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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fluorine-Free Dual Superamphiphobic Cellulose Paper Coated with Mushroom-like Pillar Microstructure
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Coatings Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-02-01), p. 323-
    Details
    In: Coatings, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-02-01), p. 323-
    Abstract: In this work, we report a unique and facile approach to the manufacture of fluorine-free superamphiphobic paper. Based on the principle that Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) arranged along the direction of a magnetic field, the mixture of Fe3O4 NPs and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was coated on kraft paper through self-assembly and thermal-curing at a high temperature in a magnetic field, fabricating a mushroom-like microstructure on the paper. At an Fe3O4 NPs content of 75%, the radius of the mushroom-like pillar caps (RCAP) and center-to-center spacing between two pillars (S) obtained the optimal size of 37 ± 18 μm and 237 ± 38 μm, respectively. The oil-contact angle and water-contact angle of the fabricated paper were up to 156° and 160.4°, respectively. It also showed excellent oleophobic stability; the oil-contact angle was still maintained at 141.9° after 1 h. In addition, the contact angles of milk, ethylene glycol and castor oil were all above 150°, and the contact angle of diiodomethane was 134.2°. Moreover, the sample showed great oil resistance with a kit rating value of 12/12 and permeability of 1800+ s.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6412
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/coatings13020323
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662314-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Research on Traffic Flow Prediction at Intersections Based on DT-TCN-Attention
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sensors Vol. 23, No. 15 ( 2023-07-26), p. 6683-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 23, No. 15 ( 2023-07-26), p. 6683-
    Abstract: Traditional nonintelligent signal control systems are typically used in road traffic signal systems, which cannot provide optimal guidance and have low traffic efficiency during rush hour. This study proposes a traffic signal phase dynamic timing optimization strategy based on a time convolution network and attention mechanism to improve traffic efficiency at intersections. The corresponding optimization was performed after predicting traffic conditions with different impacts using the digital twinning technique. This method uses a time-convolution network to extract the cross-time nonlinear characteristics of traffic data at road intersections. An attention mechanism was introduced to capture the relationship between the importance distribution and duration of the historical time series to predict the traffic flow at an intersection. The interpretability and prediction accuracy of the model was effectively improved. The model was tested using traffic flow data from a signalized intersection in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, China. The experimental results indicate that the model generated by training has a strong learning ability for the temporal characteristics of traffic flow. The model has high prediction accuracy, good optimization results, and wide application prospects in different scenarios.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s23156683
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interface Behavior of Asphalt Pavements Constructed by Conventional and Double-Decked Paving Methods
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Materials Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2020-03-17), p. 1351-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2020-03-17), p. 1351-
    Abstract: Asphalt pavement consists of multiple layers of asphalt with a progressive decrease of nominal maximum aggregate size from the bottom to the top, which can be constructed by the double-decked or the conventional paving method (i.e., layer by layer). Reliable interface strength between the fine- and the coarse-grained layer of asphalt mixture is prerequisite to ensure the serviceability of the asphalt pavement. This study aims to compare the interface behavior of the asphalt pavement constructed by the conventional and the double-decked paving methods through laboratory and trial pavement tests. Laboratory test results show that the interface strength of the specimen prepared by the double-decked paving method is mainly contributed by the interlocking of the coarse- and the fine-grained asphalt mixture, fundamentally different from the conventional paving method, in which the interface strength is mainly provided by the tack coat oil. More importantly, the interface shear strength and the uniaxial tensile strength of specimens prepared by the double-decked paving method are about 1.5–1.8 times larger than that of specimens prepared by the conventional paving method. To verify the applicability of laboratory experimental findings to the practical engineering, a trial road was paved in situ using both double-decked and conventional paving methods. Cored specimens were collected from the trial road and their interface strengths are tested. Comparisons of the interface strength obtained from cored specimens further prove that the asphalt pavement constructed by the double-decked paving method has larger interface strength than that of the asphalt pavement constructed by the conventional paving method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13061351
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Influences of Riparian Vegetation on Bank Failures of a Small Meadow-Type Meandering River
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Water Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2018-05-25), p. 692-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 6 ( 2018-05-25), p. 692-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w10060692
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Conversion of Blue Water into Green Water for Improving Utilization Ratio of Water Resources in Degraded Karst Areas
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Water Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2016-12-05), p. 569-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 12 ( 2016-12-05), p. 569-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w8120569
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Innovative Nanobody-Based High-Biocompatibility Gold Interdigitated Microelectrode Electrochemical Bioimpedance Sensor for the Ultrasensitive Detection of Difenacoum in Human Serum
