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  • 1
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    Stepwise Reduction of Mycophenolate Mofetil with Conversion to Everolimus for the Treatment of Active BKV in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Experience in Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2022-12-08), p. 7297-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 24 ( 2022-12-08), p. 7297-
    Abstract: Background: No specific antiviral drug can effectively treat BKV reactivation after kidney transplantation. Thus, we evaluated stepwise-reduced immunosuppression to treat BKV reactivation. Methods: 341 kidney-transplant recipients were monitored for BKV infection (BKV-viremia, BKV-viruria). Positive samples with a significant virus load were nested PCR-genotyped in the VP1 region. In 97/211 patients presenting BKV viremia ≥104 copies/mL and/or BKV viruria ≥107 copies/mL, or BKV-nephropathy immunosuppression (i.e., mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]) was reduced by 50%. If viral load did not decrease within 28 days, MMF dose was further reduced by 25%, although calcineurin-inhibitor (CNI) therapy remained unchanged. If BKV viral load did not decrease within another 28 days, MMF was withdrawn and replaced by everolimus combined with reduced CNIs. Results: Only 41/97 BKV (+) cases completed the 6-month follow-up. Among these, 29 (71%) were in the BKV-I group and 12 (29%) were in BKV-IV. BKV viruria and BKV viremia were significantly decreased from 9.32 to 6.09 log10 copies/mL, and from 3.59 to 2.45 log10 copies/mL (p 〈 0.001 and p = 0.024, respectively). 11/32 (34.4%) patients were cleared of BKV viremia; 2/32 (6.3%) patients were cleared of BKV in both serum and urine, and 9/9 (100%) only had BKV viruria but did not develop BKV viremia. eGFR remained stable. No patient with BKV-related nephropathy had graft loss. There was a significant inverse relationship between changes in eGFR and serum BKV load (r = −0.314, p = 0.04). Conclusions: This stepwise immunosuppressive strategy proved effective at reducing BKV viral load in kidney transplant recipients that had high BKV loads in serum and/or urine. Renal function remained stable without rejection.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247297
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662592-1
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  • 2
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    A Hybrid Approach Using GIS-Based Fuzzy AHP–TOPSIS Assessing Flood Hazards along the South-Central Coast of Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 10, No. 20 ( 2020-10-14), p. 7142-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 20 ( 2020-10-14), p. 7142-
    Abstract: Flood hazards affect the local economy and the livelihood of residents along the South-Central Coast of Vietnam. Understanding the factors influencing floods’ occurrence potentially contributes to establish mitigation responses to the hazards. This paper deals with an empirical study on applying a combination of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and a geographic information system (GIS) to assess flood hazards along the South-Central Coast of Vietnam. Data are collected from focus group discussions (FGDs) with five communal authorities; a questionnaire completed by eight hamlet heads in the Phuoc Thang commune (Binh Dinh province); and documents, reports, and thematic maps provided from official sources. A total of 12 maps of flood factors are prepared. The results show that terrain elevation, creek-bottom terrains, high tide-induced flooding area, and distance to water body are the main factors affecting flood hazards. The An Loi hamlet faces the highest risk for floods, followed by Lac Dien, Luong Binh, and Pho Dong. The map of flood hazards indicates the western part is assessed as low hazard, whereas the eastern part is a very high hazard area. The study findings show that the hybrid approach using GIS-based fuzzy AHP–TOPSIS allows connecting decision makers with the influencing factors of flooding. To mitigate floods, both the Vietnam national government and the Binh Dinh provincial government should integrate natural hazard mitigation into socio-economic development policies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app10207142
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 3
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    Righting the Misperceptions of Men Having Sex with Men: A Pre-Requisite for Protecting and Understanding Gender Incongruence in Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2019-01-17), p. 105-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2019-01-17), p. 105-
