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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rapid Solar-Light Driven Superior Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using MoS2-ZnO Heterostructure Nanorods Photocatalyst
    MDPI AG ; 2018
    In:  Materials Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2018-11-12), p. 2254-
    Details
    In: Materials, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2018-11-12), p. 2254-
    Abstract: Herein, MoS2-ZnO heterostructure nanorods were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized in detail using several compositional, optical, and morphological techniques. The comprehensive characterizations show that the synthesized MoS2/ZnO heterostructure nanorods were composed of wurtzite hexagonal phase of ZnO and rhombohedral phase of MoS2. The synthesized MoS2/ZnO heterostructure nanorods were used as a potent photocatalyst for the decomposition of methylene blue (MB) dye under natural sunlight. The prepared MoS2/ZnO heterostructure nanorods exhibited ~97% removal of MB in the reaction time of 20 min with the catalyst amount of 0.15 g/L. The kinetic study revealed that the photocatalytic removal of MB was found to be in accordance with pseudo first-order reaction kinetics with an obtained rate constant of 0.16262 min−1. The tremendous photocatalytic performance of MoS2-ZnO heterostructure nanorods could be accredited to an effective charge transportation and inhibition in the recombination of photo-excited charge carriers at an interfacial heterojunction. The contribution of active species towards the decomposition of MB using MoS2-ZnO heterostructure nanorods was confirmed from scavenger study and terephthalic acid fluorescence technique.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-1944
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ma11112254
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487261-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Diversity, Succession and Seasonal Variation of Phylloplane Mycoflora of Leucaena leucocephala in Relation to Its Leaf Litter Decomposition
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2022-06-06), p. 608-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 6 ( 2022-06-06), p. 608-
    Abstract: To address international food security concerns and sustain a growing global population, global agricultural output needs to increase by 70% by the year 2050. Current agricultural techniques to increase crop yields, specifically the application of chemicals, have resulted in a wide range of negative impacts on the environment and human health. The maintenance of good quality soil organic matter, a key concern in tropical countries such as India, requires a steady input of organic residues to maintain soil fertility. A tree with many uses, Leucaena leucocephala, has attracted much attention over the past decades. As per our literature review, no research has been conducted examining Leucaena leucocephala leaves for their fungal decomposition and their use as green manure. A study of the fungal colonization of Leucaena leucocephala leaves at various stages of decomposition was conducted to get an insight into which fungi play a critical role in the decomposition process. In total, fifty-two different species of fungi were isolated. There was an increase in the percentage of fungus occurrences as the leaves senesced and then finally decomposed. Almost all decomposition stages were characterized by a higher percentage occurrence of Deuteromycetes (75.47%) and by a lower rate of Ascomycetes (9.43%). A gradual increase of basidiomycetes such as unidentified sclerotia and Rhizoctonia solani was seen as the leaves senesced and finally decomposed. In the moist chamber, Didymium nigripes was the only Myxomycete isolated from completely decomposed leaves. In the present study, on average, there were more fungi in wet seasons than in the dry seasons.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof8060608
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Clinically Deployable Bioelectronic Sensing Platform for Ultrasensitive Detection of Transferrin in Serum Sample
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biosensors Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-20), p. 406-
    Details
    In: Biosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 3 ( 2023-03-20), p. 406-
    Abstract: Varying levels of transferrin (Tf) have been associated with different disease conditions and are known to play a crucial role in various malignancies. Regular monitoring of the variations in Tf levels can be useful for managing related diseases, especially for the prognosis of certain cancers. We fabricated an immunosensor based on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets to indirectly detect Tf levels in cancer patients. The GO nanosheets were deposited onto an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate and annealed at 120 °C to obtain reduced GO (rGO) films, followed by the immobilization of an antibody, anti-Tf. The materials and sensor probe used were systematically characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were also used for the stepwise sensor probe characterizations and Tf detection in serum samples, respectively. The anti-Tf/rGO/ITO immunosensor DPV output demonstrated an excellent Tf detection capability in the linear range of 0.1 mg mL−1 to 12 mg mL−1 compared to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection range, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.010 ± 0.007 mg mL−1. Furthermore, the results of the fabricated immunosensor were compared with those of the ELISA and autobioanalyzer techniques, showing an outstanding match with 〈 5% error and demonstrating the immunosensor’s clinical potential.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bios13030406
