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  • MDPI AG  (103)
  • 1
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Deep Learning-Aided Downlink Beamforming Design and Uplink Power Allocation for UAV Wireless Communications with LoRa
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-05-10), p. 4826-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-05-10), p. 4826-
    Kurzfassung: In this paper, we consider an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wireless communication system where a base station (BS) equipped multi antennas communicates with multiple UAVs, each equipped with a single antenna, using the LoRa (Long Range) modulation. The traditional approaches for downlink beamforming design or uplink power allocation rely on the convex optimization technique, which is prohibitive in practice or even infeasible for the UAVs with limited computing capabilities, because the corresponding convex optimization problems (such as second-order cone programming (SOCP) and linear programming (LP)) requiring a non-negligible complexity need to be re-solved many times while the UAVs move. To address this issue, we propose novel schemes for beamforming design for downlink transmission from the BS to the UAVs and power allocation for uplink transmission from the UAVs to the BS, respectively, based on deep learning. Numerical results demonstrate a constructed deep neural network (DNN) can predict the optimal value of the downlink beamforming or the uplink power allocation with low complexity and high accuracy.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12104826
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2704225-X
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Physicochemical Properties of Black Korean Goat Meat with Various Slaughter Ages
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-02-16), p. 692-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2023-02-16), p. 692-
    Kurzfassung: This study was conducted to analyze the physicochemical properties of black goat meat according to the slaughter age (3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36 months). The moisture content tended to decrease, whereas the fat content, pH, and free amino acid composition tended to increase with increasing slaughter age. The collagen content increased significantly with the increasing slaughter age (p 〈 0.05). The cooking yield showed a tendency to increase up to 12 months of age, and there was no significant difference after 12 months of age. In all mineral contents, the sample for 12 months of age showed higher values than the others. Considering fatty acid composition, the saturated fatty acid content of the 12-month sample had a lower value than the other samples. However, the unsaturated fatty acid of the 12-month sample had higher values than the other samples. Therefore, the best slaughter age for black goats occurs at 12 months of age when nutrition is excellent.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13040692
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 3
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Position Tracking Techniques Using Multiple Receivers for Anti-Drone Systems
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Sensors Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2020-12-23), p. 35-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 1 ( 2020-12-23), p. 35-
    Kurzfassung: The need for drone traffic control management has emerged as the demand for drones increased. Particularly, in order to control unauthorized drones, the systems to detect and track drones have to be developed. In this paper, we propose the drone position tracking system using multiple Bluetooth low energy (BLE) receivers. The proposed system first estimates the target’s location, which consists of the distance and angle, while using the received signal strength indication (RSSI) signals at four BLE receivers and gradually tracks the target based on the estimated distance and angle. We propose two tracking algorithms, depending on the estimation method and also apply the memory process, improving the tracking performance by using stored previous movement information. We evaluate the proposed system’s performance in terms of the average number of movements that are required to track and the tracking success rate.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s21010035
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2052857-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 4
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Comparative Evaluation of Band-Based Genotyping Methods for Mycobacterium intracellulare and Its Application for Epidemiological Analysis
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2020-08-28), p. 1315-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2020-08-28), p. 1315-
    Kurzfassung: Mycobacterium intracellulare is a leading cause of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, with a rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. This bacterium, commonly distributed in soil and water, is known to be transmitted through the environment rather than between people. Therefore, it is imperative to establish distinguishable genotyping methods to understand the clinical outcome, disease relapses, and epidemiology. Therefore, in this study, representative band-based genotyping methods were performed using M. intracellualre clinical isolates, and their Hunter–Gaston discriminatory index (HGDI) was 0.947, 0.994, and 1 for variable number tandem repetition (VNTR), VNTR-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units, pulsed field gel electrophoresis, and repetitive sequence based-PCR, respectively. Although VNTR showed relatively low HGDI, co-infection with other M. intracellualre strains could be determined by loci showing allele diversity from 0 to 0.69. Additionally, genetic distance of clinical isolates from Gyeongnam/Korea, and other regions/countries were visualized by minimum spanning tree (MST) using the globally available VNTR profiles. The results of MST revealed that M. intracellulare isolated from patients in Gyeongnam/Korea had specific VNTR genotypes, which may be evidence of the geographic distribution of M. intracellulare specific genotypes. The comparative results of genotyping techniques and geographical characteristics in this study may provide fundamental information for the epidemiology of M. intracellulare.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091315
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2020