    Abstract: Protecting the rights of the lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender, intersex, and queers (LGBTIQ) population requires, first and foremost, a proper understanding of their sexual orientation and gender identity. This study highlights a severe misunderstanding and lack of knowledge among health professionals in Vietnam with regard to the men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgenders. This study uses (i) a survey based on the convenience sampling method among 150 health workers that covered 61 questions and (ii) 12 in-depth interviews in two metropolitan centres in Vietnam, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city. Three main topics are explored: (i) the general knowledge of healthcare workers about MSM and transgenders; (ii) their knowledge about the sexual reproductive health and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) risks of MSM and transgenders; and (iii) their attitudes and behaviors towards MSM and transgenders. One of the notable findings is how prevalent the misperceptions are across the board, namely, in staff of both sexes, in both cities, at various kinds of medical facilities, at different work positions and educational levels. Half of the respondents consider transgenders to have a curable mental problem while 45% say MSM only have sex with males. Most remarkably, 12.7% state if they have any choice, they want nothing to do with MSM and transgenders. The study finds there is a considerable percentage of health professionals who lack knowledge about the diversity of sexual orientation, gender identity, and health issues related to the sexual minorities and gender non-conforming population. To improve the clinical process for serving these at-risk groups, the study suggests the continual education for the health workers needs to be added to their formal as well as in-job training.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010105
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 4
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    Genomic Mutations of BK Polyomavirus in Patients after Kidney Transplantation: A Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-05-01), p. 2544-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2022-05-01), p. 2544-
    Abstract: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the SNP sites and determine the BKV genotype circulating in kidney-transplant Vietnamese recipients based on the VP1 gene region. Methods: 344 samples were collected from post-kidney-transplant recipients at the 103 Vietnam Military Hospital to investigate the number of BKV infections. Positive samples with a sufficient virus concentration were analyzed by nested PCR in the VP1 region, sequencing detected genotyping and single-nucleotide polymorphism. Results: BKV infection was determined in 214 patients (62.2%), of whom 11 (5.1%) were diagnosed with BKV-associated nephropathy. Among the 90 BKV-I strains sequenced, 89 (98.88%) were strains of I/b-1 and 1 (1.12%) was strain I/b-2. The 60 BKV-IV strains had a greater diversity of subgroups, including 40% IV/a-1, 1.66% IV/a-2, 56.68% IV/c-1, and 1.16% IV/c-2. Additionally, of 11 cases diagnosed with BKVN, seven belonged to subgroup I/b-1 (63.6%) and four to subgroup IV/c-1 (36.4%). Moreover, 22 specific SNPs that were genotype I or IV were determined in this Vietnamese population. Specifically, at position 1745, for the Vietnamese BKV-IV strains, the SNP position (A→G) appeared in 57/60 samples (95%). This causes transformation of the amino acid N→S. This SNP site can enable detection of genotype IV in Vietnam. It represents a unique evolution pattern and mutation that has not been found in other international strains. Conclusion: The BKV-I genotype was more common than BKV-IV; however, mutations that occur on the VP1 typing region of BKV-IV strains were more frequent than in BKV-I strains.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092544
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
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    The Dark Side of Female HIV Patient Care: Sexual and Reproductive Health Risks in Pre- and Post-Clinical Treatments
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 7, No. 11 ( 2018-10-31), p. 402-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 11 ( 2018-10-31), p. 402-
    Abstract: This study examines the pre- and post-clinical issues in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care and treatment for women and girls of high-risk population groups—namely sex workers, injecting drug users, women living with HIV, primary sexual partners of people living with HIV, adolescent girls who are children of these groups, and migrant young girls and women—in five provinces and cities in Vietnam. Through a sample of 241 surveyed participants and 48 respondents for in-depth interviews and 32 respondents in the focus group discussions, the study identifies multiple barriers that keep these groups from receiving the proper health care that is well within their human rights. Most respondents rated HIV testing as easily accessible, yet only 18.9% of the surveyed women living with HIV disclosed their infection status, while 37.8% gave no information at the most recent prenatal care visit. The level of knowledge and proper practices of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care also remains limited. Meanwhile, modern birth control methods have yet to be widely adopted among these populations: only 30.7% of respondents reported using condoms when having sex with their husband. This increases the risks of unwanted pregnancy and abortion, as well as vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV transmission. On the other hand, HIV-related stigma and discrimination at health care settings are still pervasive, which create significant barriers for patients to access proper care services. Based on these results, six recommendations to improve SRH status of women and girls of populations at high risk are put forward.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm7110402
