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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Automatic Pest Counting from Pheromone Trap Images Using Deep Learning Object Detectors for Matsucoccus thunbergianae Monitoring
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Insects Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-04-12), p. 342-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2021-04-12), p. 342-
    Abstract: The black pine bast scale, M. thunbergianae, is a major insect pest of black pine and causes serious environmental and economic losses in forests. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the occurrence and population of M. thunbergianae, and a monitoring method using a pheromone trap is commonly employed. Because the counting of insects performed by humans in these pheromone traps is labor intensive and time consuming, this study proposes automated deep learning counting algorithms using pheromone trap images. The pheromone traps collected in the field were photographed in the laboratory, and the images were used for training, validation, and testing of the detection models. In addition, the image cropping method was applied for the successful detection of small objects in the image, considering the small size of M. thunbergianae in trap images. The detection and counting performance were evaluated and compared for a total of 16 models under eight model conditions and two cropping conditions, and a counting accuracy of 95% or more was shown in most models. This result shows that the artificial intelligence-based pest counting method proposed in this study is suitable for constant and accurate monitoring of insect pests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects12040342
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 2
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    Temporal Variation Dominates in Local Carabid Beetle Communities in Korean Mountains
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Insects Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2021-11-12), p. 1019-
    Details
    In: Insects, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 11 ( 2021-11-12), p. 1019-
    Abstract: Spatial and temporal variation in ecological environments may result in spatial and temporal variation in communities. Temporal studies of biodiversity are essential for forecasting future changes in community structure and ecosystem function. Therefore, determining the mechanisms that drive temporal change in communities remains an important and interesting challenge in ecology. We quantified spatial and temporal variations in carabid beetle communities and site-specific environmental factors for 5 years at nine study sites on three mountains in the Baekdudaegan Mountain Range, Korea. Carabid beetle communities exhibited significant temporal variation, which was larger than spatial variations between and within mountains. Environmental factors mostly varied between sites within mountains. Community variation was only weakly associated with environmental factors at wide scales, i.e., between sites on three mountains, but was strongly associated at narrow spatial scales, i.e., between sites within one mountain. Our results indicate that temporal variation in communities occurs in response to variations in the local climate, and that the patterns of temporal variation differ between mountains. Thus, temporal surveys of insect communities and climates at local scales are important for predicting temporal changes in the communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4450
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/insects12111019
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662247-6
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Polymorphisms in DNA Repair Genes and MDR1 and the Risk for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
    MDPI AG ; 2014
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2014-04-21), p. 6703-6716
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 4 ( 2014-04-21), p. 6703-6716
    Abstract: The damage caused by oxidative stress and exposure to cigarette smoke and alcohol necessitate DNA damage repair and transport by multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1). To explore the association between polymorphisms in these genes and non-Hodgkin lymphoma risk, we analyzed 15 polymorphisms of 12 genes in a population-based study in Korea (694 cases and 1700 controls). Four genotypes of DNA repair pathway genes (XRCC1 399 GA, OGG1 326 GG, BRCA1 871 TT, and WRN 787 TT) were associated with a decreased risk for NHL [odds ratio (OR)XRCC1 GA = 0.80, p = 0.02; OROGG1 GG = 0.70, p = 0.008; ORBRCA1 TT = 0.71, p = 0.048; ORWRN TT = 0.68, p = 0.01]. Conversely, the MGMT 115 CT genotype was associated with an increased risk for NHL (OR = 1.25, p = 0.04). In the MDR1 gene, the 1236 CC genotype was associated with a decreased risk for NHL (OR = 0.74, p = 0.04), and the 3435 CT and TT genotypes were associated with an increased risk (OR3435CT = 1.50, p 〈 0.0001; OR3435TT = 1.43, p = 0.02). These results suggest that polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes XRCC1, OGG1, BRCA1, WRN1, and MGMT and in the MDR1 gene may affect the risk for NHL in Korean patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046703
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Nidus vespae Built by an Invasive Alien Hornet, Vespa velutina nigrithorax, Inhibits Adipose Tissue Expansion in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biology Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2022-07-06), p. 1013-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2022-07-06), p. 1013-
