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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Guidelines for Working Heights of the Lower-Limb Exoskeleton (CEX) Based on Ergonomic Evaluations
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 10 ( 2021-05-13), p. 5199-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 10 ( 2021-05-13), p. 5199-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the muscle activities and subjective discomfort according to the heights of tasks and the lower-limb exoskeleton CEX (Chairless EXoskeleton), which is a chair-type passive exoskeleton. Twenty healthy subjects (thirteen males and seven females) participated in this experiment. The independent variables were wearing of the exoskeleton (w/ CEX, w/o CEX), working height (6 levels: 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 cm), and muscle type (8 levels: upper trapezius (UT), erector spinae (ES), middle deltoid (MD), triceps brachii (TB), biceps brachii (BB), biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), and tibialis anterior (TA)). The dependent variables were EMG activity (% MVC) and subjective discomfort rating. When wearing the CEX, the UT, ES, RF, and TA showed lower muscle activities at low working heights (40–80 cm) than not wearing the CEX, whereas those muscles showed higher muscle activities at high working heights (100–140 cm). Use of the CEX had a positive effect on subjective discomfort rating at lower working heights. Generally, lower discomfort was reported at working heights below 100 cm when using the CEX. At working heights of 100–140 cm, the muscle activity when wearing the CEX tended to be greater than when not wearing it. Thus, considering the results of this study, the use of the lower-limb exoskeleton (CEX) at a working height of 40–100 cm might reduce the muscle activity and discomfort of whole body and decrease the risk of related disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105199
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 2
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    Genetic Polymorphisms in the 3′-Untranslated Regions of SMAD5, FN3KRP, and RUNX-1 Are Associated with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2022-06-22), p. 1481-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 7 ( 2022-06-22), p. 1481-
    Abstract: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is typically defined as two or more consecutive pregnancy losses prior to 20 weeks of gestation. Although the causes of idiopathic RPL are not completely understood, vascular development and glucose concentration were reported to correlate with the pregnancy loss. The TGF-β signaling pathway which plays a significant role in pregnancy is activated by the interaction between high glucose and SMAD signaling and affects the vascular cells. SMAD5 and RUNX-1 are involved in the TGF-β signaling pathway and contribute to advanced glycation end products (AGEs) production and vascular development. FN3KRP, a newly described gene, is also associated with vascular diseases and suggested to relate to AGEs. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated associations between RPL risk and genetic polymorphisms of SMAD5, FN3KRP, and RUNX-1 in 388 women with RPL and 280 healthy control women of Korean ethnicity. Participants were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay to determine the frequency of SMAD5 rs10515478 C 〉 G, FN3KRP rs1046875 G 〉 A, and RUNX-1 rs15285 G 〉 A polymorphisms. We found that women with RPL had lower likelihoods of the FN3KRP rs1046875 AA genotype (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 0.553; p = 0.010) and recessive model (AOR, 0.631; p = 0.017). Furthermore, combination analysis showed that SMAD5 rs10515478 C 〉 G and FN3KRP rs1046875 G 〉 A mutant alleles were together associated with reduced RPL risk. These findings suggest that the FN3KRP rs1046875 G 〉 A polymorphism has a significant role on the prevalence of RPL in Korean women. Considering that it is the first study indicating a significant association between FN3KRP and pregnancy disease, RPL, our results suggest the need for further investigation of the role of FN3KRP in pregnancy loss.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071481
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 3
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    Application of Pulsed Electric Field as a Pre-Treatment for Subcritical Water Extraction of Quercetin from Onion Skin
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2022-04-07), p. 1069-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2022-04-07), p. 1069-
    Abstract: Pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment promotes the electroporation of biological membranes, and if included as a pre-treatment, could improve the extraction of certain constituents therefrom. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal extraction conditions for extracting the flavonoid quercetin from dried onion skin and to establish whether the yield could be enhanced by combining PEF pre-treatment with an eco-friendly extraction method that uses subcritical water extraction (SWE). Samples of onion skin were treated with PEF under conditions of varying electric field strength (0.5–2.5 kV/cm) and duration (5–120 s). SWE was then performed with an extraction time of 15 min and at temperatures ranging from 105 °C to 185 °C. Among the conditions tested, the yield of total quercetin was the highest after pretreatment with PEF at 2.5 kV/cm for 15 s, followed by SWE at 145 °C for 15 min (yield 19.25 ± 0.77 mg/g dried onion skin, mean ± standard deviation). Pretreatment with PEF improved the yield of total quercetin extracted by 33.22% compared with the PEF-untreated samples. These findings demonstrate that pretreatment of onion skin with PEF has the potential to improve flavonoid extraction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11081069
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Association of Polymorphisms in the Long Non-Coding RNA HOTAIR with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in a Korean Population
