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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of Fused Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Using Unenhanced MRI and Abbreviated Post-Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Patients with Breast Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Medicina Vol. 59, No. 9 ( 2023-08-28), p. 1563-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 59, No. 9 ( 2023-08-28), p. 1563-
    Abstract: Background and Objectives: To determine the percentage of breast cancers detectable by fused diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and abbreviated post-contrast-enhanced MRI. Materials and Methods: Between October 2016 and October 2017, 194 consecutive women (mean age, 54.2 years; age range, 28–82 years) with newly diagnosed unilateral breast cancer, who underwent preoperative 3.0 T breast MRI with DWI, were evaluated. Both fused DWI and abbreviated MRI were independently reviewed by two radiologists for the detection of index cancer (which showed the most suspicious findings in both breasts), location, lesion conspicuity, lesion type, and lesion size. Moreover, the relationship between cancer detection and histopathological results of surgical specimens was evaluated. Results: Index cancer detection rates were comparable between fused DWI and abbreviated MRI (radiologist 1: 174/194 [89.7%] vs. 184/194 [94.8%], respectively, p = 0.057; radiologist 2: 174/194 [89.7%] vs. 183/194 [94.3%], respectively, p = 0.092). In both radiologists, abbreviated MRI showed a significantly higher lesion conspicuity than fused DWI (radiologist 1: 9.37 ± 2.24 vs. 8.78 ± 3.03, respectively, p 〈 0.001; radiologist 2: 9.16 ± 2.32 vs. 8.39 ± 2.93, respectively, p 〈 0.001). The κ value for the interobserver agreement of index cancer detection was 0.67 on fused DWI and 0.85 on abbreviated MRI. For lesion conspicuity, the intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.72 on fused DWI and 0.82 on abbreviated MRI. Among the histopathological factors, tumor invasiveness was associated with cancer detection on both fused DWI (p = 0.011) and abbreviated MRI (p = 0.004, radiologist 1), lymphovascular invasion on abbreviated MRI (p = 0.032, radiologist 1), and necrosis on fused DWI (p = 0.031, radiologist 2). Conclusions: Index cancer detection was comparable between fused DWI and abbreviated MRI, although abbreviated MRI showed a significantly better lesion conspicuity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091563
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 2
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    Torsional Fracture Resistance of Niti Rotary Glide Path Files under Flexural Stress
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-06-18), p. 6214-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 12 ( 2022-06-18), p. 6214-
    Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of flexural stress on the torsional fracture resistance of NiTi glide path files. PathFile #16/02, RaCe #15/04, RaCe Evo #15/04, HyFlex EDM #15/03, TruNatomy Glider #17/02, and V Taper 2H #17/04 were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (n = 3/brand) and subjected to differential scanning calorimetry (n = 2/brand). Torsional fracture resistance testing was performed in straight (ISO 3630-1) and flexural modes (n = 15/brand/mode). Flexural mode testing involved instruments rotating within a stainless-steel artificial double-curved canal. Ultimate strength and distortion angle until failure were recorded, and fractured instruments were examined by SEM. Statistical analyses involved independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance with Games–Howell pots hoc test. Austenitic transformation- finishing temperatures of heat-treated files were above body temperature. For RaCe Evo, HyFlex EDM, TruNatomy Glider, and V Taper 2H, the flexural mode resulted in a significantly higher distortion angle compared to the straight mode (p 〈 0.05). The maximum torque of RaCe Evo, HyFlex EDM increased with the flexural stress (p 〈 0.05). V taper 2H showed the highest distortion angle and ultimate strength. SEM showed typical patterns of torsional fracture for all tested files. The flexural stress positively affected distortion angle of heat-treated NiTi glide path files.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12126214
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 3
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    Unsupervised Learning Based on Multiple Descriptors for WSIs Diagnosis
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Diagnostics Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-16), p. 1480-
    Details
    In: Diagnostics, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 6 ( 2022-06-16), p. 1480-
    Abstract: An automatic pathological diagnosis is a challenging task because histopathological images with different cellular heterogeneity representations are sometimes limited. To overcome this, we investigated how the holistic and local appearance features with limited information can be fused to enhance the analysis performance. We propose an unsupervised deep learning model for whole-slide image diagnosis, which uses stacked autoencoders simultaneously feeding multiple-image descriptors such as the histogram of oriented gradients and local binary patterns along with the original image to fuse the heterogeneous features. The pre-trained latent vectors are extracted from each autoencoder, and these fused feature representations are utilized for classification. We observed that training with additional descriptors helps the model to overcome the limitations of multiple variants and the intricate cellular structure of histopathology data by various experiments. Our model outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches by achieving the highest accuracies of 87.2 for ICIAR2018, 94.6 for Dartmouth, and other significant metrics for public benchmark datasets. Our model does not rely on a specific set of pre-trained features based on classifiers to achieve high performance. Unsupervised spaces are learned from the number of independent multiple descriptors and can be used with different variants of classifiers to classify cancer diseases from whole-slide images. Furthermore, we found that the proposed model classifies the types of breast and lung cancer similar to the viewpoint of pathologists by visualization. We also designed our whole-slide image processing toolbox to extract and process the patches from whole-slide images.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4418
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061480
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662336-5
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  • 4
