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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Association between Parkinson’s Disease and Congestive Heart Failure in Korea: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-09-05), p. 1357-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2023-09-05), p. 1357-
    Abstract: The purpose of this nationwide longitudinal follow-up study is to investigate the relationship between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) patients in Korea. Patient data were collected using the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) Health Screening (HEALS) cohort. The International Classification of Diseases 10-CM code G-20 distinguished 6475 PD patients who were enrolled in the PD group. After removing 1039 patients who were not hospitalized or attended an outpatient clinic less than twice, the total number of participants was reduced to 5436 individuals. Then, 177 patients diagnosed before 1 January 2004 were removed for relevancy, leaving us with 5259 PD patients. After case–control matching was completed using 1:5 age- and gender-coordinated matching, 26,295 people were chosen as part of the control group. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and the Kaplan–Meier technique were used to assess the risk of CHF in patients with Parkinson’s disease. After controlling for age and gender, the hazard ratio of CHF in the PD group was 5.607 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.496–6.993). After that, the hazard ratio of CHF in the PD group was modified against for comorbid medical disorders, resulting in a value of 5.696 (95% CI, 4.566–7.107). In subgroup analysis, CHF incidence rates were significantly increased in the PD group compared to the control group (males and females; aged ≥ 65 and 〈 65; the non-diabetes and diabetes, hypertension and non-hypertension, and dyslipidemia and non-dyslipidemia subgroups). This nationwide longitudinal study shows a higher incidence rate of CHF in PD patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm13091357
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662248-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Combined Treatment with Fasudil and Menthol Improves Functional Recovery in Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Biomedicines Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2020-07-31), p. 258-
    Details
    In: Biomedicines, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2020-07-31), p. 258-
    Abstract: Neuroprotective measures by preventing secondary spinal cord injury (SCI) are one of the main strategies for repairing an injured spinal cord. Fasudil and menthol may be potent neuroprotective agents, which act by inhibiting a rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and suppressing the inflammatory response, respectively. We hypothesized that combined treatment of fasudil and menthol could improve functional recovery by decreasing inflammation, apoptosis, and glial scar formation. We tested our hypothesis by administering fasudil and menthol intraperitoneally (i.p.) to female Sprague Dawley rats after moderate static compression (35 g of impounder for 5 min) of T10 spinal cord. The rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups: (i) sham animals received laminectomy alone, (ii) injured (SCI) and untreated (saline 0.2 mL/day, i.p.) rats, (iii) injured (SCI) rats treated with fasudil (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for two weeks, (iv) injured (SCI) rats treated with menthol (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for twoweeks, (v) injured (SCI) rats treated with fasudil (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) and menthol (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for two weeks. Compared to single treatment groups, combined treatment of fasudil and menthol demonstrated significant functional recovery and pain amelioration, which, thereby, significantly reduced inflammation, apoptosis, and glial/fibrotic scar formation. Therefore, combined treatment of fasudil and menthol may provide effective amelioration of spinal cord dysfunction by a synergistic effect of fasudil and menthol.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9059
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080258
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720867-9
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  • 3
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    Safety and Tolerability of Stromal Vascular Fraction Combined with β-Tricalcium Phosphate in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Phase I Clinical Trial
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cells Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-10-08), p. 2250-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 10 ( 2020-10-08), p. 2250-
    Abstract: The rates of pseudarthrosis remain high despite recent advances in bone graft substitutes for spinal fusion surgery. The aim of this single center, non-randomized, open-label clinical trial was to determine the feasibility of combined use of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) for patients who require posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and pedicle screw fixation. Two polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages were inserted into the intervertebral space following complete removal of the intervertebral disc. The PEEK cage (SVF group) on the right side of the patient was filled with β-TCP in combination with SVF, and the cage on the left side (control group) was filled with β-TCP alone. Fusion rate and cage subsidence were assessed by lumbar spine X-ray and CT at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. At the 6-month follow-up, 54.5% of the SVF group (right-sided cages) and 18.2% of the control group (left-sided cages) had radiologic evidence of bone fusion (p = 0.151). The 12-month fusion rate of the right-sided cages was 100%, while that of the left-sided cages was 91.6% (p = 0.755). Cage subsidence was not observed. Perioperative combined use of SVF with β-TCP is feasible and safe in patients who require spinal fusion surgery, and it has the potential to increase the early bone fusion rate following spinal fusion surgery.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells9102250