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662125-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genome-Wide Meta-Analysis of QTLs Associated with Root Traits and Implications for Maize Breeding
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2023-03-24), p. 6135-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 24, No. 7 ( 2023-03-24), p. 6135-
    Abstract: Root system architecture (RSA), also known as root morphology, is critical in plant acquisition of soil resources, plant growth, and yield formation. Many QTLs associated with RSA or root traits in maize have been identified using several bi-parental populations, particularly in response to various environmental factors. In the present study, a meta-analysis of QTLs associated with root traits was performed in maize using 917 QTLs retrieved from 43 mapping studies published from 1998 to 2020. A total of 631 QTLs were projected onto a consensus map involving 19,714 markers, which led to the prediction of 68 meta-QTLs (MQTLs). Among these 68 MQTLs, 36 MQTLs were validated with the marker-trait associations available from previous genome-wide association studies for root traits. The use of comparative genomics approaches revealed several gene models conserved among the maize, sorghum, and rice genomes. Among the conserved genomic regions, the ortho-MQTL analysis uncovered 20 maize MQTLs syntenic to 27 rice MQTLs for root traits. Functional analysis of some high-confidence MQTL regions revealed 442 gene models, which were then subjected to in silico expression analysis, yielding 235 gene models with significant expression in various tissues. Furthermore, 16 known genes viz., DXS2, PHT, RTP1, TUA4, YUC3, YUC6, RTCS1, NSA1, EIN2, NHX1, CPPS4, BIGE1, RCP1, SKUS13, YUC5, and AW330564 associated with various root traits were present within or near the MQTL regions. These results could aid in QTL cloning and pyramiding in developing new maize varieties with specific root architecture for proper plant growth and development under optimum and abiotic stress conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076135
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mechanistic and Functional Shades of Mucins and Associated Glycans in Colon Cancer
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Cancers Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-03-11), p. 649-
    Details
    In: Cancers, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2020-03-11), p. 649-
    Abstract: Mucus serves as the chief protective barrier against pathogenic and mechanical insults in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts. Altered mucin expression, the major component of mucus, in conjunction with differential glycosylation has been strongly associated with both benign and malignant pathologies of colon. Mucins and their associated glycans arbitrate their impact sterically as well as mechanically by altering molecular and microbial spectrum during pathogenesis. Mucin expression in normal and pathological conditions is regulated by nonspecific (dietary factors and gut microbiota) and specific (epigenetic and transcriptional) modulators. Further, recent studies highlight the impact of altering mucin glycome (cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens including Tn, Sialyl-Tn, Sialyl-Lew A, and Sialyl-Lewis X) on host immunomodulation, antitumor immunity, as well as gut microbiota. In light of emerging literature, the present review article digs into the impact of structural organization and of expressional and glycosylation alteration of mucin family members on benign and malignant pathologies of colorectal cancer.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2072-6694
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030649
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2527080-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Deregulation of Interferon Signaling in Malignant Cells
    MDPI AG ; 2010
    In:  Pharmaceuticals Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2010-02-04), p. 406-418
    Details
    In: Pharmaceuticals, MDPI AG, Vol. 3, No. 2 ( 2010-02-04), p. 406-418
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8247
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ph3020406
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2193542-7
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Substituent Effects Impact Surface Charge and Aggregation of Thiophenol-Labeled Gold Nanoparticles for SERS Biosensors
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biosensors Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-01-05), p. 25-
    Details
    In: Biosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2022-01-05), p. 25-
    Abstract: SERS immunoassay biosensors hold immense potential for clinical diagnostics due to their high sensitivity and growing interest in multi-marker panels. However, their development has been hindered by difficulties in designing compatible extrinsic Raman labels. Prior studies have largely focused on spectroscopic characteristics in selecting Raman reporter molecules (RRMs) for multiplexing since the presence of well-differentiated spectra is essential for simultaneous detection. However, these candidates often induce aggregation of the gold nanoparticles used as SERS nanotags despite their similarity to other effective RRMs. Thus, an improved understanding of factors affecting the aggregation of RRM-coated gold nanoparticles is needed. Substituent electronic effects on particle stability were investigated using various para-substituted thiophenols. The inductive and resonant effects of functional group modifications were strongly correlated with nanoparticle surface charge and hence their stability. Treatment with thiophenols diminished the negative surface charge of citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles, but electron-withdrawing substituents limited the magnitude of this diminishment. It is proposed that this phenomenon arises by affecting the interplay of competing sulfur binding modes. This has wide-reaching implications for the design of biosensors using thiol-modified gold surfaces. A proof-of-concept multiplexed SERS biosensor was designed according to these findings using the two thiophenol compounds with the most electron-withdrawing substitutions: NO2 and CN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bios12010025