    ZDB Id: 2720891-6
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 5
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Effect of Resistance Exercise on the Lipolysis Pathway in Obese Pre- and Postmenopausal Women
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Personalized Medicine Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-08-31), p. 874-
    Details
    In: Journal of Personalized Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 9 ( 2021-08-31), p. 874-
    Kurzfassung: Physical exercise may stimulate lipolytic activity within adipose tissue. Furthermore, resistance exercise may contribute to the more efficient reduction in adipose tissue mass and prevent the accumulation thereof in obese women. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of regular resistance exercise for 12 weeks on the lipolysis pathway in women with obesity. Twenty-three pre- and postmenopausal women with body fat percentages of 30% or more were divided into the premenopausal group (n = 9) and the postmenopausal group (n = 14). All subjects participated in resistance exercise training for 12 weeks. Anthropometric and physical fitness tests were performed on all participants. Protein analyses were performed on extracted subcutaneous fatty tissue, and changes in the relevant protein levels in the samples were analyzed by Western blotting. All serum samples were submitted for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurements of adipocyte factors. After 12 weeks, the adipose triglyceride lipase, monoacylglycerol lipase, and perilipin1 protein levels were significantly lower in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group. The hormone-sensitive lipase protein levels were significantly higher in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group. In addition, leptin concentrations were significantly decreased after resistance exercise in the postmenopausal group. Adiponectin concentrations were significantly increased after resistance exercise in both groups. These findings indicate that regular resistance exercise is effective in reducing the weight and body fat of obese premenopausal women, and in the secretion of adiponectin. On the other hand, postmenopausal women were found to have redeced weight and body fat, and were found to be positive for the secretion of adipokine factors. In addition, positive changes in lipolysis pathway factors in adipose tissue promote lipid degradation and reduce fat mass. Thus, regular resistance exercise shows positive changes in the lipolysis pathway more effectively in weight and body fat reduction in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2075-4426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jpm11090874
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2662248-8
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Heart and Lung Sound Measurement Using an Esophageal Stethoscope with Adaptive Noise Cancellation
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sensors Vol. 21, No. 20 ( 2021-10-12), p. 6757-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 21, No. 20 ( 2021-10-12), p. 6757-
    Kurzfassung: In surgeries where general anesthesia is required, the auscultation of heart and lung sounds is essential to provide information on the patient’s cardiorespiratory system. Heart and lung sounds can be recorded using an esophageal stethoscope; however, there is huge background noise when this device is used in an operating room. In this study, a digital esophageal stethoscope system was designed. A 3D-printed case filled with Polydimethylsiloxane material was designed to hold two electret-type microphones. One of the microphones was placed inside the printed case to collect the heart and lung sound signals coming out from the patient through the esophageal catheter, the other was mounted on the surface of the case to collect the operating room sounds. A developed adaptive noise canceling algorithm was implemented to remove the operating room noise corrupted with the main heart and lung sound signals and the output signal was displayed on software application developed especially for this study. Using the designed case, the noise level of the signal was reduced to some extent, and by adding the adaptive filter, further noise reduction was achieved. The designed system is lightweight and can provide noise-free heart and lung sound signals.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s21206757
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2021
    ZDB Id: 2052857-7
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 7
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Tablet-Based Wearable Patch Sensor Design for Continuous Cardiovascular System Monitoring in Postoperative Settings
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Biosensors Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-06-04), p. 615-
    Details
    In: Biosensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 6 ( 2023-06-04), p. 615-
    Kurzfassung: Meticulous monitoring for cardiovascular systems is important for postoperative patients in postanesthesia or the intensive care unit. The continuous auscultation of heart and lung sounds can provide a valuable information for patient safety. Although numerous research projects have proposed the design of continuous cardiopulmonary monitoring devices, they primarily focused on the auscultation of heart and lung sounds and mostly served as screening tools. However, there is a lack of devices that could continuously display and monitor the derived cardiopulmonary parameters. This study presents a novel approach to address this need by proposing a bedside monitoring system that utilizes a lightweight and wearable patch sensor for continuous cardiovascular system monitoring. The heart and lung sounds were collected using a chest stethoscope and microphones, and a developed adaptive noise cancellation algorithm was implemented to remove the background noise corrupted with those sounds. Additionally, a short-distance ECG signal was acquired using electrodes and a high precision analog front end. A high-speed processing microcontroller was used to allow real-time data acquisition, processing, and display. A dedicated tablet-based software was developed to display the acquired signal waveforms and the processed cardiovascular parameters. A significant contribution of this work is the seamless integration of continuous auscultation and ECG signal acquisition, thereby enabling the real-time monitoring of cardiovascular parameters. The wearability and lightweight design of the system were achieved through the use of rigid–flex PCBs, which ensured patient comfort and ease of use. The system provides a high-quality signal acquisition and real-time monitoring of the cardiovascular parameters, thus proving its potential as a health monitoring tool.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2079-6374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/bios13060615