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    3’-UTR Polymorphisms of Vitamin B-Related Genes Are Associated with Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures (OVCFs) in Postmenopausal Women
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Genes Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2020-06-02), p. 612-
    Details
    In: Genes, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2020-06-02), p. 612-
    Abstract: As life expectancy increases, the prevalence of osteoporosis is increasing. In addition to vitamin D which is well established to have an association with osteoporosis, B vitamins, such as thiamine, folate (vitamin B9), and cobalamin (vitamin B12), could affect bone metabolism, bone quality, and fracture risk in humans by influencing homocysteine/folate metabolism. Despite the crucial role of B vitamins in bone metabolism, there are few studies regarding associations between B vitamin-related genes and osteoporosis. In this study, we investigated the genetic association of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 3’-untranslated regions of vitamin B-related genes, including TCN2 (encodes transcobalamin II), CD320 (encodes transcobalamin II receptor), SLC19A1 (encodes reduced folate carrier protein 1), and SLC19A2 (encodes thiamine carrier 1), with osteoporosis and osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). We recruited 301 postmenopausal women and performed genotyping of CD320 rs9426 C 〉 T, TCN2 rs10418 C 〉 T, SLC19A1 rs1051296 G 〉 T, and SLC19A2 rs16862199 C 〉 T using a polymerization chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. There was a significantly higher incidence of both osteoporosis (AOR 5.019; 95% CI, 1.533–16.430, p 〈 0.05) and OVCF (AOR, 5.760; 95% CI, 1.480–22.417, p 〈 0.05) in individuals with genotype CD320 CT+TT and high homocysteine concentrations. Allele combination analysis revealed that two combinations, namely CD320 C-TCN2 T-SLC19A1 T-SLC19A2 C (OR, 3.244; 95% CI, 1.478–7.120, p 〈 0.05) and CD320 T-TCN2 C-SLC19A1 G-SLC19A2 C (OR, 2.287; 95% CI, 1.094–4.782, p 〈 0.05), were significantly more frequent among the osteoporosis group. Our findings suggest that SNPs within the CD320 gene in 3´-UTR may contribute to osteoporosis and OVCF occurrences in some individuals. Furthermore, specific allele combinations of CD320, TCN2, SLC19A1, and SLC19A2 may contribute to increased susceptibility to osteoporosis and OVCF.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4425
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/genes11060612
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527218-4
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  • 5
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    Ku-Band 50 W GaN HEMT Power Amplifier Using Asymmetric Power Combining of Transistor Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2018-11-24), p. 619-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2018-11-24), p. 619-
    Abstract: In this paper, we present a Ku-band 50 W internally-matched power amplifier that asymmetrically combines the power transistor cells of the GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) (CGHV1J070D) from Wolfspeed. The amplifier is designed using a large-signal transistor cell model in the foundry process, and asymmetric power combining, which consists of a slit pattern, oblique wire bonding and an asymmetric T-junction, is applied to obtain the amplitude/phase balance of the combined signals at the transistor cell combining position. Input and output matching circuits are implemented using a thin film process on a titanate substrate and an alumina substrate with the relative dielectric constants of 40 and 9.8, respectively. The pulsed measurement of a 330 μs pulse period and 6% duty cycle shows the maximum saturated output power of 57 to 66 W, drain efficiency of 40.3 to 46.7%, and power gain of 5.3 to 6.0 dB at power saturation from 16.2 to 16.8 GHz.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi9120619
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Compact 20-W GaN Internally Matched Power Amplifier for 2.5 GHz to 6 GHz Jammer Systems
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Micromachines Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2020-04-02), p. 375-
    Details
    In: Micromachines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2020-04-02), p. 375-
    Abstract: In this paper, we demonstrate a compact 20-W GaN internally matched power amplifier for 2.5 to 6 GHz jammer systems which uses a high dielectric constant substrate, single-layer capacitors, and shunt/series resistors for low-Q matching and low-frequency stabilization. A GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) CGH60030D bare die from Wolfspeed was used as an active device, and input/output matching circuits were implemented on two different substrates using a thin-film process, relative dielectric constants of which were 9.8 and 40, respectively. A series resistor of 2.1 Ω was chosen to minimize the high-frequency loss and obtain a flat gain response. For the output matching circuit, double λ/4 shorted stubs were used to supply the drain current and reduce the output impedance variation of the transistor between the low-frequency and high-frequency regions, which also made wideband matching feasible. Single-layer capacitors effectively helped reduce the size of the matching circuit. The fabricated GaN internally matched power amplifier showed a linear gain of about 10.2 dB, and had an output power of 43.3–43.9 dBm (21.4–24.5 W), a power-added efficiency of 33.4–49.7% and a power gain of 6.2–8.3 dB at the continuous-wave output power condition, from 2.5 to 6 GHz.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-666X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/mi11040375
