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  • MDPI AG  (89)
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of Models for Tumor Recurrence after Liver Transplantation for the Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multicenter Long-Term Follow-Up Study
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Cancers Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-09-03), p. 1295-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-09-03), p. 1295-
    Abstract: Background and Aims: Several models have been developed to predict tumor the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after liver transplantation besides the conventional Milan criteria (MC), including the MoRAL score. This study aimed to compare the prognostication power of the MoRAL score to most models designed so far in the Eastern and Western countries. Methods: This study included 564 patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in three large-volume hospitals in Korea. The primary and secondary endpoints were time-to-recurrence, and overall survival (OS), respectively. The performance of the MoRAL score was compared with those of other various Liver transplantation (LT) criteria, including the Milan criteria, University of California San Francisco (UCSF) criteria, up-to-seven criteria, Kyoto criteria, AFP model, total tumor volume/AFP criteria, Metroticket 2.0 model, and Weill Cornell Medical College group model. Results: The median follow-up duration was 78.1 months. Among all models assessed, the MoRAL score showed the best discrimination function for predicting the risk of tumor recurrence after LT, with c-index of 0.78, compared to other models (all p 〈 0.001). The MoRAL score also represented the best calibration function by Hosmer-Lemeshow test (p = 0.15). Especially in the beyond-MC sub-cohort, the MoRAL score predicted tumor recurrence (c-index, 0.80) and overall survival (OS) (c-index, 0.70) significantly better than any other models (all p 〈 0.001). When the MoRAL score was low ( 〈 314.8), the five-year cumulative risks of tumor recurrence and death were excellent in beyond-MC (27.8%, and 20.5%, respectively) and within-MC (16.3%, and 21.1%, respectively) sub-cohorts. Conclusions: The MoRAL score provides the most refined prognostication for predicting HCC recurrence after LDLT.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091295
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 2
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    Online Resource
    Novel Model to Predict HCC Recurrence after Liver Transplantation Obtained Using Deep Learning: A Multicenter Study
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-09-29), p. 2791-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-09-29), p. 2791-
    Abstract: Several models have been developed using conventional regression approaches to extend the criteria for liver transplantation (LT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond the Milan criteria. We aimed to develop a novel model to predict tumor recurrence after LT by adopting artificial intelligence (MoRAL-AI). This study included 563 patients who underwent LT for HCC at three large LT centers in Korea. Derivation (n = 349) and validation (n = 214) cohorts were independently established. The primary outcome was time-to-recurrence after LT. A MoRAL-AI was derived from the derivation cohort with a residual block-based deep neural network. The median follow-up duration was 74.7 months (interquartile-range, 18.5–107.4); 204 patients (36.2%) had HCC beyond the Milan criteria. The optimal model consisted of seven layers including two residual blocks. In the validation cohort, the MoRAL-AI showed significantly better discrimination function (c-index = 0.75) than the Milan (c-index = 0.64), MoRAL (c-index = 0.69), University of California San Francisco (c-index = 0.62), up-to-seven (c-index = 0.50), and Kyoto (c-index = 0.50) criteria (all p 〈 0.001). The largest weighted parameter in the MoRAL-AI was tumor diameter, followed by alpha-fetoprotein, age, and protein induced by vitamin K absence-II. The MoRAL-AI had better predictability of tumor recurrence after LT than conventional models. The MoRAL-AI can also evolve with further data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102791
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Associations of Food Insecurity with Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Risk of Low Muscle Strength
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-02-23), p. 1120-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-02-23), p. 1120-
    Abstract: Food insecurity refers to the uncertain availability of or limited access to nutritious food. Poor diets prevalent among food insecure populations may incite an inflammatory state and subsequently negatively affect skeletal muscle metabolism. To examine the inflammatory mechanistic potential of the association between food insecurity and the risk of low muscle strength, we analyzed cross-sectional data from 8624 adults aged ≥20 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2015. Household food security status was assessed using an 18-item food security survey module. The inflammatory potential of diets was estimated by the dietary inflammation index (DII). Low muscle strength was ascertained using hand grip strength. In the multivariable-adjusted model, greater food insecurity was significantly associated with a higher DII score and risk of low muscle strength. The multivariable-adjusted mean difference (95% confidence interval) on the DII, comparing the “moderate-to-severe” food insecurity group with the “food secure” group, was 0.43 (0.06–0.80) (P-trend: 〈 0.001) and the odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) of low muscle strength for the same comparison groups was 2.06 (1.07–3.96) (P-trend: 0.005). Our results suggest that individuals with greater food insecurity may be susceptible to diets with greater inflammatory potential, which may contribute to a loss of muscle strength.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15051120
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Association between Use of Nutrition Labels and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008–2019
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-04-21), p. 1731-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 9 ( 2022-04-21), p. 1731-