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 6
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    Changes in Serum Immunoglobulin G Subclasses during the Treatment of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Infectious Exacerbations
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Advances in Respiratory Medicine Vol. 90, No. 6 ( 2022-11-23), p. 500-510
    Details
    In: Advances in Respiratory Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 90, No. 6 ( 2022-11-23), p. 500-510
    Abstract: Introduction: Despite the theoretical importance of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) in the outcome of COPD exacerbations, the existing evidence for this has not been enough. This study was performed to evaluate changes in serum Ig levels and their relationship with outcomes of acute infectious exacerbations in patients with COPD. Methods: The prospective study was conducted at Military Hospital 103 from August 2017 to April 2019. Group D patients with COPD with infectious exacerbation were selected for participation in the study. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people. The patients were provided clinical examination and laboratory service; simultaneously, we measured their serum Ig levels (total IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4) at two time points: at admission (T1) and the final health outcome (T2). Results: The median levels of total IgG in patients at times T1 and T2 were significantly lower compared with those in the healthy group (1119.3 mg/dL and 1150.6 mg/dL compared with 2032.2 mg/dL) (p 〈 0.001). Regarding changes among IgG subclasses, the IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 levels measured at T1 and T2 were reduced significantly compared with the control group (p 〈 0.05); the IgG3 levels at T1 were significantly higher than those at T2. IgG3 levels in patients with life-threatening exacerbations were significantly lower than the remaining ones (24.6 (26.8–155.5) mg/dL and 25.6 (29.5–161.2) mg/dL, respectively, p = 0.023). Conclusions: In group D patients with COPD with infectious exacerbations, there was a decrease in the serum IgG, IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4 levels. IgG3 levels were associated with the severity of COPD exacerbation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2543-6031
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/arm90060056
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2893877-X
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  • 7
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    Trends and Factors Associated with Comprehensive Knowledge about HIV among Women in Vietnam
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Vol. 5, No. 2 ( 2020-06-03), p. 91-
    Details
    In: Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, MDPI AG, Vol. 5, No. 2 ( 2020-06-03), p. 91-
    Abstract: This study aimed to assess the trends and associated factors of comprehensive knowledge about HIV among women in Vietnam using the dataset of the Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICSs) in 2000, 2006, 2011, and 2014. The outcome variable was comprehensive knowledge about HIV, defined as the ability to correctly answer three knowledge questions and to reject the three most common misconceptions about HIV prevention. We found that comprehensive knowledge about HIV increased from 26.1% in 2000 to 44.1% in 2011, but it decreased slightly between 2011 and 2014, from 44.1% to 42.4%. Increased comprehensive knowledge about HIV was associated with women who had higher education and those in the fourth and fifth quintiles of household wealth in all four rounds of the MICS. Comprehensive knowledge about HIV among women was also associated with those who had ever been tested for HIV and those with knowledge of where to be tested for HIV. Women in the urban areas were more likely to have higher levels of comprehensive knowledge about HIV as compared to the women in the rural areas in 2000, 2006, and 2011 but not in 2014. Comprehensive knowledge about HIV among women in Vietnam increased from 2000 to 2014, but it was still relatively low.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2414-6366
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5020091
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2934690-3
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  • 8
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    A 1.2-µW 41-dB Ripple Attenuation Chopper Amplifier Using Auto-Zero Offset Cancelation Loop for Area-Efficient Biopotential Sensing
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Electronics Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2022-04-06), p. 1149-
    Details
    In: Electronics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2022-04-06), p. 1149-