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2620864-7
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  • 7
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    Nucleic Acid Testing of SARS-CoV-2
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2021-06-07), p. 6150-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 11 ( 2021-06-07), p. 6150-
    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a large global outbreak. It is accordingly important to develop accurate and rapid diagnostic methods. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method including reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most widely used assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Along with the RT-PCR method, digital PCR has emerged as a powerful tool to quantify nucleic acid of the virus with high accuracy and sensitivity. Non-PCR based techniques such as reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) are considered to be rapid and simple nucleic acid detection methods and were reviewed in this paper. Non-conventional molecular diagnostic methods including next-generation sequencing (NGS), CRISPR-based assays and nanotechnology are improving the accuracy and sensitivity of COVID-19 diagnosis. In this review, we also focus on standardization of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing and the activity of the National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and highlight resources such as reference materials (RM) that provide the values of specified properties. Finally, we summarize the useful resources for convenient COVID-19 molecular diagnostics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116150
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Preparation and Characterization of Thermoelectric PEDOT/Te Nanorod Array Composite Films
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2021-12-25), p. 148-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2021-12-25), p. 148-
    Abstract: In this study, we prepared Te nanorod arrays via a galvanic displacement reaction (GDR) on a Si wafer, and their composite with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) were successfully synthesized by electrochemical polymerization with lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) as a counter ion. The thermoelectric performance of the composite film was optimized by adjusting the polymerization time. As a result, a maximum power factor (PF) of 235 µW/mK2 was obtained from a PEDOT/Te composite film electrochemically polymerized for 15 s at room temperature, which was 11.7 times higher than that of the PEDOT film, corresponding to a Seebeck coefficient (S) of 290 µV/K and electrical conductivity (σ) of 28 S/cm. This outstanding PF was due to the enhanced interface interaction and carrier energy filtering effect at the interfacial potential barrier between the PEDOT and Te nanorods. This study demonstrates that the combination of an inorganic Te nanorod array with electrodeposited PEDOT is a promising strategy for developing high-performance thermoelectric materials.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma15010148
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 9
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    A DO- and pH-Based Early Warning System of Nitrification Inhibition for Biological Nitrogen Removal Processes
    MDPI AG ; 2012
    In:  Sensors Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2012-11-26), p. 16334-16352
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2012-11-26), p. 16334-16352
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s121216334
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 10
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    Diagnostic Utility and Pathogenic Role of Circulating MicroRNAs in Vasospastic Angina
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2020-05-02), p. 1313-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2020-05-02), p. 1313-
    Abstract: We investigated the diagnostic value and pathophysiological role of circulating microRNA (miR) in vasospastic angina (VA). We enrolled patients who underwent coronary angiography for chest pain to explore the miR’s diagnostic utility. In addition, we investigated the role of miRs in regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells (hCAECs). Among the 121 patients, 46 were diagnosed with VA (VA group), 26 with insignificant coronary lesions (ICL group), and 49 with atherothrombotic angina (AA group). The VA group showed a significantly higher expression of miR-17-5p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-126-3p than the ICL group. In contrast, miR-221-3p and miR-222-3p were upregulated in the AA group compared to the VA group, and all levels of miR-17-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-221-3p, and miR-222-3p differed between the AA group and the ICL group. In the hCAECs, transfection with mimics (pre-miR) of miR-17-5p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-126-3p was associated with eNOS suppression. Additionally, transfection with inhibitors (anti-miR) of miR-92a-3p significantly rescued the eNOS suppression induced by lipopolysaccharide. In conclusion, the circulating miRs not only proved to have diagnostic utility, but also contributed to pathogenesis by eNOS regulation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051313
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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