    Abstract: Nutrition labeling on food packages is increasingly found to promote healthier food choices associated with lower risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). To examine associations between nutrition labels use and CKD risk, we conducted a nationally representative cross-sectional study of 32,080 adults from the 2008–2019 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutrition labels use was collected via self-reported questionnaires. Ascertainment and severity of CKD was determined by estimated glomerular filtration rate or proteinuria. In multivariable-adjusted (MV) logistic regression models, increasing awareness and use of nutrition labels was significantly associated with lower CKD risk (MV-adjusted OR “nutrition labels aware and use” group vs. “nutrition labels unaware” group [95% CIs]: 0.75 [0.59–0.95] , Ptrend:0.03). This inverse association varied with CKD’s risk of progression, with 21% and 42% reduced risk observed for CKD subtypes with “moderate” and “high” risk of progression, respectively (all Ptrend ≤ 0.04). Furthermore, the nutrition labels use and CKD risk association significantly differed by age, with 35% reduced risk observed in the older group aged 49 years or older, but not in the younger group (Pinteraction 〈 0.001). Our results suggest increasing perception and use of nutrition labels may contribute to CKD prevention and its early asymptomatic progression, especially in older adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu14091731
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Identification of a Biomarker Panel for Diagnosis of Early Childhood Caries Using Salivary Metabolic Profile
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Metabolites Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-02-27), p. 356-
    Details
    In: Metabolites, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-02-27), p. 356-
    Abstract: Several studies have demonstrated that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolic profiles can differentiate patients with caries from healthy individuals; however, these studies only identified individual metabolites. The present study aimed to identify a salivary metabolite biomarker panel for the diagnosis of early childhood caries (ECC). Saliva samples from children with and without caries were analyzed using NMR spectroscopy. Multivariate and univariate analyses were performed to identify the discriminating metabolites. Selected metabolites were further evaluated and used to detect ECC. The saliva samples of children with ECC were characterized based on the increased levels of formate, glycerophosphocholine, and lactate and reduced levels of alanine, glycine, isoleucine, lysine, proline, and tyrosine. The levels of these metabolites were significantly different from those in the control in the ECC subgroup according to caries severity and correlated with the number of decayed and filled teeth or surfaces. Subsequently, an optimal salivary metabolite biomarker panel comprising formate, lactate, proline, and glycine was developed. This panel exhibited a better diagnostic performance for ECC than a single metabolite. These results demonstrate that salivary metabolic signatures can reflect oral conditions associated with dental caries, thereby emphasizing the importance of distinct salivary metabolic profiles as potential biomarkers of ECC.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-1989
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030356
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662251-8
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    (+)-Catechin Stereoisomer and Gallate Induce Oxidative Stress in Rat Aorta
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Molecules Vol. 27, No. 11 ( 2022-05-24), p. 3379-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 27, No. 11 ( 2022-05-24), p. 3379-
    Abstract: The goal of the work was to study changes in the activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aorta of rats after the intraperitoneal injection of stereoisomers of catechin and gallate. The activity of ACE in the aorta sections was determined by measuring the hydrolysis of hippuryl-l-histidyl-l-leucine. The production of ROS in the aorta sections was estimated from the oxidation of dichlorodihydrofluorescein. The time and dose dependences of the effect of catechin stereoisomers and gallate on ACE activity and ROS production in the aorta were studied. It was shown that (+)-catechin and gallate increased the ACE activity and ROS production, and (−)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin did not influence these parameters. The doses of (+)-catechin and gallate that increased the ACE activity to a half-maximal value (AD50) were 0.04 and 0.03 µg/kg, respectively. Fucoidin, a blocker of leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, reduced the ACE activity to the control level in the aortas of (+)-catechin-treated rats.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113379
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 7
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    Structural and Biophysical Analyses of Human N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 3 (NDRG3) Protein
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Biomolecules Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-01-06), p. 90-
    Details
    In: Biomolecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-01-06), p. 90-
    Abstract: The N-Myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family belongs to the α/β-hydrolase fold and is known to exert various physiologic functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, and hypoxia-induced cancer metabolism. In particular, NDRG3 is closely related to proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells, and recent studies reported its implication in lactate-triggered hypoxia responses or tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanism for the functions of NDRG3 remains unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of human NDRG3 at 2.2 Å resolution, with six molecules in an asymmetric unit. While NDRG3 adopts the α/β-hydrolase fold, complete substitution of the canonical catalytic triad residues to non-reactive residues and steric hindrance around the pseudo-active site seem to disable the α/β-hydrolase activity. While NDRG3 shares a high similarity to NDRG2 in terms of amino acid sequence and structure, NDRG3 exhibited remarkable structural differences in a flexible loop corresponding to helix α6 of NDRG2 that is responsible for tumor suppression. Thus, this flexible loop region seems to play a distinct role in oncogenic progression induced by NDRG3. Collectively, our studies could provide structural and biophysical insights into the molecular characteristics of NDRG3.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2218-273X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biom10010090