    Abstract: Nidus vespae, commonly known as the wasp nest, has antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumor properties. However, the anti-obesity effects of Nidus vespae extract (NV) have not yet been reported. This study aimed to elucidate the potential anti-obesity effects of NV in vivo and in vitro, using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, respectively. NV administration to HFD-induced obese mice significantly decreased the mass and plasma lipid content of adipose tissues. Uncoupling protein-1 expression was significantly higher in the inguinal white adipose tissues of NV-treated mice than in those of HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, we found that NV inhibited the differentiation and intracellular lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating the insulin signaling cascade, including protein kinase B, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, and adiponectin. These findings suggest that NV may exhibit therapeutic effects against obesity by suppressing adipose tissue expansion and preadipocyte differentiation, thereby providing critical information for the development of new drugs for disease prevention and treatment. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of the anti-obesity effects of NV.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology11071013
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Discovery and Biology of Spathius verustus Chao (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Potential Biological Agent on Two Monochamus Vectors of the Pinewood Nematode
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Forests Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2022-06-18), p. 955-
    Details
    In: Forests, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2022-06-18), p. 955-
    Abstract: Pine wilt disease in Korea can be managed by reducing vector density through chemical application. To reduce the side effects from pesticides, effective natural enemies must be identified and used to reduce the vectors’ natural density. Sentinel logs were used to investigate a parasitoid wasp parasitic to Monochamus alternatus and Monochamus saltuarius, the vectors of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which causes this disease. During 2016–2017, the parasitoid wasps distributed in the Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis forests were surveyed using sentinel logs at six different areas. An ectoparasitoid wasp Spathius verustus Chao of M. alternatus and M. saltuarius was identified. We showed for the first time that S. verustus was parasitic to M. alternatus in South Korea and to M. saltuarius worldwide. The parasitism rates were affected by region and session but not by the sentinel log height in the tree and the distances between the trap and forest edge locations. Studies also showed that S. verustus appeared to prefer M. alternatus to M. saltuarius as a host. This study unveiled the ecological details of S. verustus. Further research on various environmental factors such as regional differences, host density differences, and the degree of damage from the pine wilt disease is required to understand the effects of environmental or ecological factors on parasitism rates.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1999-4907
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/f13060955
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527081-3
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Brite Adipocyte FGF21 Attenuates Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rat Hearts by Modulating NRF2
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Cells Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2022-02-06), p. 567-
    Details
    In: Cells, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 3 ( 2022-02-06), p. 567-
    Abstract: Although the optimal therapy for myocardial infarction includes reperfusion to restore blood flow to the ischemic area, myocardial injury after ischemia/reperfusion usually leads to an inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In this study, rat adipose-derived stem cells were differentiated into low-thermogenic beige adipocytes (LBACs) and high-thermogenic beige adipocytes (HBACs) to study the different cardioprotective effects of heterogeneous expression of brown adipocytes. We found that antioxidant and antiapoptotic factors in H9c2 cardiomyocytes were upregulated by high levels of secreted FGF21 in HBAC conditioned medium (HBAC-CM), whereas FGF21 in HBAC-CM did not affect antioxidative or antiapoptotic cell death in H9c2 cardiomyocytes with Nrf2 knockdown. These results show that NRF2 mediates antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects through the HBAC-secreted factor FGF21. Consistent with this finding, the expression of antioxidant and antiapoptotic genes was upregulated by highly secreted FGF21 after HBAC-CM treatment compared to LBAC-CM treatment in H9c2 cardiomyocytes via NRF2 activation. Furthermore, HBAC-CM significantly attenuated ischemic rat heart tissue injury via NRF2 activation. Based on these findings, we propose that HBAC-CM exerts beneficial effects in rat cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury by modulating NRF2 and has potential as a promising therapeutic agent for myocardial infarction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cells11030567
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661518-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Isoliquiritigenin Enhances the Beige Adipocyte Potential of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by JNK Inhibition
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Molecules Vol. 25, No. 23 ( 2020-12-01), p. 5660-
    Details
    In: Molecules, MDPI AG, Vol. 25, No. 23 ( 2020-12-01), p. 5660-
    Abstract: Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) can be isolated from fat tissue and have attracted interest for their potential therapeutic applications in metabolic disease. hASCs can be induced to undergo adipogenic differentiation in vitro by exposure to chemical agents or inductive growth factors. We investigated the effects and mechanism of differentiating hASC-derived white adipocytes into functional beige and brown adipocytes with isoliquiritigenin (ILG) treatment. Here, we showed that hASC-derived white adipocytes could promote brown adipogenesis by expressing both uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and PR/SET Domain 16 (PRDM16) following low-dose ILG treatments. ILG treatment of white adipocytes enhanced the expression of brown fat-specific markers, while the expression levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway proteins were downregulated. Furthermore, we showed that the inhibition of JNK phosphorylation contributed to white adipocyte differentiation into beige adipocytes, which was validated by the use of SP600125. We identified distinct regulatory effects of ILG dose responses and suggested that low-dose ILG induced the beige adipocyte potential of hASCs via JNK inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1420-3049
