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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Paecilomyces formosus MD12, a Biocontrol Agent to Treat Meloidogyne incognita on Brinjal in Green House
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 7, No. 8 ( 2021-08-03), p. 632-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 8 ( 2021-08-03), p. 632-
    Abstract: The present study was carried out to analyze the potential of fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of soybean, brinjal, tomato, and potato plants. The density of fungi varied in the pot soil and rhizosphere after Paecilomyces formosus MD12 treatment. The P. formosus MD12 population was 6.3 ± 0.13 × 104 CFU g−1 in the pot planted with brinjal, and the population increased in the rhizosphere (6.72 ± 0.41 × 104 CFU g−1). P. formosus MD12 was cultured in the production medium, and the supernatant was used for egg inhibition studies on a root-knot nematode parasite, Meloidogyne incognita. It was revealed that maximum egg inhibition (94.7 ± 6.2%) was obtained at 100% concentration of extract. The culture supernatant from P. formosus MD12 affected the development of M. incognita juvenile, and the mortality rate was maximum after 96 h (95 ± 6%). Mortality was reduced when treated with 25%, 50%, and 75% supernatant. At 1 × 107 mL−1 of spore suspension, we found reductions of 71.6 ± 3.3% nematode populations in the soil, 60.7 ± 2.2% from the root, and 63.6 ± 2.4% egg mass compared with the control in the pot experiment. The culture supernatant applied at the 10% level showed a maximum mean reduction of the nematode population in roots (72.4 ± 2.2%), soil (77.9 ± 2.5%), and egg masses (73.2 ± 1.5%), respectively. The presence of P. formosus MD12 in a soil environment could antagonize nematode parasites and improve soil amendment. The P. formosus MD12 strain showed good biocontrol ability against the root-knot nematode, M. incognita, under in vitro and green house experimental condition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof7080632
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vacuum-Free Quantum Dots Planar Hybrid Solar Cells: Improving Charge Transport Using Reduced Graphene Oxide and PEO as the Buffer Layer
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-01-24), p. 1185-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-01-24), p. 1185-
    Abstract: In this work, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized using a modified Hummer method and its morphological and structural properties were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The rGO was used as the hole transport buffer layer (HTBL) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was used as the electron transport buffer layer (ETBL) for the vacuum-free quantum dot planar hybrid (VFQPH) solar cells (SCs) fabrication. PbS quantum dots (Qdots) were prepared using a hot-injection method, which was used as the p-type material and PCBM ([6,6]-Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) was used as the n-type material. The effects of the hole transport buffer layer and electron transport buffer layer on the morphological and electrical properties of the device were investigated. A device with a structure of glass/indium tin oxide (ITO)/HTBL/PbS: PCBM/ETBL/E-GaIn was fabricated and the maximum power conversion efficiency of about 4.34% was obtained.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12031185
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pioneer Use of Antimalarial Transdermal Combination Therapy in Rodent Malaria Model
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Pathogens Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-03-01), p. 398-
    Details
    In: Pathogens, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2023-03-01), p. 398-
    Abstract: We have previously reported 1,2,6,7-tetraoxaspiro [7.11]nonadecane (N-89) as a promising antimalarial compound. In this study, we evaluated the effect of transdermal therapy (tdt) of N-89 in combination (tdct) with other antimalarials as an application for children. We prepared ointment formulas containing N-89 plus another antimalarial drug, specifically, mefloquine, pyrimethamine, or chloroquine. In a 4-day suppressive test, the ED50 values for N-89 alone or combined with either mefloquine, pyrimethamine, or chloroquine were 18, 3, 0.1, and 3 mg/kg, respectively. Interaction assays revealed that N-89 combination therapy showed a synergistic effect with mefloquine and pyrimethamine, but chloroquine provoked an antagonistic effect. Antimalarial activity and cure effect were compared for single-drug application and combination therapy. Low doses of tdct N-89 (35 mg/kg) combined with mefloquine (4 mg/kg) or pyrimethamine (1 mg/kg) gave an antimalarial effect but not a cure effect. In contrast, with high doses of N-89 (60 mg/kg) combined with mefloquine (8 mg/kg) or pyrimethamine (1 mg/kg), parasites disappeared on day 4 of treatment, and mice were completely cured without any parasite recurrence. Our results indicated that transdermal N-89 with mefloquine and pyrimethamine provides a promising antimalarial form for application to children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0817
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030398
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2695572-6
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fabrication and Characterization of the Broccoli-like Structured CuO Thin Films Synthesized by a Facile Hydrothermal Method and Its Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Application
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Metals Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-03-13), p. 484-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-03-13), p. 484-
    Abstract: CuO thin films with broccoli-like structure were prepared using a facile hydrothermal method to construct photocathodes for water-splitting application. The morphological, structural, and optical properties of thin films were characterized and measured using several techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The thickness, structure, and morphology of CuO thin films can be controlled by varying the precursor concentration (Cp) and reaction temperature (Tr), which are also discussed. Moreover, the electrical properties of CuO thin films were also measured in the three-electrode system. The photocurrent density of photocathodes, when synthesized by a 0.5 M solution at 150 °C for 12 h, was 0.5 mA/cm2 at −0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl, which is 1.8 times higher than that of photocathodes synthesized in a 0.1 M solution at 100 °C with the same reaction time. In addition, increasing the reaction temperature and precursor concentration aided in the enhancement of the IPCE and APCE values, which peaked at a wavelength range of 330–400 nm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met12030484
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Plasmonic Gold Nanorod Size-Controlled: Optical, Morphological, and Electrical Properties of Efficiency Improved Tin Disulfide Vacuum-Free Hybrid Solar Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Metals Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-11-26), p. 1911-
    Details
    In: Metals, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 12 ( 2021-11-26), p. 1911-
    Abstract: The different size of plasmonic gold nanorods (NRs) were synthesized by the overgrown seeds method and applied to vacuum-free hybrid solar cells (VFHSCs). Tin disulfide (SnS2) quantum dots were synthesized and used as an n-type material of the device. The synthesized materials were characterized by different techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The Au (NRs) had a different of size of NR1 (Width: 4 nm; Length: 12 nm), NR2 (Width: 5 nm; Length: 16 nm), NR3 (Width: 6 nm; Length: 22 nm) which were measured using a TEM technique. The Au NR particles were incorporated into the PEDOT:PSS as a hole transport layer (HTL) of solar cells device. The effects of Au NRs size on the device performance were investigated. A thin film of Zin oxide (ZnO) was used as a buffer layer of the device. The influence of buffer layer thickness on the device’s active layer surface morphology was also studied. At the optimized condition, the highest power conversion efficiency was obtained at about ~3.7%.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4701
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/met11121911
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662252-X
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