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Materials Vol. 14, No. 14 ( 2021-07-14), p. 3930-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 14 ( 2021-07-14), p. 3930-
    Abstract: Difenacoum (DIF) is one of the most widely used anticoagulant rodenticides. However, accidental or intentional ingestion of DIF seriously threatens humans and other non-target species. Therefore, a rapid and sensitive detection method to quantify DIF is urgently needed. In this study, one anti-DIF nanobody (Nb) was assembled on the surface of a gold interdigitated microelectrode (IDME) using an Au–S bond to fabricate a bioimpedance sensor. To improve the immobilization amount of Nbs on the electrode, a polycrystalline gold IDME was prepared to provide a larger surface and better biocompatibility. Thus, a novel and ultrasensitive bioimpedance sensor based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was designed for the determination of DIF, and it displayed good reproducibility and stability in human serum. The proposed bioimpedance sensor displayed a wide working range, between 0.1–1000 pg/mL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 pg/mL of DIF. This method exhibited excellent performance, good sensitivity, and reproducibility and achieved the highest sensitivity of all currently existing methods used to quantify DIF. The highly sensitive DIF detection of this proposed bioimpedance sensor indicates its potential as an efficacious approach for DIF monitoring in human serum with high accuracy and precision.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma14143930
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of the Performance of the Horizontal Drain in Drainage of the Infiltrated Water from Slope Soil under Rainfall Conditions
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2023-09-25), p. 14163-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 19 ( 2023-09-25), p. 14163-
    Abstract: It is known that rainwater infiltration is crucial for rainfall-induced slope failure because the infiltrated water can significantly weaken the shear strength of unsaturated soil. Horizontal drains are commonly used to provide appropriate drainage for the rainwater that percolates out of a slope. However, the effects of the length and location of the subsoil pipe on the performance of horizontal drains have not been extensively investigated. In this paper, a parametric analysis by using a numerical model was adopted to investigate the distribution of pore-water pressure in a slope. The results reveal that an inclination angle of 10–15 degrees and strategic placement at the slope toe and mid-slope provide optimal drainage performance, as compared to the effect of pipe length. Multi-layers of horizontal drain (based on 10 m length) are recommended for slopes with a height of more than 15 m.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su151914163
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Conjoint Inversion of Snow Temperature Profiles from Microwave and Infrared Brightness Temperature in Antarctica
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Remote Sensing Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-03-01), p. 1396-
    Details
    In: Remote Sensing, MDPI AG, Vol. 15, No. 5 ( 2023-03-01), p. 1396-
    Abstract: The snow temperature above the ice sheet is one of the basic characteristic parameters of the ice sheet, which plays an important role in the study of the global climate. Because infrared and microwaves with different frequencies have different penetration depths in snow, it is possible to retrieve the snow temperature profiles by combining microwave and infrared brightness temperatures. This paper proposes a conjoint inversion algorithm to retrieve snow temperature profiles by combining multi-frequency microwave brightness temperature (BT) with infrared BT, in which different weight functions of microwave BT at different frequencies are adopted, and the atmosphere influence has also been corrected. The snow temperature profile data are retrieved based on AMSR2 microwave BT data and MODIS infrared BT data in 2017 and 2018, which are evaluated by comparing with the measured snow temperature at Dome-C station. The results confirm that the inverted snow temperature profiles are consistent with the field observation data from the Dome-C station. Multi-frequency microwave brightness temperature can be used to invert the snow temperature profiles; however, the inverted snow surface temperature is more accurate by combining the infrared BT with the microwave BT in the conjoint inversion algorithm.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-4292
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/rs15051396
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2513863-7
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of Non-Point Source Total Phosphorus Pollution from Different Land Use and Soil Types in a Mid-High Latitude Region of China
    MDPI AG ; 2016
    In:  Water Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2016-11-03), p. 505-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 11 ( 2016-11-03), p. 505-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w8110505
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Intelligent Short-Term Multiscale Prediction of Parking Space Availability Using an Attention-Enhanced Temporal Convolutional Network
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-05-22), p. 208-
    Details
    In: ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 5 ( 2023-05-22), p. 208-
    Abstract: The accurate and rapid prediction of parking availability is helpful for improving parking efficiency and to optimize traffic systems. However, previous studies have suffered from limited training sample sizes and a lack of thorough investigation into the correlations among the factors affecting parking availability. The purpose of this study is to explore a prediction method that can account for multiple factors. Firstly, a dynamic prediction method based on a temporal convolutional network (TCN) model was confirmed to be efficient for ultra-short-term parking availability with an accuracy of 0.96 MSE. Then, an attention-enhanced TCN (A-TCN) model based on spatial attention modules was proposed. This model integrates multiple factors, including related dates, extreme weather, and human control, to predict the daily congestion index of parking lots in the short term, with a prediction period of up to one month. Experimental results on real data demonstrate that the MSE of A-TCN is 0.0061, exhibiting better training efficiency and prediction accuracy than a traditional TCN for the short-term prediction time scale.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2220-9964
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijgi12050208
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2655790-3
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