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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia on Pulmonary Vascular and Systemic Diseases
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 16, No. 17 ( 2019-08-26), p. 3101-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 17 ( 2019-08-26), p. 3101-
    Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes many systemic disorders via mechanisms related to sympathetic nerve activation, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress. OSA typically shows repeated sleep apnea followed by hyperventilation, which results in intermittent hypoxia (IH). IH is associated with an increase in sympathetic activity, which is a well-known pathophysiological mechanism in hypertension and insulin resistance. In this review, we show the basic and clinical significance of IH from the viewpoint of not only systemic regulatory mechanisms focusing on pulmonary circulation, but also cellular mechanisms causing lifestyle-related diseases. First, we demonstrate how IH influences pulmonary circulation to cause pulmonary hypertension during sleep in association with sleep state-specific change in OSA. We also clarify how nocturnal IH activates circulating monocytes to accelerate the infiltration ability to vascular wall in OSA. Finally, the effects of IH on insulin secretion and insulin resistance are elucidated by using an in vitro chamber system that can mimic and manipulate IH. The obtained data implies that glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIS) in pancreatic β cells is significantly attenuated by IH, and that IH increases selenoprotein P, which is one of the hepatokines, as well as TNF-α, CCL-2, and resistin, members of adipokines, to induce insulin resistance via direct cellular mechanisms. Clinical and experimental findings concerning IH give us productive new knowledge of how lifestyle-related diseases and pulmonary hypertension develop during sleep.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173101
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CpG Site-Specific Regulation of Metallothionein-1 Gene Expression
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 17 ( 2020-08-19), p. 5946-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 17 ( 2020-08-19), p. 5946-
    Abstract: Metal-binding inducible proteins called metallothioneins (MTs) protect cells from heavy-metal toxicity. Their transcription is regulated by metal response element (MRE)-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF1), which is strongly recruited to MREs in the MT promoters, in response to Zn and Cd. Mouse Mt1 gene promoter contains 5 MREs (a–e), and MTF1 has the highest affinity to MREd. Epigenetic changes like DNA methylation might affect transcription and, therefore, the cytoprotective function of MT genes. To reveal the CpG site(s) critical for Mt1 transcription, we analyzed the methylation status of CpG dinucleotides in the Mt1 gene promoter through bisulfite sequencing in P1798 mouse lymphosarcoma cells, with high or low MT expression. We found demethylated CpG sites near MREd and MREe, in cells with high expression. Next, we compared Mt1 gene-promoter-driven Lucia luciferase gene expression in unmethylated and methylated reporter vectors. To clarify the effect of complete and partial CpG methylation, we used M.SssI (CG→5mCG) and HhaI (GCGC→G5mCGC)-methylated reporter vectors. Point mutation analysis revealed that methylation of a CpG site near MREd and MREe strongly inhibited Mt1 gene expression. Our results suggest that the methylation status of this site is important for the regulation of Mt1 gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175946
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between the Frequency of Protein-Rich Food Intakes and Kihon-Checklist Frailty Indices in Older Japanese Adults: The Kyoto-Kameoka Study
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2018-01-13), p. 84-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2018-01-13), p. 84-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu10010084
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    A U-Shaped Relationship between the Prevalence of Frailty and Body Mass Index in Community-Dwelling Japanese Older Adults: The Kyoto–Kameoka Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2020-05-06), p. 1367-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2020-05-06), p. 1367-
    Abstract: The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and frailty remains unclear. Using two validated frailty assessment tools, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of frailty and BMI in Japanese older adults. This cross-sectional study used baseline data of 7191 individuals aged ≥65 years, living in Kameoka City, Kyoto, Japan. The BMI was calculated based on self-reported height and body weight, and classified into six categories. Frailty was defined using two validated assessment tools, the Fried phenotype (FP) model and Kihon Checklist (KCL). We evaluated the relationship between frailty and BMI using a multivariate restricted cubic spline logistic regression. The prevalence of frailty defined using the FP model was 25.3%, 19.6%, 14.3%, 12.4%, 12.6%, and 19.4% for each BMI category of 〈 18.5, 18.5–19.9, 20.0–22.4, 22.5–24.9, 25.0–27.4, and ≥27.5 kg/m2, respectively. The spline model showed a significant U-shaped relationship between BMI and the prevalence of frailty defined using both, KCL and FP models. This study found that the BMI range corresponding to lowest prevalence of frailty defined using both tools was 21.4–25.7 kg/m2. Thus, a healthy BMI may reduce the prevalence of frailty, and the risk of frailty needs to be evaluated in individuals who are underweight or overweight.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051367