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662125-3
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Nutritional Assessment of Lactarius drassinus and L. controversus from the Cold Desert Region of the Northwest Himalayas for Their Potential as Food Supplements
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Fungi Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2023-07-20), p. 763-
    Details
    In: Journal of Fungi, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 7 ( 2023-07-20), p. 763-
    Abstract: Kargil is a cold desert with hostile ecological conditions such as low temperature and precipitation, as well as difficult terrains. However, several wild mushrooms thrive well under such an extreme environment. Despite their abundance, the chemical composition of indigenous mushrooms has not been explored. This study aimed to assess the potential of two wild edible mushrooms from Kargil, Lactarius drassinus and Lactarius controversus, as food supplements by evaluating their nutritional and nutraceutical properties. Nutritional attributes such as total protein, available carbohydrates, soluble sugars, and vitamins were found to be high in the mushroom species. Furthermore, high mineral accumulation and relatively lower antinutrient concentrations resulted in higher bioavailabilities of Zn, Fe, Ca, and Mg. Gas-chromatography–mass-spectrometry-based metabolite profiling revealed that although the two mushroom species showed similar metabolite compositions, their relative concentrations differed. Sugars were the predominant compounds identified in both the species, with sugar alcohols being the major contributor. The second most abundant class of compound in L. drassinus was amino acids, with 5-oxoproline as the major contributor. On the other hand, fatty acids were the second most abundant compounds in L. controversus, with high oleic and linoleic acid concentrations. In the ultra-performance-liquid-chromatography-based quantification of phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acid was found to be highest in in terms of its concentration in both the mushrooms studied, followed by quercetin dihydrate and gallic acid in L. drassinus and L. controversus, respectively. Moreover, high antioxidant activities attributable to their high phenol, flavonoid, and carotenoid concentrations were observed. Overall, the two mushrooms offer well-balanced sources of nutritional and nutraceutical compounds, making them healthy foods.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2309-608X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jof9070763
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2784229-0
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Based Immunoassay Technologies for Detection of Disease Biomarkers
    MDPI AG ; 2017
    In:  Biosensors Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2017-01-12), p. 7-
    Details
    In: Biosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 7, No. 4 ( 2017-01-12), p. 7-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bios7010007
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662125-3
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  • 10
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    Defect-Engineering of 2D Dichalcogenide VSe2 to Enhance Ammonia Sensing: Acumens from DFT Calculations
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biosensors Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-02-11), p. 257-
    Details
    In: Biosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 2023-02-11), p. 257-
    Abstract: Opportune sensing of ammonia (NH3) gas is industrially important for avoiding hazards. With the advent of nanostructured 2D materials, it is felt vital to miniaturize the detector architecture so as to attain more and more efficacy with simultaneous cost reduction. Adaptation of layered transition metal dichalcogenide as the host may be a potential answer to such challenges. The current study presents a theoretical in-depth analysis regarding improvement in efficient detection of NH3 using layered vanadium di-selenide (VSe2) with the introduction of point defects. The poor affinity between VSe2 and NH3 forbids the use of the former in the nano-sensing device’s fabrications. The adsorption and electronic properties of VSe2 nanomaterials can be tuned with defect induction, which would modulate the sensing properties. The introduction of Se vacancy to pristine VSe2 was found to cause about an eight-fold increase (from −012 eV to −0.97 eV) in adsorption energy. A charge transfer from the N 2p orbital of NH3 to the V 3d orbital of VSe2 has been observed to cause appreciable NH3 detection by VSe2. In addition to that, the stability of the best-defected system has been confirmed through molecular dynamics simulation, and the possibility of repeated usability has been analyzed for calculating recovery time. Our theoretical results clearly indicate that Se-vacant layered VSe2 can be an efficient NH3 sensor if practically produced in the future. The presented results will thus potentially be useful for experimentalists in designing and developing VSe2-based NH3 sensors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bios13020257
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662125-3
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