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    Neuroprotective Effects of Davallia mariesii Roots and Its Active Constituents on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in In Vivo and In Vitro Studies
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 16, No. 11 ( 2023-11-14), p. 1606-
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 16, No. 11 ( 2023-11-14), p. 1606-
    Abstract: Beta-amyloid (Aβ) proteins, major contributors to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), are overproduced and accumulate as oligomers and fibrils. These protein accumulations lead to significant changes in neuronal structure and function, ultimately resulting in the neuronal cell death observed in AD. Consequently, substances that can inhibit Aβ production and/or accumulation are of great interest for AD prevention and treatment. In the course of an ongoing search for natural products, the roots of Davallia mariesii T. Moore ex Baker were selected as a promising candidate with anti-amyloidogenic effects. The ethanol extract of D. mariesii roots, along with its active constituents, not only markedly reduced Aβ production by decreasing β-secretase expression in APP–CHO cells (Chinese hamster ovary cells which stably express amyloid precursor proteins), but also exhibited the ability to diminish Aβ aggregation while enhancing the disaggregation of Aβ aggregates, as determined through the Thioflavin T (Th T) assay. Furthermore, in an in vivo study, the extract of D. mariesii roots showed potential (a tendency) for mitigating scopolamine-induced memory impairment, as evidenced by results from the Morris water maze test and the passive avoidance test, which correlated with reduced Aβ deposition. Additionally, the levels of acetylcholine were significantly elevated, and acetylcholinesterase levels significantly decreased in the brains of mice (whole brains). The treatment with the extract of D. mariesii roots also led to upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) in the hippocampal region. These findings suggest that the extract of D. mariesii roots, along with its active constituents, may offer neuroprotective effects against AD. Consequently, there is potential for the development of the extract of D. mariesii roots and its active constituents as effective therapeutic or preventative agents for AD.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph16111606
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
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    Feasibility Study of Extended-Gate-Type Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors for Neural Recording
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Sensors Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2017-03-28), p. 705-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 17, No. 4 ( 2017-03-28), p. 705-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s17040705
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 6
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    Development and Validation of SNP and InDel Markers for Pod-Shattering Tolerance in Soybean
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 4 ( 2022-02-21), p. 2382-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 4 ( 2022-02-21), p. 2382-
    Abstract: Pod-shattering causes a significant yield loss in many soybean cultivars. Shattering-tolerant cultivars provide the most effective approach to minimizing this loss. We developed molecular markers for pod-shattering and validated them in soybeans with diverse genetic backgrounds. The genes Glyma.16g141200, Glyma.16g141500, and Glyma.16g076600, identified in our previous study by quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and whole-genome resequencing, were selected for marker development. The whole-genome resequencing of three parental lines (one shattering-tolerant and two shattering-susceptible) identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and/or insertion/deletion (InDel) regions within or near the selected genes. Two SNPs and one InDel were converted to Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) and InDel markers, respectively. The accuracy of the markers was examined in the two recombinant inbred line populations used for the QTL mapping, as well as the 120 varieties and elite lines, through allelic discrimination and phenotyping by the oven-drying method. Both types of markers successfully discriminated the pod shattering-tolerant and shattering-susceptible genotypes. The prediction accuracy, which was as high as 90.9% for the RILs and was 100% for the varieties and elite lines, also supported the accuracy and usefulness of these markers. Thus, the markers can be used effectively for genetic and genomic studies and the marker-assisted selection for pod-shattering tolerance in soybean.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042382
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    PKR-Mediated Phosphorylation of eIF2a and CHK1 Is Associated with Doxorubicin-Mediated Apoptosis in HCC1143 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-14), p. 15872-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 24 ( 2022-12-14), p. 15872-
    Abstract: Triple-negative breast cancer is more aggressive than other types of breast cancer. Protein kinase R (PKR), which is activated by dsRNA, is known to play a role in doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis; however, its role in DNA damage-mediated apoptosis is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of PKR and its downstream players in doxorubicin-treated HCC1143 triple-negative breast cancer cells. Doxorubicin treatment induces DNA damage and apoptosis. Interestingly, doxorubicin treatment induced the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) via PKR, whereas the inhibition of PKR with inhibitor C16 reduced eIF2α phosphorylation. Under these conditions, doxorubicin-mediated DNA fragmentation, cell death, and poly(ADP ribose) polymerase and caspase 7 levels were recovered. In addition, phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), which is known to be involved in doxorubicin-mediated DNA damage, was increased by doxorubicin treatment, but blocked by PKR inhibition. Protein translation was downregulated by doxorubicin treatment and upregulated by blocking PKR phosphorylation. These results suggest that PKR activation induces apoptosis by increasing the phosphorylation of eIF2α and CHK1 and decreasing the global protein translation in doxorubicin-treated HCC1143 triple-negative breast cancer cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415872
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
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  • 8