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Genes Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2022-11-17), p. 2138-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2022-11-17), p. 2138-
    Abstract: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) affects 1% to 5% of women, with devastating effects on both reproductive health and psychological well-being. Homeobox (HOX) transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) produced by HOXC; it plays a major role in invasion and development of ovarian and other cancers. The aim of the present study was to analyze effects of HOTAIR polymorphisms (rs4759314 A 〉 G, rs920778 T 〉 C, rs1899663 G 〉 T, and rs7958904 G 〉 C) on RPL in Korean women. A total of 403 women with RPL and 383 healthy women were selected for this study. Genotyping analysis was performed with the polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the TaqMan genotyping assay. Clinical characteristics were compared using Student’s unpaired t-test and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms and RPL incidence. In all assays, p 〈 0.05 was considered significant. HOTAIR polymorphisms rs4759314A 〉 G and rs920778T 〉 C were highly associated with increased risk of RPL, specifically the haplotypes rs4759314A 〉 G/rs1899663G 〉 T (G-T) and rs4759314A 〉 G/rs920778 T 〉 C (G-C). These associations were maintained in haplotypes that contained three polymorphisms (rs4759314 A 〉 G, rs920778 T 〉 C, and rs1899663 G 〉 T) A-C-G, G-T-G, and G-T-T, further indicating that the HOTAIR rs4759314 and rs920778 polymorphisms play significant roles in idiopathic RPL in Korean women.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes13112138
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Comparison of Interface Pressures and Subjective Comfort of Pressure-Relieving Overlays on the Operating Table for Healthy Volunteers
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2021-03-05), p. 2640-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 18, No. 5 ( 2021-03-05), p. 2640-
    Abstract: (1) Background: Pressure ulcers in the hospital setting occurring within 72 h after surgery are called perioperative pressure injuries. The aim of this study was to provide data for the prevention of perioperative pressure injuries following the use of pressure-relieving overlays by measuring the interface pressures and subjective comfort. (2) Methods: This study is based on a repeated measures design. The subjects included 30 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 57 years. Interface pressures of the sacrum and both heels were measured in the supine position, and the subjective comfort was evaluated with visual analog scale after applying polyurethane foam, gel pad, and egg crate foam for relief. (3) Results: The pressures in the sacrum and both heels were the lowest with polyurethane foam, and the subjective comfort was the highest. (4) Conclusions: Inexpensive polyurethane foam with satisfactory pressure relief is recommended as an overlay for surgical patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052640
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
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    Genetic Association between Inflammatory-Related Polymorphism in STAT3, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and Idiopathic Recurrent Implantation Failure
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Genes Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2023-08-05), p. 1588-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 8 ( 2023-08-05), p. 1588-
    Abstract: Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is defined as a failure to achieve pregnancy after multiple embryo transfers. Implantation is closely related to inflammatory gradients, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) play a key role in maternal and trophoblast inflammation during implantation. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) interacts with cytokines and plays a critical role in implantation through involvement in the inflammation of the embryo and placenta. Therefore, we investigated 151 RIF patients and 321 healthy controls in Korea and analyzed the association between the polymorphisms (STAT3 rs1053004, IL-1β rs16944, IL-6 rs1800796, and TNF-α rs1800629, 1800630) and RIF prevalence. In this paper, we identified that STAT3 rs1053004 (AG, adjusted odds rate [AOR] = 0.623; p = 0.027; GG, AOR = 0.513; p = 0.043; Dominant, AOR = 0.601, p = 0.011), IL-6 rs1800796 (GG, AOR = 2.472; p = 0.032; Recessive, AOR = 2.374, p = 0.037), and TNF-α rs1800629 (GA, AOR = 2.127, p = 0.010, Dominant, AOR = 2.198, p = 0.007) have a significant association with RIF prevalence. This study is the first to investigate the association of each polymorphism with RIF prevalence in Korea and to compare their effect based on their function on inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes14081588
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Anthocyanin Structure and pH Dependent Extraction Characteristics from Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) and Chokeberries (Aronia melanocarpa) in Subcritical Water State
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Foods Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2021-03-03), p. 527-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 3 ( 2021-03-03), p. 527-
    Abstract: This study determines the optimal extraction conditions for the subcritical-water extraction (SWE) of anthocyanin from blueberries and chokeberries and compares the performance using conventional extraction methods. SWE is carried out under different conditions of extraction temperature (110 °C, 130 °C, 150 °C, 170 °C, 190 °C, and 200 °C), extraction time (1, 3, 5, and 10 min), and solvent pH (water and 1% citric acid). The solubility and stability of anthocyanin from blueberries and chokeberries influences the optimal condition for SWE. The presence of more methoxy and hydroxyl functional groups in the basic skeleton of anthocyanin will result in a lower solubility at a high temperature. Water at a higher temperature exhibits a better dissociation reaction, and a solvent has a lower pH at a higher temperature. One percent citric acid is used to reduce the pH of the solvent, which increases the extraction efficiency of anthocyanin in a subcritical water state.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods10030527
