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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Decrease of Hyaluronidase Activity and Suppression of Mouse CD4+ T Lymphocyte Activation by Tomato Juice Saponin Esculeoside B, and Its Sapogenol Esculeogenin B
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-05), p. 579-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2022-04-05), p. 579-
    Abstract: (1) Background: A naturally occurring glycoside, esculeoside B (EsB), has been identified as a major component in juice or canned tomato. We reported how EsB ameliorated mice experimental atopic dermatitis by a decrease in serum IgE levels. However, the underlying immunologic molecular mechanisms are unknown. (2) Methods: The present study tested the effects of EsB on hyaluronidase activity and CD4+ T lymphocyte activation using concanavalin A (ConA)-blast mouse splenocyte primary culture. (3) Results: We found that EsB and its sapogenol esculeogenin B (Esg-B) decreased hyaluronidase activity by a modified Morgan–Elson method. We demonstrated that EsB/Esg-B dose-dependently suppressed T-lymphoproliferation using CFSE-labeled flow-cytometry and water-soluble tetrazolium (WST) assay. Using ELISA and q-PCR methods, EsB/Esg-B suppressed the cytokine secretion and mRNA expression of Th2-relevant IL-4 and Th1-relevant IFN-γ. Moreover, both EsB/Esg-B showed a reduction in IL-10 secretion, but only Esg-B decreased IL-2 secretion. (4) Conclusions: Our study is the first to demonstrate how EsB/Esg-B inhibit hyaluronidase activity and reduce CD4+ T-lymphocyte activation via a reduction in Th2-lymphocyte activity by modulation of Th2/Th1/Treg subunits differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040579
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Current Landscape of Sonodynamic Therapy for Treating Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 24 ( 2021-12-08), p. 6184-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 24 ( 2021-12-08), p. 6184-
    Abstract: Recent advancements have tangibly changed the cancer treatment landscape. However, curative therapy for this dreadful disease remains an unmet need. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a minimally invasive anti-cancer therapy involving a chemical sonosensitizer and focused ultrasound. A high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) beam is used to destroy or denature targeted cancer tissues. Some SDTs are based on unfocused ultrasound (US). In some SDTs, HIFU is combined with a drug, known as a chemical sonosensitizer, to amplify the drug’s ability to damage cancer cells preferentially. The mechanism by which US interferes with cancer cell function is further amplified by applying acoustic sensitizers. Combining multiple chemical sonosensitizers with US creates a substantial synergistic effect that could effectively disrupt tumorigenic growth, induce cell death, and elicit an immune response. Therefore, the minimally invasive SDT treatment is currently attracting attention. It can be combined with targeted therapy (double-targeting cancer therapy) and immunotherapy in the future and is expected to be a boon for treating previously incurable cancers. In this paper, we will consider the current state of this therapy and discuss parts of our research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246184
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ripe Tomato Saponin Esculeoside A and Sapogenol Esculeogenin A Suppress CD4+ T Lymphocyte Activation by Modulation of Th2/Th1/Treg Differentiation
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2022-05-11), p. 2021-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 10 ( 2022-05-11), p. 2021-
    Abstract: We report that esculeoside A (EsA), a glycoside and a major component in ripe tomato fruit, ameliorated experimental dermatitis in mice. However, the underlying immunologic molecular mechanisms are unknown. The present study examined its underlying immune nutrition mechanism using concanavalin A (ConA)-blast mouse splenocyte primary culture. We found that EsA and its sapogenol esculeogenin A (Esg-A) concentration-dependently suppressed T-lymphoproliferation using CFSE-labeled flow-cytometry and water-soluble tetrazolium (WST) assay. Using ELISA and q-PCR methods, EsA/Esg-A showed profound decreases in T helper 2 (Th2)-relevant interleukin-4 (IL-4) secretion and mRNA expression, and GATA3 expression. Moreover, EsA/Esg-A suppressed CD4+ T-lymphocyte activation by decreasing IL-2 secretion and mRNA expression and CD25+ cell proportion. Further, EsA/Esg-A alleviated Treg suppressive activity by reducing IL-10 secretion, Foxp3 mRNA expression, and cell numbers. We suggest the immune nutrition function by tomato component, and highlight that EsA/Esg-A are capable of reducing CD4+ T-lymphocyte activation via a reduction in Th2-lymphocyte activity by modulation of Th2/Th1/Treg subunit differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14102021
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Volumetric Analysis of Glioblastoma for Determining Which CpG Sites Should Be Tested by Pyrosequencing to Predict Temozolomide Efficacy
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-09-26), p. 1379-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-09-26), p. 1379-
    Abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine which individual or combined CpG sites among O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase CpG 74–89 in glioblastoma mainly affects the response to temozolomide resulting from CpG methylation using statistical analyses focused on the tumor volume ratio (TVR). We retrospectively examined 44 patients who had postoperative volumetrically measurable residual tumor tissue and received adjuvant temozolomide therapy for at least 6 months after initial chemoradiotherapy. TVR was defined as the tumor volume 6 months after the initial chemoradiotherapy divided by that before the start of chemoradiotherapy. Predictive values for TVR as a response to adjuvant therapy were compared among the averaged methylation percentages of individual or combined CpGs using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Our data revealed that combined CpG 78 and 79 showed a high area under the curve (AUC) and a positive likelihood ratio and that combined CpG 76–79 showed the highest AUC among all combinations. AUCs of consecutive CpG combinations tended to be higher for CpG 74–82 in exon 1 than for CpG 83–89 in intron 1. In conclusion, the methylation status at CpG sites in exon 1 was strongly associated with TVR reduction in glioblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom12101379
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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