reduce weight-bearing pain in the patients with knee osteoarthritis compared to standard hyaluronic acid viscosupplementation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051138
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prediction of the Medicinal Mechanisms of Pinellia ternata Breitenbach, a Traditional Medicine for Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, through Network Pharmacology
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Plants Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-19), p. 1348-
    Details
    In: Plants, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 10 ( 2022-05-19), p. 1348-
    Abstract: Pinellia ternata Breitenbach (PTB) is a widely used herbal medicine in China, Japan, and South Korea. It has antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and sedative properties. The raw material is toxic, but can be made safer using alum solution or by boiling it for a long time. In addition, PTB seems to be effective for gastrointestinal motility disorders (GMDs), but this is yet to be conclusively proven. Herein, PTB compounds, targets, and related diseases were investigated using the traditional Chinese medical systems pharmacology database and an analysis platform. Information on target genes was confirmed using the UniProt database. Using Cytoscape 3.8.2, a network was established and GMD-related genes were searched using the Cytoscape stringApp. The effects of the PTB extract on the pacemaker potential of interstitial cells of Cajal and GMD mouse models were investigated. In total, 12 compounds were found to target 13 GMD-related genes. In animal experiments, PTB was found to better regulate pacemaker potential in vitro and inhibit GMD signs compared to control groups in vivo. Animal studies showed that the mechanism underlying the effects of PTB is closely related to gastrointestinal motility. The results obtained demonstrated that PTB offers a potential means to treat GMDs, and we suggested that the medicinal mechanism of GMDs can be explained by the relationship between 12 major components of PTB, including oleic acid, and 13 GMD-related genes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2223-7747
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/plants11101348
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704341-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    DRG2 Depletion Promotes Endothelial Cell Senescence and Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2022-03-06), p. 2877-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 5 ( 2022-03-06), p. 2877-
    Abstract: Endothelial cell senescence is involved in endothelial dysfunction and vascular diseases. However, the detailed mechanisms of endothelial senescence are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that deficiency of developmentally regulated GTP-binding protein 2 (DRG2) induces senescence and dysfunction of endothelial cells. DRG2 knockout (KO) mice displayed reduced cerebral blood flow in the brain and lung blood vessel density. We also determined, by Matrigel plug assay, aorta ring assay, and in vitro tubule formation of primary lung endothelial cells, that deficiency in DRG2 reduced the angiogenic capability of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells from DRG2 KO mice showed a senescence phenotype with decreased cell growth and enhanced levels of p21 and phosphorylated p53, γH2AX, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) cytokines. DRG2 deficiency in endothelial cells upregulated arginase 2 (Arg2) and generation of reactive oxygen species. Induction of SA-β-gal activity was prevented by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine in endothelial cells from DRG2 KO mice. In conclusion, our results suggest that DRG2 is a key regulator of endothelial senescence, and its downregulation is probably involved in vascular dysfunction and diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052877
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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