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235660
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008644-1
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  • 8
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    Suppressing Pyroptosis Augments Post-Transplant Survival of Stem Cells and Cardiac Function Following Ischemic Injury
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 15 ( 2021-07-26), p. 7946-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 15 ( 2021-07-26), p. 7946-
    Abstract: The acute demise of stem cells following transplantation significantly compromises the efficacy of stem cell-based cell therapeutics for infarcted hearts. As the stem cells transplanted into the damaged heart are readily exposed to the hostile environment, it can be assumed that the acute death of the transplanted stem cells is also inflicted by the same environmental cues that caused massive death of the host cardiac cells. Pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death, has been added to the list of important cell death mechanisms in the damaged heart. However, unlike the well-established cell death mechanisms such as necrosis or apoptosis, the exact role and significance of pyroptosis in the acute death of transplanted stem cells have not been explored in depth. In the present study, we found that M1 macrophages mediate the pyroptosis in the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injured hearts and identified miRNA-762 as an important regulator of interleukin 1β production and subsequent pyroptosis. Delivery of exogenous miRNA-762 prior to transplantation significantly increased the post-transplant survival of stem cells and also significantly ameliorated cardiac fibrosis and heart functions following I/R injury. Our data strongly suggest that suppressing pyroptosis can be an effective adjuvant strategy to enhance the efficacy of stem cell-based therapeutics for diseased hearts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157946
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Host Range Expansion of Nest-Parasitic Moths Pyralis regalis and Hypsopygia mauritialis in Social Wasp Nests: New Findings and Implications for Biological Control
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Diversity Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2023-06-19), p. 789-
    Details
    In: Diversity, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2023-06-19), p. 789-
    Abstract: Parasitic moths are common in social wasp (Hymenoptera) nests, attacking many species of Polistinae and a few species of Vespinae. In the Republic of Korea, two moth species are known to parasitize the brood of Polistes rothneyi koreanus: Pyralis regalis (Pyralidae) and Anatrachyntis japonica (Cosmopterigidae). Although previously reported elsewhere, a novel case of parasitization was recently documented in the Republic of Korea, in which Hypsopygia mauritialis (Pyralidae) was identified in the nests of social wasps. Pyralis regalis is the most common parasitic moth in the Republic of Korea, feeding on the nests of 11 species of social wasps, mostly the Korean Vespa species. To that list of hosts, we add a species of Dolichovespula and two species of Polistes. Parasitism of Vespa velutina nigrithorax, an invasive alien hornet, by both P. regalis and H. mauritialis, was observed for the first time. However, their potential to control invasive alien hornets is expected to be low. This study provides new insights into the diversity of nest-parasitic moths in social wasp nests and their hosts in the Republic of Korea, and highlights the potential for these moths to impact pest populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-2818
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/d15060789
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518137-3
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  • 10
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    The Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue-Derived MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biology Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-03-25), p. 498-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 4 ( 2023-03-25), p. 498-
    Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases have been leading cause of death worldwide for many decades, and obesity has been acknowledged as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In the present review, human epicardial adipose tissue-derived miRNAs reported to be differentially expressed under pathologic conditions are discussed and summarized. The results of the literature review indicate that some of the epicardial adipose tissue-derived miRNAs are believed to be cardioprotective, while some others show quite the opposite effects depending on the underlying pathologic conditions. Furthermore, they suggest that that the epicardial adipose tissue-derived miRNAs have great potential as both a diagnostic and therapeutic modality. Nevertheless, mainly due to highly limited availability of human samples, it is very difficult to make any generalized claims on a given miRNA in terms of its overall impact on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, further functional investigation of a given miRNA including, but not limited to, the study of its dose effect, off-target effects, and potential toxicity is required. We hope that this review can provide novel insights to transform our current knowledge on epicardial adipose tissue-derived miRNAs into clinically viable therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology12040498
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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