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 8
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    Direct-Acting Antivirals and the Risk of Hepatitis B Reactivation in Hepatitis B and C Co-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-11-26), p. 1957-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-11-26), p. 1957-
    Abstract: Hepatitis B (HBV) reactivation was observed to be more than 10% in patients receiving interferon-based therapy for hepatitis C (HCV) co-infection. At present, when direct-acting antiviral (DAA) has become the main treatment for HCV, there are few large-scale studies on the reactivation of HBV in these population. We studied HBV reactivation risk and prophylactic HBV treatment efficacy in HBV/HCV co-infected patients receiving DAA therapy. Relevant studies were selected from the Ovid-Medline, Ovid-EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, KoreaMed, KMbase, and RISS databases through 4 September 2020. Data pooling was carried out using the random-effects method. We identified 39 articles with 119,484 patients with chronic (n = 1673) or resolved (n = 13,497) HBV infection under DAA therapy. When the studies were pooled, the HBV reactivation rate was 12% (95% confidence interval (CI) 6–19, I2 = 87%), indicating that this population needs careful attention. When stratified by baseline HBV DNA, the undetectable HBV DNA group showed a significantly lower risk of reactivation than the detectable HBV DNA group (odds ratio (OR) 0.30, 95% CI 0.11–0.86, I2 = 0%). Prophylactic HBV therapy reduced HBV reactivation risk (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07–0.92, I2 = 0%). Patients with a resolved HBV infection showed a negligible rate (0.4%) of HBV reactivation. In conclusion, patients with detectable HBV DNA levels warrant careful monitoring for HBV reactivation and may benefit from preventive anti-HBV treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12121957
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 9
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    Direct-Acting Antivirals for HCV Treatment in Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-09-15), p. 1517-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 9 ( 2022-09-15), p. 1517-
    Abstract: DAA therapy is known to clear hepatitis C virus infection in patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC). However, the safety and benefits of DAA in DC remain unclear, especially with the use of protease inhibitors (PI). Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and clinical safety of DAA in DC patients and observed whether there was a discrepancy between PI-based and non-PI-based treatment. We searched Ovid-Medline, Ovid-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and three local medical databases through October 2021 to identify relevant studies on the clinical safety and effectiveness of DAA in DC patients. The outcomes were sustained virologic response (SVR), overall mortality, the incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), adverse events, improvement or deterioration of liver function, and delisting from liver transplantation (LT). Two independent reviewers extracted the data from each study using a standardized form. The pooled event rate in DC patients and relative effect (odds ratio (OR)) of PI-treated versus non-PI-based DAA in DC patients were calculated using a random-effects model. In patients with DC, the SVR rate was 86% (95% CI 83–88%), the development of HCC 7% (95% CI 5–9%), and mortality 6% (95% CI 4–8%). Improvement in liver function was observed in 51% (95% CI 44–58%) of patients, and 16% (95% CI 5–40%) were delisted from LT. PI-based treatment showed a similar rate of serious adverse events (23% vs. 18%), HCC occurrence (5% vs. 7%), and mortality (5% vs. 6%) to that of non-PI-based DAA treatment in DC patients. HCC occurrence and mortality rates were low in patients with DC following DAA treatment. PI-based treatment in DC patients was relatively safe when compared to non-PI-based treatment. Overall, DAA improved liver function, which may have allowed for delisting from LT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091517
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 10
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    Ultrasound-Responsive Liposomes for Targeted Drug Delivery Combined with Focused Ultrasound
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Pharmaceutics Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-06-21), p. 1314-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceutics, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 7 ( 2022-06-21), p. 1314-
    Abstract: Chemotherapeutic drugs are traditionally used for the treatment of cancer. However, chemodrugs generally induce side effects and decrease anticancer effects due to indiscriminate diffusion and poor drug delivery. To overcome these limitations of chemotherapy, in this study, ultrasound-responsive liposomes were fabricated and used as drug carriers for delivering the anticancer drug doxorubicin, which was able to induce cancer cell death. The ultrasound-sensitive liposome demonstrated a size distribution of 81.94 nm, and the entrapment efficiency of doxorubicin was 97.1 ± 1.44%. The release of doxorubicin under the ultrasound irradiation was 60% on continuous wave and 50% by optimizing the focused ultrasound conditions. In vivo fluorescence live imaging was used to visualize the doxorubicin release in the MDA-MB-231 xenografted mouse, and it was demonstrated that liposomal drugs were released in response to ultrasound irradiation of the tissue. The combination of ultrasound and liposomes suppressed tumor growth over 56% more than liposomes without ultrasound exposure and 98% more than the control group. In conclusion, this study provides a potential alternative for overcoming the previous limitations of chemotherapeutics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071314
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527217-2
    SSG: 15,3
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