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Association between Mixing Ability of Masticatory Functions Measured Using Color-Changing Chewing Gum and Frailty among Japanese Older Adults: The Kyoto–Kameoka Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2020-06-24), p. 4555-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 12 ( 2020-06-24), p. 4555-
    Abstract: The relationship between mixing ability of masticatory functions and frailty has not been well evaluated. This study investigated the prevalence of physical and comprehensive frailty and its association with mixing ability in 1106 older adults aged ≥65 years who underwent physical examination as part of the Japanese Kyoto–Kameoka Study. Mixing ability was assessed using color-changing chewing gum (1–5 points, 5 representing the best mixing ability). Participants were divided into four groups (5 points, 4 points, 3 points, and 1 or 2 points). The modified Japanese versions of the Cardiovascular Health Study (mJ-CHS) criteria and the validated Kihon Checklist (KCL) were used to assess physical and comprehensive frailty, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between frailty and mixing ability. The prevalence of physical and comprehensive frailty was 11.8% and 27.9%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratios of physical and comprehensive frailty comparing the highest to the lowest chewing gum score groups were 3.64 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62 to 8.18; p for trend = 0.001) and 2.09 (95% CI: 1.09 to 4.03; p for trend = 0.009), respectively. Mixing-ability tests involving chewing gum may be an indicator associated with both physical and comprehensive frailty.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124555
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Can Hip-Knee Line Angle Distinguish the Size of Pelvic Incidence?—Development of Quick Noninvasive Assessment Tool for Pelvic Incidence Classification
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2022-01-26), p. 1387-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 3 ( 2022-01-26), p. 1387-
    Abstract: This study aimed to explore effective measurement angles for pelvic incidence (PI) classification and to develop a quick, noninvasive assessment tool for PI classification. We defined five variation types of hip–knee line (HKL) angles and tested the discrimination ability of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using 125 photographs of upright standing posture from the right lateral side. ROC analysis revealed an applicable HKL angle defined by the line connecting the most raised part of the buttock and the central point of the knee and the midthigh line. The acceptable cut-off points for discriminating small or large PIs in terms of HKL angle were 18.5° for small PI (sensitivity, 0.91; specificity, 0.79) and 21.5° for large PI discrimination (sensitivity, 0.74; specificity, 0.72). In addition, we devised a quick noninvasive assessment tool for PI classification using the cut-offs of the HKL angle with a view to practical application. The results of intra- and inter-rater reliability ensured a substantial/moderate level of the tool (Cohen’s kappa coefficient, 0.79; Fleiss’s kappa coefficient, 0.50–0.54). These results revealed that the HKL angle can distinguish the size of the PI with a high/moderate discrimination ability. Furthermore, the tool indicated acceptable inter-/intra-rater reliability for practical applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031387
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Changes in Eating Behaviors and Their Associations with Weight Loss in Japanese Patients Who Underwent Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-10), p. 353-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2023-01-10), p. 353-
    Abstract: Background: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has been established to provide long-term weight loss in severe obesity. In this study, we investigated the factors that affect post-operative weight loss, with a particular focus on changes in eating behaviors. Methods: Time-course changes in body weight and eating behaviors were examined in 49 Japanese patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy from the first visit to 12 months after surgery. Each eating behavior was evaluated via the questionnaire of the Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. Results: Pre-operative weight reduction mediated by dietary and lifestyle interventions showed significant positive correlations with weight loss outcomes at 12 months after surgery. We observed significant decreases in scores for most of the eating behaviors 12 months after surgery. However, “emotional eating behavior” scores declined temporarily in the early post-operative period of one month but thereafter returned to the pre-operative level at 12 months. Furthermore, increases in the scores for “emotional eating behavior” and “sense of hunger” from 1 to 12 months post-operatively were significantly associated with poor weight loss. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the beneficial effects of MBS on obesity-related eating behaviors, as well as highlighting “emotional eating behavior” as requiring particular attention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15020353
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Association between Habitual Green Tea Consumption and Comprehensive Frailty as Assessed by Kihon Checklist Indexes among an Older Japanese Population
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2021-11-19), p. 4149-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 11 ( 2021-11-19), p. 4149-