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    Survival in Korean Patients with Frontotemporal Dementia Syndrome: Association with Behavioral Features and Parkinsonism
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2022-04-18), p. 2260-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 8 ( 2022-04-18), p. 2260-
    Abstract: We investigated the survival time of each clinical syndrome of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and the impacts of behavioral and motor features on survival of FTD. A total of 216 patients with FTD [82 behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), 78 semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), 43 non-fluent/agrammatic variant PPA (nfvPPA), 13 FTD-motor neuron disease (MND)] were enrolled from 16 centers across Korea. Behaviors and parkinsonism were assessed using the Frontal Behavioral Inventory and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III, respectively. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for the survival analysis and the Cox proportional hazards model was applied for analysis of the effect of behavioral and motor symptoms on survival, after controlling vascular risk factors and cancer. An overall median survival of FTD was 12.1 years. The survival time from onset was shortest for FTD-MND and longest for svPPA. The median survival time of patients with bvFTD was unavailable but likely comparable to that of patients with nfvPPA. In the bvFTD group, negative behavioral symptoms and akinetic rigidity were significantly associated with survival. In the nfvPPA group, the presence of dysarthria had a negative impact on survival. These findings provide useful information to clinicians planning for care.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082260
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 9
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    All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Death between Statins and Omega-3 Supplementation: A Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Analysis from 55 Randomized Controlled Trials
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Nutrients Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-10-20), p. 3203-
    Details
    In: Nutrients, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2020-10-20), p. 3203-
    Abstract: Statins and omega-3 supplementation have shown potential benefits in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD), but their comparative effects on mortality outcomes, in addition to primary and secondary prevention and mixed population, have not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the effect of statins and omega-3 supplementation and indirectly compare the effects of statin use and omega-3 fatty acids on all-cause mortality and CVD death. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from meta-analyses published until December 2019. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to indirectly compare the effect of statin use versus omega-3 supplementation in a frequentist network meta-analysis. In total, 55 RCTs were included in the final analysis. Compared with placebo, statins were significantly associated with a decreased the risk of all-cause mortality (RR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.86–0.94) and CVD death (RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.80–0.92), while omega-3 supplementation showed a borderline effect on all-cause mortality (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94–1.01) but were significantly associated with a reduced risk of CVD death (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.87–0.98) in the meta-analysis. The network meta-analysis found that all-cause mortality was significantly different between statin use and omega-3 supplementation for overall population (RR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.85–0.98), but borderline for primary prevention and mixed population and nonsignificant for secondary prevention. Furthermore, there were borderline differences between statin use and omega-3 supplementation in CVD death in the total population (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.82–1.04) and primary prevention (RR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.68–1.05), but nonsignificant differences in secondary prevention (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.66–1.43) and mixed population (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.75–1.14). To summarize, statin use might be associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality than omega-3 supplementation. Future direct comparisons between statin use and omega-3 supplementation are required to confirm the findings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6643
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nu12103203
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518386-2
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  • 10
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    Synthetic Human β Defensin-3-C15 Peptide in Endodontics: Potential Therapeutic Agent in Streptococcus gordonii Lipoprotein-Stimulated Human Dental Pulp-Derived Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20), p. 71-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2019-12-20), p. 71-
    Abstract: Human β defensin-3-C15, an epithelium-derived cationic peptide that has antibacterial/antifungal and immuno-regulatory properties, is getting attention as potential therapeutic agent in endodontics. This study aimed to investigate if synthetic human β defensin-3-C15 (HBD3-C15) peptides could inhibit inflammatory responses in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs), which had been induced by gram-positive endodontic pathogen. hDPC explant cultures were stimulated with Streptococcus gordonii lipoprotein extracts for 24 h to induce expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. The cells were then treated with either HBD3-C15 (50 μg/mL) or calcium hydroxide (CH, 100 μg/mL) as control for seven days, to assess their anti-inflammatory effects. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses and multiplex assays showed that S. gordonii lipoprotein induced the inflammatory reaction in hDPCs. There was a significant reduction of IL-8 and MCP-1 within 24 h of treatment with either CH or HBD3-C15 (p 〈 0.05), which was sustained over 1 week of treatment. Alleviation of inflammation in both medications was related to COX-2 expression and PGE2 secretion (p 〈 0.05), rather than TLR2 changes (p 〉 0.05). These findings demonstrate comparable effects of CH and HDB3-C15 as therapeutic agents for inflamed hDPCs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010071
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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