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2701262-1
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  • 8
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    Tumor-Stroma Crosstalk Enhances REG3A Expressions that Drive the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2020-01-11), p. 472-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 2 ( 2020-01-11), p. 472-
    Abstract: Abstract: Background: Crosstalk between tumors and their microenvironment plays a crucial role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is little existing information about the key signaling molecule that modulates tumor-stroma crosstalk. Methods: Complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analysis was performed to identify the key molecule in tumor-stroma crosstalk. Subcutaneous xenograft in vivo murine model, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and real-time polymerase chain reaction using HCC cells and tissues were performed. Results: The key molecule, regenerating gene protein-3A (REG3A), was most significantly enhanced when coculturing HCC cells and activated human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) (+8.2 log) compared with monoculturing HCC cells using cDNA microarray analysis. Downregulation of REG3A using small interfering RNA significantly decreased the proliferation of HSC-cocultured HCC cells in vitro and in vivo, and enhanced deoxycholic acid-induced HCC cell apoptosis. Crosstalk-induced REG3A upregulation was modulated by platelet-derived growth factor ββ (PDGF-ββ) in p42/44-dependent manner. REG3A mRNA levels in human HCC tissues were upregulated 1.8-fold compared with non-tumor tissues and positively correlated with PDGF-ββ levels. Conclusions: REG3A/p42/44 pathway/PDGF-ββ signaling plays a significant role in hepatocarcinogenesis via tumor-stroma crosstalk. Targeting REG3A is a potential novel therapeutic target for the management of HCCs by inhibiting crosstalk between HCC cells and HSCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020472
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Meal-Based Intervention on Health Promotion in Middle-Aged Women: A Pilot Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-04-27), p. 2108-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 9 ( 2023-04-27), p. 2108-
    Abstract: Middle-aged women belong to a risk group for metabolic dysregulation and menopausal symptoms, mainly due to a dramatic hormonal shift. Supplementation with functional compounds or a single nutrient has been dominantly explored as a nutritional approach for improving aging-related health parameters. However, a meal-based approach might be another strategy for promoting the overall health of the target population. This pilot study aimed to develop a meal-based intervention for middle-aged women and to evaluate its potential health benefits. Considering the nutrient intake status of Korean middle-aged women, diets enriched with four major nutrients (isoflavone, omega-3, fiber, and calcium) were designed and provided to forty-nine women aged 50 to 65 with mild levels of menopausal symptoms for 8 weeks. In the post-intervention phase, they showed reduced body weight and body fat, and improved biochemical metabolic parameters with decreased levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, ApoB, and fasting insulin. Moreover, bone resorption markers and menopause symptoms were lower in the post-intervention phase. In conclusion, the meal-based intervention might be a prominent strategy for overall health promotion in relatively healthy middle-aged women and further investigation is needed to test its efficacy with a randomized controlled study.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu15092108
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 10
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    Rapid Simulation of Optimally Responsive Façade during Schematic Design Phases: Use of a New Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithm
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-05-10), p. 2681-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2019-05-10), p. 2681-
    Abstract: Operation of environmentally responsive building components requires rapid prediction of the optimal adaptation of geometric shapes and positions, and such responsive configuration needs to be identified during the design process as early as possible. However, building simulation practices to characterize optimized shapes of various geometric design candidates are limited by complex simulation procedures, slow optimization, and lack of site information. This study suggests a practical approach to the design of responsive building façades by integrating on-site sensors, building performance simulation (BPS), machine-learning, and 3D geometry modeling on a unified design interface. To this end, a novel and efficient hybrid optimization algorithm, tabu-based adaptive pattern search simulated annealing (T-APSSA), was developed and integrated with wireless sensor data communication (using nRF24L01 and ESP8266 WiFi modules) on a parametric visual programming language (VPL) interface Rhino Grasshopper (0.9.0076, McNeel, Seattle, USA). The effectiveness of T-APSSA for early-stage BPS and optimal design is compared with other metaheuristic algorithms, and the proposed framework is validated by experimental optimal envelope (window shading) designs for single (daylight) and multiple (daylight and energy) objectives. Test results demonstrate the improved efficiency of T-APSSA in calculations (two to four times faster than other algorithms). This T-APSSA-integrated sensor-enabled design optimization practice supports rapid BPS and digital prototyping of responsive building façade design.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su11092681
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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