    Abstract: Background: It is unclear whether habitual green tea consumption is related to comprehensive frailty. Objectives: We conducted this study to investigate this relationship among an elderly Japanese population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of baseline data from 2012. The study included 5668 Japanese participants (2766 men and 2902 women aged 65 years or older). The subjects completed a validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire that included questions on their green tea consumption. We evaluated comprehensive frailty using a 25-item Kihon Checklist (KCL), which comprised seven domains (instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), physical function, malnutrition, oral or eating function, socialization and housebound, cognitive function, and depression). Frailty was defined as a KCL score greater than or equal to seven. Results: We found that a higher consumption of green tea was associated with a lower prevalence of comprehensive frailty in both sexes. Further age-stratified analysis showed that a higher consumption of green tea among women was associated with a lower prevalence of comprehensive frailty, regardless of age. In men, however, this association was found only in the older age groups. An analysis of the association between green tea consumption and the frailty subdomains showed that green tea consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of oral dysfunction and cognitive problems in both sexes. In addition, only in women was higher green tea consumption found to be associated with a lower prevalence of IADL and mobility-related disability problems. Conclusions: Green tea consumption is inversely associated with the prevalence of comprehensive frailty in Japanese men and women. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm this association.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu13114149
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Identification and Total Synthesis of Two Previously Unreported Odd-Chain Bis-Methylene-Interrupted Fatty Acids with a Terminal Olefin that Activate Protein Phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+-Dependent 1A (PPM1A) in Ovaries of the Limpet Cellana toreuma
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Marine Drugs Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2019-07-11), p. 410-
    Details
    In: Marine Drugs, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 7 ( 2019-07-11), p. 410-
    Abstract: Diverse non-methylene-interrupted (NMI) fatty acids (FAs) with odd-chain lengths have been recognized in triacylglycerols and polar lipids from the ovaries of the limpet Cellana toreuma, however their biological properties remain unclear. In this study, two previously unreported odd-chain NMI FAs, (12Z)-12,16-heptadecadienoic (1) and (14Z)-14,18-nonadecadienoic (2) acids, from the ovary lipids of C. toreuma were identified by a combination of equivalent chain length (ECL) values of their methyl esters and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of their 3-pyridylcarbinol derivatives. On the basis of the experimental results, both 1 and 2 were synthesized to prove their structural assignments and to test their biological activity. The ECL values and electron impact-mass (EI-MS) spectra of naturally occurring 1 and 2 were in agreement with those of the synthesized 1 and 2. In an in vitro assay, both 1 and 2 activated protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1A (PPM1A) up to 100 μM in a dose-dependent manner.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-3397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/md17070410
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175190-0
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Early Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Change at Four Weeks of the First-Line Treatment Using Abiraterone and Enzalutamide Could Predict Early/Primary Resistance in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Cancers Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-01-30), p. 526-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2021-01-30), p. 526-
    Abstract: The identification of early or primary resistance to androgen signaling inhibitors (ASIs) is of great value for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This study evaluates the predictive value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response at dour weeks of first-line ASIs treatment for mCRPC patients. A total of 254 patients treated with ASIs (abiraterone acetate: AA and enzalutamide: Enz) at the first-line treatment are retrospectively analyzed. Patients are stratified according to the achievement of 〉 30% PSA decline at 4 and 12 weeks from the treatment initiation. At four weeks of the treatment, 157 patients (61.8%) achieved 〉 30% PSA decline from the baseline. Thereafter, 177 patients (69.7%) achieved 〉 30% PSA decline at 12 weeks of the treatment. A multivariate analysis exhibits 〉 30% PSA decline at four weeks as an independent predictor for overall survival (OS). We note that 30 of 97 (30.9%) patients who did not achieve 〉 30% PSA decline at four weeks consequently achieved 〉 30% PSA decline at 12 weeks, and had a comparable favorable three years OS rate as the 147 patients achieving 〉 30% PSA decline at both 4 and 12 weeks. To identify the variables that discriminate the patient survival in 97 patients without achieving 〉 30% PSA decline at four weeks, a multivariate analysis is performed. The duration of androgen deprivation therapy before CRPC ≤ 12 months and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status ≥ 1 are identified as independent predictors for shorter OS for those patients. These data offer a concept of early treatment switch after four weeks of first-line ASIs when not observing 〉 30% PSA decline at four weeks—particularly in patients with a modest effect of ADT and poor performance status.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030526
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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