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2023
    ZDB Id: 2662125-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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    Online-Ressource
  • 8
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    Changes in Physico-Chemical and Storage Properties of Dry-Aged Beef Loin Using Electric Field Refrigeration System
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-05-24), p. 1539-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-05-24), p. 1539-
    Kurzfassung: The aim of this study is to establish the dry aging period of beef loin in an electric field refrigeration system. Beef loins (Korea quality grade 2) were dry aged at 0, −1, and −2 °C temperature in an electric field refrigeration system (air velocity, 5 ± 2 m/s) and aging stopped as the value of TPC reached 7 log CFU/g. Samples were examined by aging yield, trimming yield, pH, color, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking yield, shear force, total plate count (TPC), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN). The results for aging yield, trimming yield, redness, yellowness, and chroma decreased with increasing the dry aging period. Contrariwise, those for pH, lightness, hue angle, WHC, and cooking yield increased with the dry aging period. In shear force, the lowest value occurred at four weeks at all temperatures. The results for TPC, TBARS, and VBN increased with aging period, and VBN at 6 weeks at 0 °C and 9 weeks at −1 °C exceed the standard value (20 mg/100 g), while dry aging temperature had an effect on physico-chemical and storage properties by lower temperatures showed slower progress. Therefore, dry aging on an electric field refrigerate system can be used until 4 weeks at 0 °C, 8 weeks at −1 °C, and 10 weeks at −2 °C. However, considering physico-chemical properties, 4 weeks at every temperature is suitable for manufacturing soft dry-aged beef loin.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11111539
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2704223-6
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    A Plant-Produced Porcine Parvovirus 1-82 VP2 Subunit Vaccine Protects Pregnant Sows against Challenge with a Genetically Heterologous PPV1 Strain
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Vaccines Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-12-26), p. 54-
    Details
    In: Vaccines, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-12-26), p. 54-
    Kurzfassung: Porcine parvovirus (PPV) causes reproductive failure in sows, and vaccination remains the most effective means of preventing infection. The NADL-2 strain has been used as a vaccine for ~50 years; however, it does not protect animals against genetically heterologous PPV strains. Thus, new effective and safe vaccines are needed. In this study, we aimed to identify novel PPV1 strains, and to develop PPV1 subunit vaccines. We isolated and sequenced PPV1 VP2 genes from 926 pigs and identified ten PPV1 strains (belonging to Groups C, D and E). We selected the Group D PPV1-82 strain as a vaccine candidate because it was close to the highly pathogenic 27a strain. The PPV1-82 VP2 protein was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana. It formed virus-like particles and exhibited a 211 agglutination value. The PPV1-190313 strain (Group E), isolated from an aborted fetus, was used as the challenging strain because it was pathogenic. The unvaccinated sow miscarried at 8 days postchallenge, and mummified fetuses were all PPV1-positive. By contrast, pregnant sows vaccinated with PPV1-82 VP2 had 9–11 Log2 antibody titers and produced normal fetuses after PPV1-190313 challenge. These results suggest the PPV1-82 VP2 subunit vaccine protects pregnant sows against a genetically heterologous PPV1 strain by inducing neutralizing antibodies.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2076-393X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010054
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2022
    ZDB Id: 2703319-3
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Online-Ressource
    Online-Ressource
    APOE Promoter Polymorphism-219T/G is an Effect Modifier of the Influence of APOE ε4 on Alzheimer’s Disease Risk in a Multiracial Sample
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Clinical Medicine Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2019-08-16), p. 1236-
    Details
    In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 8 ( 2019-08-16), p. 1236-
    Kurzfassung: Variants in the APOE gene region may explain ethnic differences in the association of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with ε4. Ethnic differences in allele frequencies for three APOE region SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) were identified and tested for association in 19,398 East Asians (EastA), including Koreans and Japanese, 15,836 European ancestry (EuroA) individuals, and 4985 African Americans, and with brain imaging measures of cortical atrophy in sub-samples of Koreans and EuroAs. Among ε4/ε4 individuals, AD risk increased substantially in a dose-dependent manner with the number of APOE promoter SNP rs405509 T alleles in EastAs (TT: OR (odds ratio) = 27.02, p = 8.80 × 10−94; GT: OR = 15.87, p = 2.62 × 10−9) and EuroAs (TT: OR = 18.13, p = 2.69 × 10−108; GT: OR = 12.63, p = 3.44 × 10−64), and rs405509-T homozygotes had a younger onset and more severe cortical atrophy than those with G-allele. Functional experiments using APOE promoter fragments demonstrated that TT lowered APOE expression in human brain and serum. The modifying effect of rs405509 genotype explained much of the ethnic variability in the AD/ε4 association, and increasing APOE expression might lower AD risk among ε4 homozygotes.
    Materialart: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 2077-0383
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081236
    Sprache: Englisch
    Verlag: MDPI AG
    Publikationsdatum: 2019
    ZDB Id: 2662592-1
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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