    Abstract: In this paper, a low-power and low-noise capacitive-coupled chopper instrumentation amplifier (CCIA) is proposed for biopotential sensing applications. A chopping technique is applied to mitigate the domination of flicker noise at low frequency. A new offset cancellation loop is also used to deal with the intrinsic offset, originating from process variation, to reduce ripple noise at the output of CCIA. Moreover, the optimization of the chip area was resolved by adding a T-network capacitor in the negative feedback loop. The CCIA is designed on 0.18 µm process CMOS technology with a total chip area of 0.09 mm2. The post-simulation results show that the proposed architecture can attenuate the output ripple up to 41 dB with a closed-loop gain of 40 dB and up to 800 Hz of bandwidth. The integrated input referred noise (IRN) of the CCIA is 1.8 µVrms over a bandwidth of 200 Hz. A noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 5.4 is obtained with a total power dissipation of 1.2 µW and a supply voltage of 1 V, corresponding to a power efficiency factor of 9.7 that is comparable with that of state-of-the-art studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-9292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/electronics11071149
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662127-7
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  • 9
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    The COVID-19 Pandemic Impact and Responses in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Vietnamese Firms
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Economies Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-01-03), p. 10-
    Details
    In: Economies, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-01-03), p. 10-
    Abstract: A nationwide survey of 162,738 firms in Vietnam asked firms to report the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of the business, coping strategies used, and various firm and situational characteristics. More than 80% of firms reported negative impacts from the pandemic with fewer than 4% reporting positive effects; 63% of the firms adopted at least one coping strategy. The coping strategies were categorized into seven groups as follows: (1) Non-adoption, (2) promoting e-commerce, (3) transforming key products/services, (4) training employees to improve professional qualifications, (5) finding new markets for input materials, (6) finding markets for products outside of the traditional market, (7) producing new products/services according to market demand during the epidemic period, and (8) other strategies. A multinomial logit regression model showed statistically significant associations between a firm’s selected coping strategy and several independent variables, as follows: (1) Firm size, (2) impact of the pandemic on firm health, firm access to inputs, and firm access to domestic markets, (3) decrease in firm revenue, and (4) receipt of government support. However, many businesses have not implemented coping strategies, leading to concerns regarding their resilience to upcoming threats and uncertainties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-7099
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/economies11010010
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704214-5
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  • 10
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    Novel Integration of CAPP in a G-Code Generation Module Using Macro Programming for CNC Application
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Machines Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-10-12), p. 61-
    Details
    In: Machines, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-10-12), p. 61-
    Abstract: In the modern manufacturing industry, the role of computer-aided process planning (CAPP) is becoming increasingly crucial. Through the application of new technologies, experience, and intelligence, CAPP is contributing to the automation of manufacturing processes. In this article, the integration of a proposed CAPP system that is named as BKCAPP and G-code generation module provides a completed CAD–CAPP–CNC system that does not involve any manual processing in the CAM modules. The BKCAPP system is capable of automatically performing machining feature and operation recognition processes from design features in three-dimensional (3D) solid models, incorporating technical requirements such as the surface roughness, geometric dimensions, and tolerance in order to provide process planning for machining processes, including information on the machine tools, cutting tools, machining conditions, and operation sequences. G-code programs based on macro programming are automatically generated by the G-code generation module on the basis of the basic information for the machining features, such as the contour shape, basic dimensions, and cutting information obtained from BKCAPP. The G-code generation module can be applied to standard machining features, such as faces, pockets, bosses, slots, holes, and contours. This novel integration approach produces a practical CAPP method enabling end users to generate operation consequences and G-code files and to customize specific cutting tools and machine tool data. In this paper, a machining part consisting of basic machining features was used in order to describe the method and verify its implementation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-1702
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/machines8040061
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704328-9
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